Research Progress on Ancient Bronze Corrosion in Different Environments and Using Different Conservation Techniques: A Review

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (37-38) ◽  
pp. 2033-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongchi Wang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Xudong Jiang ◽  
Chunxu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Bronze Corrosion

ABSTRACTAncient Chinese bronzes are precious cultural relics. Their surfaces are often severely damaged by dynamic changes in the external environment, both before and after they are unearthed. Therefore, scientific research has been required to preserve these treasures. In recent years, along with the development of modern science and technology, innovative instrumental analytical techniques have become indispensable tools to study corrosion phenomena as well as to evaluate post-excavation conservation techniques. In this paper, we present an overview of bronze corrosion processes in various environments, including analysis of the types of corrosion, mechanisms of formation and factors that influence bronze corrosion products. In addition, we compare the characteristics of corrosion products that have formed on archaeological sites, in tombs, and in museums. Lastly, we introduce some novel techniques for bronze protection, and we propose the focus for future research. Our expectation is that this review will provide a scientific basis for bronze preservation.

Toward Ceramic Anticorrosion Coatings: A Review

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3560 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 895-917
Author(s):  
Kaixuan Ye ◽  
Zili Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anticorrosion Coatings ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
First Time ◽  
Significant Attention

Ceramic coatings have attracted significant attention for anticorrosion application, given the chemical stability. Although many satisfactory results have been achieved, there is no review on the latest research progress of ceramic anticorrosion coatings. For the first time, this paper systematically reviews the lastest advances of ceramic anticorrosion coatings. First, the preparation technologies of ceramic coatings are described in detail. Toughening, as the key to the anticorrosion of ceramic coatings, is also highlighted. The corrosion mechanisms of ceramic coatings are also illustrated. The paper concludes with some doubts of ceramic coatings and outlining the trend for future research.

scholarly journals Rural Tourism as a Transformative Service of Community Well-Being: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1090
Author(s):  
Shamim Ahmad Siddiqui ◽  
Sanjai Parahoo ◽  
Md Abu Nayeem Sadi ◽  
Munshi Naser Ibne Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Before And After

This study aims to look at the pattern and focus of rural tourism research over the last two decades. How much current research on rural tourism has centered on the position of rural tourism as a transformative service industry, in particular. A rigorous search is conducted in the current scientific literature databases, integrating narrative review and bibliometric research, to evaluate this correlation as well as to assess the effect of rural tourism growth on the various actors in the ecosystem (i.e., local population, local service providers, local authorities, tourists). It also includes a narrative study of clusters of topics under the headings of rural tourism and community well-being. We conducted a systematic thematic and material study of our chosen literature in addition to bibliometric analysis. Finally, a critical analysis of the methodologies used in the field of rural tourism is conducted. Since the connection between tourism growth and local TSR is still being researched, this study uses well-being (and other related terms) as an inclusion criterion for all types of tourism in rural areas. The report also aims to assess research progress on terms related to rural tourism, such as eco-tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, and community-based tourism, from 2010 to 2020. Furthermore, the study examines the relationship between rural tourism and well-being before and after 2010. The choice of 2010 as the turning point reflects the fact that after 2010, the relation between TSR (or wellbeing) and rural tourism becomes more visible. By using title, citations, publication journal and year, author information, keywords (name, countries, and institutions analysis), and author information, this search provides us with an aesthetic nature of our research. This paper set an agenda for future research in the field. Future researchers will get a clear insight about literature gap in the field of tourism industry.

Science of Ahangyol and Its Importance for Modern Scientific Thought

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gashamoglu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Made In

The Article briefly discusses the need for generation of the Science of Ahangyol, and this science’s scientific basis, object and subject, category system, scientific research methods and application options. Ahangyol is a universal science and may be useful in any sphere. It may assist in problem solving in peacemaking process and in many areas such as ecology, economics, politics, culture, management and etc. This science stipulates that any activity and any decision made in the life may only and solely be successful when they comply with harmony principles more, which are the principles of existence and activity of the world. A right strategic approach of the Eastern Philosophy and the Middle Age Islamic Philosophy and scientific thought has an important potential. This strategic approach creates opportunities to also consider irrational factors in addition to rational ones comprehensively in scientific researches. The modern scientific thought contributes to implementation of these opportunities. Ahangyol is a science of determination of ways to achieve harmony in any sphere and of creation of special methods to make progress in these ways through assistance of the modern science. Methods of the System Theory, Mathematics, IT, Astronomy, Physics, Biology, Sociology, Statistics and etc. are more extensively applied. Information is given on some of these methods. Moreover, the Science of Ahangyol, which is a new philosophical worldview and a new paradigm contributes to clarification of metaphysic views considerably and discovery of the scientific potential of religious books.

Comparison of publication activity level in the medical field in Ukraine and the countries of the worldActivities of higher education institutions in the technology transfer

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
A.B. Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Medical Field

In the context of the rapid development of scientific and technological progress in Ukraine, including the medical field, a significant contribution belongs to scientific researches based on world recognition, and publications in scientific journals indexed in international bibliometric databases, will lead to the possibility of upgrading modern science in medical higher educational institutions. The most significant in modern society is not only activity process or thought, but the result that scientific research provides. Scientific activity is difficult to evaluate with only one parameter; moreover, there is a need for evaluation using qualitative indicators. The article presents author’s research results of publication activity level in the medical field in Ukraine, taking into account world experience based on international bibliometric database Clarivate Analytics’s Web of Science. Clarivate Analytics accelerates research progress by providing researchers with reliable information sources, analytics around the world, and the ability to quickly create, defend, and commercialize new ideas. Clarivate Analytics is an independent company with more than 4000 employees working in more than 100 countries, and has a well-known brand — Web of Science. It provides access to the largest database of scientific articles from carefully selected reputable journals. Researchers can use effective search instruments that take into account metadata and bibliographic references and allow you to get the highest quality, meaningful and impartial information. Web of Science is an accurate and reliable source of information for assessing scientific work, the most comprehensive resource in which both quality and quantity are equally valued.

Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 996-1008
Author(s):  
Mengli Wang ◽  
Qiuzheng Du ◽  
Lihua Zuo ◽  
Peng Xue ◽  
Chao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Targeted Drugs

Background: As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed. Results: In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study. Conclusion: According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.

Mix Networks: Existing Scenarios and Future Directions on Security and Privacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleel Ahmad ◽  
Afsar Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Web ◽  
Privacy Enhancing Techniques

Background: Privacy enhancing techniques are developed in order to provide strong protection to cyberspace. These techniques aim to allow users to keep their identities hidden during the communication when they are sending email, making payments online, browsing the Web or posting to newsgroups. MixNet is the most practical solution for concealing identities of message and sender’s identities. Objective: It provides sender and receiver anonymity as well as message security. The main goal of MixNet is to overcome vulnerability and enhance the performance of communication. It can efficiently handle the messages of various length and produce desirable results with privacy. The main objective of this paper is to acquire information and concepts regarding MixNet. We also provide guidelines for future research and references. Methods : The designing of MixNet depends on what cryptosystem method is used. Symmetric and Asymmetric both are used. Other methods could be also used such as PIR, CSP and FDR model, RPC, Token-based approach or others. Result: In this paper we provide an overview of MixNet approaches and presented a survey on MixNet based techniques and different models. We also constructed the comparison tables as per our requirements for better understanding. For this purpose, we found a total of 120 articles related to the MixNet published between 1990 and 2018 from the most relevant scientific resources. However, only 86 papers were analyzed due to comprehensiveness and relevancy to this article. Conclusion: Focused on the security and privacy of communication and how it can be achieved. This survey also reveals research progress and research gap on MixNet.

A Short Review on Structural Equation Modeling: Applications and Future Research Directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surajit Bag
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Statistical Efficiency ◽  
Future Research Directions

The application of multivariate techniques is mainly to expand the researchers explanatory ability and statistical efficiency. The first generation analytical techniques share a common limitation i.e. each technique can examine only a single relationship at a time. Structural Equation Modeling, an extension of several multivariate techniques is the technique popularly used today can examine a series of dependence relationships simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to provide a short review on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) being used in social sciences research. A comprehensive literature review of article appearing in top journals is conducted in order to identify how often SEM theory is used. Also the key SEM steps have been provided offering potential researchers with a theoretical supported systematic approach that simplify the multiple options with performing SEM.

scholarly journals Research on the Operating Characteristics of Hydraulic Free-Piston Engines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3530
Author(s):  
Fukang Ma ◽  
Shuanlu Zhang ◽  
Zhenfeng Zhao ◽  
Yifang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Free Piston ◽  
Free Piston Engine

The hydraulic free-piston engine (HFPE) is a kind of hybrid-powered machine which combines the reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine and the plunger pump as a whole. In recent years, the HFPE has been investigated by a number of research groups worldwide due to its potential advantages of high efficiency, energy savings, reduced emissions and multi-fuel operation. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the operating characteristics, core questions and research progress of HFPEs via a systematic review and meta-analysis. We included operational control, starting characteristics, misfire characteristics, in-cylinder working processes and operating stability. We conducted the literature search using electronic databases. The research on HFPEs has mainly concentrated on four kinds of free-piston engine, according to piston arrangement form: single piston, dual pistons, opposed pistons and four-cylinder complex configuration. HFPE research in China is mainly conducted in Zhejiang University, Tianjin University, Jilin University and the Beijing Institute of Technology. In addition, in China, research has mainly focused on the in-cylinder combustion process while a piston is free by considering in-cylinder combustion machinery and piston dynamics. Regarding future research, it is very important that we solve the instabilities brought about by chance fluctuations in the combustion process, which will involve the hydraulic system’s efficiency, the cyclical variation, the method of predicting instability and the recovery after instability.

Influences of Stress on Interactions with Decision Support

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1886-1890
Author(s):  
Kylie Litaker ◽  
Christopher B. Mayhorn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Task Motivation ◽  
Situational Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scanning Task ◽  
Source Of Information

People regularly interact with automation to make decisions. Research shows that reliance on recommendations can depend on user trust in the decision support system (DSS), the source of information (i.e. human or automation), and situational stress. This study explored how information source and stress affect trust and reliance on a DSS used in a baggage scanning task. A preliminary sample of sixty-one participants were given descriptions for a DSS and reported trust before and after interaction. The DSS gave explicit recommendations when activated and participants could choose to rely or reject the choice. Results revealed a bias towards self-reliance and a negative influence of stress on trust, particularly for participants receiving help from automation. Controlling for perceived reliability may have eliminated trust biases prior to interaction, while stress may have influenced trust during the task. Future research should address potential differences in task motivation and include physiological measures of stress.

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