Directly grown TiO2 nanotubes on carbon nanofibers for photoelectrochemical water splitting

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (46) ◽  
pp. 3145-3150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungkyu Han ◽  
Stepan Kment ◽  
Anandarup Goswami ◽  
Ondrej Haderka ◽  
Radek Zboril
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Cells ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Electron Hole Pair

ABSTRACTA variety of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) phases and nanostructures have been explored for their applications in photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) for solar-driven water splitting. In this case, anatase phase and TiO2 nanotubes offer significant advantages especially for PEC-based applications. Though, significant efforts have already been engaged to combine the advantages from both the fields, poor activation and the high electron-hole pair recombination rate of TiO2 electrodes, originating from intrinsic physicochemical properties, limits its practical use. As an alternative, we report directly grown TiO2 nanotubes (synthesized on Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) via facile electrospinning technique) on carbon nanofibers, using hydrothermal method. The hierarchical branch type configuration has an intimate contact between the TiO2 nanotube and carbon nanofiber backbone and offers higher photocatalytic activity than their respective individual components (namely TiO2 nanotubes and carbon nanostructures).

scholarly journals A novel polycaprolactone/carbon nanofiber composite as a conductive neural guidance channel: an in vitro and in vivo study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Farzamfar ◽  
Majid Salehi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Tavangar ◽  
Javad Verdi ◽  
Korosh Mansouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Damage ◽  
Potential Applicability

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate the potential of carbon nanofibers to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The carbon nanofiber-imbedded scaffolds were produced from polycaprolactone and carbon nanofibers using thermally induced phase separation method. Electrospinning technique was utilized to fabricate polycaprolactone/collagen nanofibrous sheets. The incorporation of carbon nanofibers into polycaprolactone’s matrix significantly reduced its electrical resistance from 4.3 × 109 ± 0.34 × 109 Ω to 8.7 × 104 ± 1.2 × 104 Ω. Further in vitro studies showed that polycaprolactone/carbon nanofiber scaffolds had the porosity of 82.9 ± 3.7% and degradation rate of 1.84 ± 0.37% after 30 days and 3.58 ± 0.39% after 60 days. The fabricated scaffolds were favorable for PC-12 cells attachment and proliferation. Neural guidance channels were produced from the polycaprolactone/carbon nanofiber composites using water jet cutter machine then incorporated with PCL/collagen nanofibrous sheets. The composites were implanted into severed rat sciatic nerve. After 12 weeks, the results of histopathological examinations and functional analysis proved that conductive conduit out-performed the non-conductive type and induced no toxicity or immunogenic reactions, suggesting its potential applicability to treat peripheral nerve damage in the clinic.

Thin MoS2 nanosheets grafted MOFs-derived porous Co–N–C flakes grown on electrospun carbon nanofibers as self-supported bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (45) ◽  
pp. 23898-23908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxiao Ji ◽  
Shengjie Peng ◽  
Li Fan ◽  
Linlin Li ◽  
Xiaohong Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Bifunctional Catalysts ◽  
Mos2 Nanosheets ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
Nanofiber Film

A thin MoS2 nanosheets grafted MOF derived Co–N–C flake grown on electrospun carbon nanofiber film was designed and mass-produced. The material exhibited superior bifunctional catalytic activity for overall water splitting.

scholarly journals Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers with Embedded Co-Ceria Nanoparticles for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution and Overall Water Splitting

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongwon Woo ◽  
Jooyoung Lee ◽  
Dong Sub Lee ◽  
Jung Kyu Kim ◽  
Byungkwon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Ceria Nanoparticles ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
Lower Overpotential

In this study, simple electrospinning combined with pyrolysis were used to fabricate transition-metal-based-nanoparticle-incorporated carbon nanofiber (CNF) electrocatalysts for a high-efficiency hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and overall water splitting. Co-CeO2 nanoparticle-incorporated carbon nanofibers (Co-CeO2@CNF) exhibit an outstanding electrocatalytic HER performance with an overpotential and Tafel slope of 92 mV and 54 mV/dec, respectively. For the counterpart, electrolysis, we incorporate the widely used Ni2Fe catalyst with a high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity into the carbon nanofiber (Ni2Fe@CNF). To evaluate their electrochemical properties for the overall water splitting, Co-CeO2@CNF and Ni2Fe@CNF were used as the HER and OER electrocatalysts in an alkaline electrolyzer. With the paired Co-CeO2@CNF and Ni2Fe@CNF electrodes, an overall water splitting current density of 10 mA/cm2 was achieved by applying 1.587 V across the electrodes with a remarkably lower overpotential of 257 mV compared to that of an electrolyzer comprised of Pt/C and IrO2 electrodes (400 mV). Owing to the conformal incorporation of nanoparticles into the CNF, the electrocatalysts exhibit significant long-term durability over 70 h of overall water splitting. This study provides rational designs of catalysts with high electrochemical catalytic activity and durability to achieve overall water splitting.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Carbon Nanofibers Decorated with Various Kinds of Metal Oxides for Battery Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Jung-Pil Lee ◽  
Sinho Choi ◽  
Sungjin Cho ◽  
Woo-Jin Song ◽  
Soojin Park
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Polymer Mixture ◽  
Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrospinning Technique

Carbon nanofibers decorated with various metal oxide nanoparticles were fabricated by combining an electrospinning technique of bicomponent polymer mixture and a sol-gel reaction and subsequent carbonization process. Electrospun polymer nanofibers consisting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) with controllable diameters were fabricated with PAN/PVP core/shell types via phase-separation due to the immiscibility between two polymers. The electrospun nanofibers served as supporting materials with binding sites of PVP to incorporate titanium oxide precursor. Subsequently, the carbonization of the fibers led to the formation of carbon nanofibers@TiO2 for energy application, in which rutile TiO2 nanoparticles were decorated on the surface of carbon nanofiber. Especially, this TiO2 decorated carbon nanofiber electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical property in lithium-ion batteries (≈600 mA h g−1 at C/5 rate for 100 cycles). Furthermore, the carbon nanofibers were also successfully modified with other metal oxides, including NiO, SnO2, and ZrO2 nanoparticles, in a similar manner.

Cytocompatibility of Carbon Nanofiber Materials for Neural Applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. McKenzie ◽  
Michael C. Waid ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Pc 12 Cells ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Poly Carbonate

AbstractSince the cytocompatibility of carbon nanofibers with respect to neural applications remains largely uninvestigated, the objective of the present in vitro study was to determine cytocompatibility properties of formulations containing carbon nanofibers. Carbon fiber substrates were prepared from four different types of carbon fibers, two with nanoscale diameters (nanophase, or less than or equal to 100 nm) and two with conventional diameters (or greater than 200 nm). Within these two categories, both a high and a low surface energy fiber were investigated and tested. Astrocytes (glial scar tissue-forming cells) and pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12; neuronal-like cells) were seeded separately onto the substrates. Results provided the first evidence that astrocytes preferentially adhered on the carbon fiber that had the largest diameter and the lowest surface energy. PC-12 cells exhibited the most neurites on the carbon fiber with nanodimensions and low surface energy. These results may indicate that PC-12 cells prefer nanoscale carbon fibers while astrocytes prefer conventional scale fibers. A composite was formed from poly-carbonate urethane and the 60 nm carbon fiber. Composite substrates were thus formed using different weight percentages of this fiber in the polymer matrix. Increased astrocyte adherence and PC-12 neurite density corresponded to decreasing amounts of the carbon nanofibers in the poly-carbonate urethane matrices. Controlling carbon fiber diameter may be an approach for increasing implant contact with neurons and decreasing scar tissue formation.

Cytocompatibility and Material Properties of Poly-carbonate Urethane/Carbon Nanofiber Composites for Neural Applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. McKenzie ◽  
Michael C. Waid ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Poly Carbonate

AbstractCarbon nanofibers possess excellent conductivity properties, which may be beneficial in the design of more effective neural prostheses, however, limited evidence on their cytocompatibility properties exists. The objective of the present in vitro study was to determine cytocompatibility and material properties of formulations containing carbon nanofibers to predict the gliotic scar tissue response. Poly-carbonate urethane was combined with carbon nanofibers in varying weight percentages to provide a supportive matrix with beneficial bulk electrical and mechanical properties. The substrates were tested for mechanical properties and conductivity. Astrocytes (glial scar tissue-forming cells) were seeded onto the substrates for adhesion. Results provided the first evidence that astrocytes preferentially adhered to the composite material that contained the lowest weight percentage of carbon nanofibers. Positive interactions with neurons, and, at the same time, limited astrocyte functions leading to decreased gliotic scar tissue formation are essential for increased neuronal implant efficacy.

scholarly journals A flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor based on three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofibers

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 13898-13905
Author(s):  
Chuan Cai ◽  
He Gong ◽  
Weiping Li ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Qiushi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Pressure

A three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofiber network was used to measure press strains with high sensitivity.

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