scholarly journals Synthesis of LiFePO4 in an Open-air Environment

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
pp. 939-944
Author(s):  
Fei Gu ◽  
Kichang Jung ◽  
Taehoon Lim ◽  
Alfredo A. Martinez-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Family ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTAmong different efforts to increase the competitiveness of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the energy storage marketplace, reducing the cost of production is a major effort by the LIB industry. This work proposes a synthesis method to decrease the production cost for LiFePO4, by synthesizing the material through an open-air environment solid state reaction.The lithium (Li)-ion battery is a member of the family of rechargeable batteries. In our approach, iron phosphate (FePO4) powder is preheated to eliminate moisture. Once dried, the FePO4 is mixed with lithium acetate (CH3COOLi), and the mixture is heated in a tube furnace. The solid-state reaction is conducted in an open-air environment. In order to minimize the oxidation of the formed LiFePO4, a modified tube reaction vessel is utilized during synthesis. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) are used to characterize the crystal structure and chemical composition of the synthesized material. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization shows the grain size of the formed LiFePO4 to be in the range of 200 nm to 600 nm. Cycling testing of fabricated battery cells using the synthesized LiFePO4 is done using an Arbin Tester.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Katoda Baterai Lithium Ion Iron Phospate (LiFePO4) dengan Metode Solid State Reaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Putri Permatasari ◽  
Mega Permata Rindi ◽  
Agus Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Temperatures

<p>One of the most finest materials for lithium ion battery nowadays is lithium iron phosphate or LiFePO4. Lithium iron phosphate was synthesized with solid state reaction method  by  optimizing  the  variable  of  material  and  temperature.  The  variable  for calcination temperatures were 700oC, 800oC, and 900oC while the basic materials as Fe sources were Fe2O3 and FeSO4. Particles morphologies and quantity of crystal were investigated in details by X-ray diffraction analysis XRD. XRD imaging showed diffraction of nanoparticles LiFePO4 with crystal quantity 40,4% (800oC) and 59,1% (900oC) of materials Fe2O3,which the most quantity from other samples. Thus, chatode materials were made from LiFePO4 that synthesized at calcination temperatures 800oC and 900oC. In conclusion the material chatode from LiFePO4 that had been synthesized had so many impurities because it was hard to get single phase of nanoparticles LiFePO4 and need more improvement in optimizing the process condition for ideal chatode material.</p>

Novel Low Temperature Molten Salt Synthesis of a Li5La3Nb2O12 Solid State Electrolyte and Its Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiang Teng ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ashutosh Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Molten Salt Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Electrolyte ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Quality Material ◽  
Li Content

ABSTRACTThe solid state electrolyte (SSE) of Li5La3Nb2O12 (LLNO) was synthesized via a novel molten salt synthesis (MSS) method at the relatively low temperature of 900°C. The low sintering temperature prevented the loss of lithium that commonly occurs during synthesis of the SSE using conventional solid state or wet chemical reactions. Recent publications have demonstrated that preserving the Li content is critical in improving the ionic conductivity of SSEs. The LLNO in this experiment showed a high Li-ion conductivity which is comparable to other values reported for LLNO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed the formation of the cubic garnet Ia-3d crystal structure. In addition, the morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed a uniform grain size and crack-free microstructure. These results demonstrate that MSS is a powerful synthesis method to fabricate LLNO at a relatively low temperature while still achieving a high quality material.

scholarly journals Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Lihium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Menggunakan Metoda Solid State Reaction Sebagai Katoda Pada baterai Lithium-Ion

FLUIDA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Oki Putra ◽  
Rusdan Fadila ◽  
Eko Andrijanto ◽  
Dian Ratna Suminar
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Energy Needs

ABSTRAK  Perkembangan baterai tak luput dari kebutuhan energi yang kian meningkat. Meskipun sumber energi tidak terpaku pada baterai, namun baterai banyak diminati karena dapat menampung cukup banyak energi, relatif aman, dan bersifat portable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesa dan mengetahui karakteristik salah satu jenis katoda baterai lithium-ion yaitu Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) dengan variasi mol reagent berdasarkan perbandingan stoikiometri dan suhu proses kalsinasi 600°C, 700°C, dan 800°C selama 3x3 jam menggunakan metode solid state reaction dengan Li2SO4.H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, dan KH2PO4 sebagai reagent. Produk hasil kalsinasi 800°C dengan variasi 0.1 mol dijadikan sampel untuk dianalisa dan dikarakterisasi karena memiliki penurunan berat endapan BaSO4 tertinggi. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR menunjukan gugus fungsi P-O yang cukup kuat, sementara hasil karakterisasi menggunakan SEM/EDX menunjukan partikel yang terbentuk memiliki ukuran sekitar 160nm hingga 14µm dan terdapat atom S yang merupakan impurities dalam produk. Pola difraksi hasil uji XRD menunjukan terbentuknya sejumlah fasa seperti LiFePO4, LiFeP2O7, dan Li3PO4.   ABSTRACT  The development of batteries is inseparable from the increasing energy needs. Although energy sources are not available for batteries, batteries are in great demand because they can store a lot of energy, are relatively safe, and are portable. This study aims to synthesize and determine the characteristics of one type of lithium-ion battery cathode, namely Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) with various mole reagents based on stoichiometric ratios and calcination process temperatures of 600oC, 700oC, and 800oC for 3x3 hours using the solidstate reaction method with Li2SO4.H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, and KH2PO4 as reagents. The 800oC calcined product with 0.1 mol variation was sampled for analysis and characterization because it had the highest weight loss of BaSO4 deposits. The results of characterization using FTIR showed that the functional group P-O are quite strong, while the results of characterization using SEM/EDX showed that the particles formed had a size of about 160nm to 14µm and contained S atoms which were impurities in the product. The diffraction pattern of XRD test results shows the formation of phase numbers such as LiFePO4, LiFeP2O7, dan Li3PO4.

Synthesis and Performances of a Fe-Site Doped Lithium Iron Phosphate

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
Hui Xie ◽  
Jian Zhuang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Conductivities ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Electrochemical Capacity ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Discharge Test

A Fe-site doped lithium phosphate LiFe0.99La0.01PO4 as cathode material for lithium ion battery was synthesized by solid-state reaction. The crystalline structure, morphology of particles and electrochemical performances of the sample were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, charge-discharge test and cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the small LiFe0.99La0.01PO4 particles are simple pure olive-type phase structure with uniformly distribution of gain size. The LiFe0.99La0.01PO4 obtained has proper electrochemical capacity, good cycle ability and rate performances. Such an excellent electrochemical characteristic should be partially related to the enhanced electronic conductivities and probably the better mobility of Li ion in the crystal of the doped sample.

Modification of Cathode Material Lithium Iron Phosphate by Silicon Doping Using Solid State Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Iman Rahayu ◽  
Ulima A Suci ◽  
Fahmi Taufiqulhadi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silicon Doping ◽  
Si Doped

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) based material is one of the most prospective candidates as a cathode material in lithium-ion batteries because of its lower cost, safer, and environmental benignity compared to lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), which is commonly used for lithium-ion batteries manufacturing. However, its low conductivity is the obstacle of this material to solve, so that modification with the addition of silicon (Si) is expected to improve the electrochemical performance. Meanwhile, solid state reaction is considered simple and effective in LiFePO4 crystal growth process. Therefore, Si-doped LiFePO4 using solid state reaction in this research aims to study its structure and morphology as well as the effect of adding Si to its conductivity. The synthesis began with mixing LiH2PO4, Fe2O3, carbon black, and six-mole ratio variation of Si to LiFePO4 using agate with ethanol: acetone addition then dried in an oven at 80°C and heated at 550°C in a furnace for 6 hours under argon atmosphere and sintering temperature of 870°C for 16 hours with the same condition. The sample of 3% mole ratio performed the highest conductivity of all variations with 3.01 x 10-6 S.cm-1, and was identified as Li0.93Fe1.07P0.93O4Si0.7 with orthorhombic structure, Pnma space group (Ref. Code: ICSD 98-016-1792) with the highest peak at 2θ = 35.556° from XRD analysis with rectangular-like shape particle.

Study of LiFePO4 Electrode Morphology for Li-Ion Battery Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-552
Author(s):  
Mihaela Buga ◽  
Alexandru Rizoiu ◽  
Constantin Bubulinca ◽  
Silviu Badea ◽  
Mihai Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Li Ion

The paper focuses on the development of lithium-ion battery cathode based on lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). Li-ion battery cathodes were manufactured using the new Battery R&D Production Line from ROM-EST Centre, the first and only facility in Romania, capable of fabricating the industry standard 18650 lithium-ion cells, customized pouch cells and CR2032 cells. The cathode configuration contains acetylene black (AB), LiFePO4, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as binder and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent. X-ray diffraction measurements and SEM-EDS analysis were conducted to obtain structural and morphological information for the as-prepared electrodes.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of a new tripotassium hexanickel iron hexaphosphate

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Ouaatta ◽  
Abderrazzak Assani ◽  
Mohamed Saadi ◽  
Lahcen El Ammari
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Coordination Polyhedra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Eds Analysis

A new potassium-nickel iron phosphate, K3Ni6Fe(PO4)6, has been synthesized by solid-state reaction and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and qualitative energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The structure is built up by [FeO6], [PO4], and [NiO6] coordination polyhedra, which are linked to each other by edge and corner sharing to form zigzag layers parallel to the ab plane. These layers are interconnected by [PO4] tetrahedra and [NiO6] octahedra via common corners, leading to a three-dimensional framework delimiting large channels running along the [100] direction in which the K+ cations are localized.

scholarly journals Stochastic Expansion Planning of Various Energy Storage Technologies in Active Power Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5752
Author(s):  
Reza Sabzehgar ◽  
Diba Zia Amirhosseini ◽  
Saeed D. Manshadi ◽  
Poria Fajri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Second Order Cone ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
The Cost

This work aims to minimize the cost of installing renewable energy resources (photovoltaic systems) as well as energy storage systems (batteries), in addition to the cost of operation over a period of 20 years, which will include the cost of operating the power grid and the charging and discharging of the batteries. To this end, we propose a long-term planning optimization and expansion framework for a smart distribution network. A second order cone programming (SOCP) algorithm is utilized in this work to model the power flow equations. The minimization is computed in accordance to the years (y), seasons (s), days of the week (d), time of the day (t), and different scenarios based on the usage of energy and its production (c). An IEEE 33-bus balanced distribution test bench is utilized to evaluate the performance, effectiveness, and reliability of the proposed optimization and forecasting model. The numerical studies are conducted on two of the highest performing batteries in the current market, i.e., Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and redox flow batteries (RFBs). In addition, the pros and cons of distributed Li-ion batteries are compared with centralized RFBs. The results are presented to showcase the economic profits of utilizing these battery technologies.

Modified Solid-State Reaction Synthesized Cathode Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) from Different Phosphate Sources

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 3812-3820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keqiang Ding ◽  
Wenjuan Li ◽  
Qingfei Wang ◽  
Suying Wei ◽  
Zhanhu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Phosphate
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