Cartilage: Multiscale Structure and Biomechanical Properties

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 509-519
Author(s):  
Ferenc Horkay ◽  
Peter J. Basser ◽  
Anne-Marie Hecht ◽  
Erik Geissler
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Osmotic Swelling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Compressive Resistance

ABSTRACTCartilage is a load bearing tissue that has multiple biological functions. The major proteoglycan in cartilage is the bottlebrush shaped aggrecan whose complexes with hyaluronic acid provide the compressive resistance of cartilage. The negatively charged aggrecan-hyaluronic acid complexes generate an osmotic swelling pressure within the tissue, which is balanced by the collagen network. To better understand the function of cartilage at the tissue level, we study aggrecan assemblies using an array of microscopic and macroscopic techniques. The organization of aggrecan assemblies at the supramolecular level is probed by light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering. Osmotic and rheological measurements are used to investigate the macroscopic physical properties.

Scanning small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the size and organization of the mineral nanoparticles in fluorotic bone using a stack of cards model

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Gourrier ◽  
Chenghao Li ◽  
Stefan Siegel ◽  
Oskar Paris ◽  
Paul Roschger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Thin Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Particle Size Determination ◽  
High Cumulative Dose ◽  
Ray Scattering

A model describing the size and arrangement of mineral particles in bone tissues is used to analyse the results of a scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiment on a pathological bone biopsy. The overall description assumes that the nanometre-sized mineral platelets are arranged in a parallel fashion with possible fluctuations in their relative position, orientation and thickness. This method is tested on a thin sample section obtained from the biopsy of an osteoporotic patient treated with a high cumulative dose of NaF. The mineralization pattern of fluorotic bone is known to exhibit significant differences as compared to healthy bone in terms of density, particle size and organization. This is the first attempt to provide quantitative indicators of the degree of regularity in the packing of the mineral platelets in human pathological bone. Using scanning SAXS with a synchrotron microbeam of 15 µm allows discrimination between pathological and healthy bone at the tissue level. Additionally, the benefits of this method are discussed with respect to the accuracy of particle size determination using SAXS.

A Revised O2 Reduction Model in Li-O2 Batteries as Revealed by in Situ Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Prehal ◽  
Aleksej Samojlov ◽  
Manfred Nachtnebel ◽  
Manfred Kriechbaum ◽  
Heinz Amenitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
Reduction Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
O2 Reduction ◽  
Ray Scattering

<b>Here we use in situ small and wide angle X-ray scattering to elucidate unexpected mechanistic insights of the O2 reduction mechanism in Li-O2 batteries.<br></b>

In situ Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Reveals the Formation Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Ting ◽  
Siqi Meng ◽  
Matthew Tirrell
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ray Scattering

We have directly observed the <i>in situ</i> self-assembly kinetics of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles by synchrotron time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, equipped with a stopped-flow device that provides millisecond temporal resolution. This work has elucidated one general kinetic pathway for the process of PEC micelle formation, which provides useful physical insights for increasing our fundamental understanding of complexation and self-assembly dynamics driven by electrostatic interactions that occur on ultrafast timescales.

Small angle X-ray scattering study of porosity variation in a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1675-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Baldrian ◽  
Božena N. Kolarz ◽  
Henrik Galina
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porosity Variation ◽  
Swelling Agent ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽  
Ray Scattering

Porosity variations induced by swelling agent exchange were studied in a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. Standard methods were used in the characterization of copolymer porosity in the dry state and the results were compared with related structural parameters derived from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements as developed for the characterization of two-phase systems. The SAXS method was also used for porosity determination in swollen samples. The differences in the porosity of dry samples were found to be an effect of the drying process, while in the swollen state the sample swells and deswells isotropically.

Mirror to measure small angle x-ray scattering signal in high energy density experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 123501
Author(s):  
M. Šmíd ◽  
C. Baehtz ◽  
A. Pelka ◽  
A. Laso García ◽  
S. Göde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Scattering Signal ◽  
Ray Scattering
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document