scholarly journals Factors associated to first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among HIV/AIDS patients at Sanglah Hospital, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cok Istri Sri Dharma Astiti ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri ◽  
Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
First Line ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Risk Of Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background and purpose: The incidence of first line ART failure is increasing in the South East Asia region. The main referral hospital in Bali has recorded an increased use of second line ART due to the first line ART failure. This study aims to explore risk factors associated to first line ART failure.Methods: A case control study was conducted among people living with HIV and AIDS at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar who started first line ART between 2004 and 2013. Cases were those who diagnosed as having clinical treatment failure and still on treatment in 2015. Controls were those with no treatment failure. Sex and year of ART initiation were matched between case and control. Data were obtained from medical records that include initial regiments, HIV mode of transmission, the WHO HIV clinical stage, CD4 count, opportunistic infections, body mass index, hemoglobin level, and drug substitution at the beginning and during treatment. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression.Results: Out of 68 HIV/AIDS patients with clinical ART failure, 72.1% were confirmed with immunological and 36.8% were confirmed with virological failure. Median time before treatment failure was 3.5 years. Factors associated to ART failure were HIV clinical stage IV (AOR=3.43; 95%CI=1.65-7.13) and being widow/widower (AOR=4.85; 95%CI=1.52-15.53). Patients with TB co-infection have a lower risk for treatment failure due to early diagnosis and treatment through TB-HIV program (AOR=0.32; 95%CI=0.14-0.70).Conclusions: Higher HIV clinical stage at ART initiation increases the risk of treatment failure. HIV-TB co-infection indirectly reduces the risk of treatment failure.

Factors associated to first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among HIV/AIDS patients at Sanglah Hospital, Bali

2017 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Cok Istri Sri Dharma Astiti ◽  
A.A Sagung Sawitri ◽  
Tuti Parwati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
First Line ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Risk Of Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background and purpose: The incidence of first line ART failure is increasing in the South East Asia region. The main referral hospital in Bali has recorded an increased use of second line ART due to the first line ART failure. This study aims to explore risk factors associated to first line ART failure.Methods: A case control study was conducted among people living with HIV and AIDS at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar who started first line ART between 2004 and 2013. Cases were those who diagnosed as having clinical treatment failure and still on treatment in 2015. Controls were those with no treatment failure. Sex and year of ART initiation were matched between case and control. Data were obtained from medical records that include initial regiments, HIV mode of transmission, the WHO HIV clinical stage, CD4 count, opportunistic infections, body mass index, hemoglobin level, and drug substitution at the beginning and during treatment. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression.Results: Out of 68 HIV/AIDS patients with clinical ART failure, 72.1% were confirmed with immunological and 36.8% were confirmed with virological failure. Median time before treatment failure was 3.5 years. Factors associated to ART failure were HIV clinical stage IV with (AOR=3.43; 95%CI=1.65-7.13) and being widow/widower (AOR=4.85; 95%CI=1.52-15.53). Patients with TB co-infection have a lower risk for treatment failure due to early diagnosis and treatment through TB-HIV program with (AOR=0.32; 95%CI=0.14-0.70).Conclusions: Higher HIV clinical stage at ART initiation increases the risk of treatment failure. HIV-TB co-infection indirectly reduces the risk of treatment failure.

scholarly journals Body mass index increases CD4+ count in HIV/AIDS patients on first-line therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mirna Widiyanti ◽  
Moch Irfan Hadi ◽  
Mei Lina Fitri Kumalasari ◽  
Evi Iriani Natalia ◽  
Dedi Ananta Purba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
First Line ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background<br />The body mass index (BMI) may contribute somewhat to drug metabolism, thus affecting the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART). CD4+ counts   in people infected with HIV are essential in determining the stage of the disease, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections and evaluating treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the association of BMI and clinical stage with CD4+ counts in HIV patients seeking treatment using first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART).<br /><br />Methods<br />An analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted involving 251 HIV/AIDS patients who had received first-line antiretrovirals over six months. BMI, clinical staging according to WHO and CD4 + were collected. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between BMI, clinical stage and CD4+.<br /><br />Results<br />Among the enrolled patients, the median age was 36 years, 135 (55%) of the patients was female, 102 (40.6%) was overweight/obese, 161 (64.1%) was in stage 3 of the disease, and the median CD4+ count was 389 cells/mm3. Multiple linear regression test showed two variables with a significant effect on CD4+ count, namely BMI (B=69.247; 95 % CI : 42.886-95.608) and clinical stage (B=61.590; 28.910-94.270). BMI was the most influencing factor for CD4+ count (β=0.307) compared to clinical stage (β=0.216). <br /><br />Conclusions<br />Body mass index was the most influencing factor for CD4 + counts of HIV/AIDS patients. Regular ART can increase CD4+ counts and maintain the health of HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Factors associated with chronic kidney disease in HIV+ patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEPUKAI BENGURA ◽  
Principal Ndlovu ◽  
Mulalo Annah Managa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Current research indicates that chronic kidney disease is a global problem which poses a major health threat to people of poor countries who have HIV/AIDS and are on antiretroviral treatment. In this study, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the factors associated with it were investigated among the HIV/AIDS patients in a rural community of South Africa. Methods: A cohort of HIV+ terminal ill patients was retrospectively followed from 2010 to 2017 until chronic kidney disease was diagnosed or until the end of the observation period at two hospitals (Carolina and Embhuleni). Patient information was obtained from the routine hospitals’ records, and the data were analysed using logistic regression and survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier hazard functions and ratios, and log-rank tests) methods. Results: Out of a random sample of 357 HIV/AIDS patients, 53 patients (14.85%) had chronic kidney disease. The factors associated with chronic kidney disease were: Gender (p-value<0.0024); Age (p-value<0.0420); Baseline creatinine (p-value<0.0116); Baseline alanine transaminase (p-value<0.0111); Treatment regimen 1 (p-value<0.0001); ART adherence (poor, fair, good) (p-value<0.0005); Hospital (p-value<0.0001); and Lost to follow-up (ye, no) (p-value<0.0069). Discussion: Whilst antiretroviral treatment is associated with some improvement in virology and immunology in HIV-infected patients, research is still needed for the assessment of the impact of ART and other risk factors on renal function in marginalised communities in Africa. Conclusion: The research findings on HIV+ patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality concurred with several previous research findings on risk factors to CKD. The expected action to alleviate the health threat due to CKD in South Africa is to educate the nation on prevention, early detection and on the management of the disease. The study established diverse baseline statistics against which future research may be based.

scholarly journals Burden of Fatigue among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsiwaye Gebreyesus ◽  
Addisalem Belay ◽  
Gebretsadik Berhe ◽  
Gebremedhin Haile
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Fatigue is one of the most common and devastating Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) - related symptoms, with a varying prevalence in different study areas. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of information on the magnitude and factors associated with fatigue among HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. This may lead to under-diagnosis and eventually under-management of the symptom. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 609 HIV/AIDS patients who were selected by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Level of fatigue was measured by Fatigue Severity Scale. Results: The prevalence of fatigue was found to be 51.7%. The factors associated with fatigue were: Parity [AOR= 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09-3.71], CD4 count 200-499 cells/mm3 [AOR= 2.81; 95% CI: 1.58-4.99], anemia [AOR= 4.90 95% CI: 2.40-9.97], co-morbidities [AOR= 3.65; 95% CI: 1.71-7.78], depression [AOR= 3.68 95% CI: 1.99-6.79], not being physically active [AOR= 3.20 95% CI: 1.50-6.81], clinical stage II or IV HIV [AOR= 3.11; 95% CI: 1.51-6.40] and [AOR= 4.08; 95% CI: 1.37-12.14], respectively. Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that fatigue is a common health problem among adult People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Factors associated with fatigue included: Parity, CD4 count 200-499 cells/mm3, Clinical Stage II or IV HIV, anemia, co-morbidities, depression, and not being physically active. The health care service needs to address the predisposing factors by provision integrated care including timely detection and treatment of comorbidities, mental health problems, and promote physical activity to slow down disease progression and then reduce exposure to fatigue.

scholarly journals Socio-Behavioral Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients Visiting the HIV Referral Clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Yeboah K. Opoku ◽  
Johnson N. Boampong ◽  
Irene Ayi ◽  
Godwin Kwakye-Nuako ◽  
Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Enteric Protozoan ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective:To identify the socio-behavioral risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea symptoms visiting the HIV referral clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 HIV/AIDS patients with recurrent diarrhea. Questionnaires were administered to collect social and behavioral risk factors associated withCryptosporidiumand other opportunistic protozoan parasitic infections in HIV patients. Stool samples were collected for the diagnosis of enteric protozoan pathogens using modified Ziehl-Neelsen and acid-fast staining methods. CD4+cells counts of study subjects were obtained from patients clinical records. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson chi-square and multivariate-adjusted statistics tool on SPSS 16 for Windows.Results:Twenty-seven (54%) of the subjects were infected with enteric protozoan pathogens. The prevalences ofCryptosporidium,CyclosporaandMicrosporidiuminfections were 46%, 32% and 16%, respectively.Cryptosporidiuminfection was significantly associated with drinking water (×2=13.528, p<0.001),Cyclosporawas associated with the type of drinking water (×2=14.931, p<0.001) and toilet facilities used by the study subjects (×2=12.463, p<0.01), whilesMicrosporidiuminfection was associated with hand washing behavior (×2=12.463, p<0.01). Enteric protozoans were frequently encountered among subjects with CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3. However, coinfection ofCyclospora spp&Cryptosporidiumspp was not observed in CD4+cell count <200 and >500 cells/mm3.Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factor forCryptosporidiuminfection among HIV/AIDS patients was the source of drinking water (pipe borne water 76.2% prevalence: sachet water 25%; OR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.39, p<0.001).Conclusion:We report the risk factor for exposure ofCryptosporidiuminfection among HIV/AIDS patients for the first time in Ghana. The contamination of drinking water by protozoan parasites should be a public health concern. These results provide the stepping block to understand the transmission dynamics ofCryptosporidiumand other opportunistic pathogens in HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ghana.

scholarly journals Burden of Fatigue among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsiwaye Gebreyesus ◽  
Addisalem Belay ◽  
Gebretsadik Berhe ◽  
Gebremedhin Haile
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Fatigue is one of the most common and devastating HIV-related symptoms, with a varying prevalence in different study areas. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of information on the magnitude and factors associated with fatigue among HIV/AIDS patients. This may lead to under-diagnosis and eventually under-management of the symptom. Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with fatigue among adults living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral therapy at health facilities of Mekelle city, Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 609 HIV/AIDS patients who were selected by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Level of fatigue was measured by Fatigue Severity Scale. Results: The prevalence of fatigue was found to be 51.7%. The factors associated with fatigue were: Parity [AOR= 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09-3.71], CD4 count 200-499 cells/mm3 [AOR= 2.81; 95% CI: 1.58-4.99], anemia [AOR= 4.90 95% CI: 2.40-9.97], co-morbidities [AOR= 3.65; 95% CI: 1.71-7.78], depression [AOR= 3.68 95% CI: 1.99-6.79], not being physically active [AOR= 3.20 95% CI: 1.50-6.81], clinical stage II or IV HIV [AOR= 3.11; 95% CI: 1.51-6.40] and [AOR= 4.08; 95% CI: 1.37-12.14], respectively. Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that fatigue is a common health problem among adult PLHIV. Factors associated with fatigue included: Parity, CD4 count 200-499 cells/mm3, Clinical Stage II or IV HIV, anemia, co-morbidities, depression, and not being physically active. The health care service needs to address the predisposing factors by provision optimum care so that PLHIV can be encouraged in physical activity in order to relieve the impact of fatigue. Keywords: Fatigue, HIV/AIDS, Associated factors, Prevalence, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Mortality among HIV/AIDS Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-19
Author(s):  
Zaki Mita Kusumaadhi ◽  
Nur Farhanah ◽  
Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Morbidity and mortality of HIV/AIDS infections is still high and as  a global health problem particularly in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Indonesia ranks third in Asia Pacific in increasing HIV infection. A Study on risk factors for mortality in HIV/AIDS patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital has never been conducted. This study analyzed the risk factors for mortality among HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: Case control study, data from medical records of inpatients and outpatients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017.Results: Study subject: Two hundred and ten HIV/AIDS patients, were included; 105 (56.75%) as cases and 105 (9.65%) control patients. The significant risk factors for mortality were as follow: male sex (p = 0.030); age ≥ 45 years (p = 0.035); non compliance to treatment (p = 0,000); WHO clinical stage III and IV (p = 0,000); co-infection of pulmonary tuberculosis (p = 0,000); CD4 cell count < 200 cells/mm3 (p = 0,000); eGFR < 60 mL/minute/1.72 m2 (p = 0.001) and Haemoglobin level < 10 g/dL (p = 0.008). The non-significant risk factors for mortality were as follow: level of education (p = 0.650); Hepatitis B co-infection (p = 0.153) and Hepatitis C co-infection (p = 0.506). The most important risk factors for mortality in this study in were non compliance to treatment (p = 0.003; OR = 3.285) and CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 (p = 0.014; OR = 5.480).Conclusion: In this study, the risk factors for mortality in HIV/AIDS patients were male sex; age ≥ 45 years; non compliance to treatment; WHO clinical stage III and IV; co-infection of pulmonary tuberculosis, CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3; eGFR < 60 mL/minute/1.72 m2 and Hb level < 10 g/dL. The most important risk factors for mortality were non compliance to treatment and CD4 count < 200 cells / mm3.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Current Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 Infections Among HIV/AIDS Patients in São Paulo, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Caterino-de-Araujo ◽  
Cláudio Tavares Sacchi ◽  
Maria Gisele Gonçalves ◽  
Karoline Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Mariana Cavalheiro Magri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Virological Failure and Associated Risk Factors among HIV/AIDS Pediatric Patients at the ART Clinic of Jimma university Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Fozia T. Osman ◽  
Mengist A. Yizengaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Jimma University ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Pediatric antiretroviral treatment failure is an under-recognized issue that receives inadequate attention in the field of pediatrics and within HIV treatment programs. Despite the reduction in morbidity and mortality, a considerable proportion of patients fail to achieve a sustained virologic response to therapy. Thus virological failure is an increasing concern globally. Objective: This study aimed to assess the virological failure and associated risk factors among HIV/AIDS pediatric patients at Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) follow up clinic of Jimma University Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at the ART follow-up clinic of Jimma University Medical Center. A structured English version checklist was developed and used for data extraction from patients’ charts from April -May 2019. Then the data was coded and entered using epi data 4.2 and exported to statistical package for social science (SPSS version 22) for analysis. Descriptive analysis was conducted for categorical as well as continuous variables. Multivariable logistic regression was performed in a backward, step-wise manner until a best-fit model was found. Results: Of 140 HIV/AIDS pediatric patients enrolled in this study, 72(51.4%) were male and the mean age was 9.7±3.3 Years. ABC-3TC-NVP was the commonly used ART medication in this population, which was 37.1% followed by AZT-3TC-EFV(32.1%). The mean duration of antiretroviral treatment (ART) follow-up was 63.8±29.4 months. Among the study population, 11.0% of them had virological failure. Weight at ART initiation [OR=1.104, 95 CI% [1.013-1.203], p=0.024] and WHO clinical stage 3 [AOR=0.325, 95CI, 0.107-0.991,P=0.048] were the significant risk factors for the virological failure. Conclusion: A significant proportion of HIV/AIDS pediatric patients had virological failure. Weight at ART initiation and patients having WHO clinical stage 3 were risk factors associated with virological failure in this study. Governmental and non-governmental concerned bodies should invest their effort to devise strategies for the achievement of HIV/AIDS treatment targets.

scholarly journals Burden of Fatigue among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsiwaye Gebreyesus ◽  
Addisalem Belay ◽  
Gebretsadik Berhe ◽  
Gebremedhin Haile
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Fatigue is one of the most common and devastating Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) - related symptoms, with a varying prevalence in different study areas. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of information on the magnitude and factors associated with fatigue among HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. This may lead to under-diagnosis and eventually under-management of the symptom. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 609 HIV/AIDS patients who were selected by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Level of fatigue was measured by Fatigue Severity Scale. Results: The prevalence of fatigue was found to be 51.7%. The factors associated with fatigue were: Parity [AOR= 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09-3.71], CD4 count 200-499 cells/mm3 [AOR= 2.81; 95% CI: 1.58-4.99], anemia [AOR= 4.90 95% CI: 2.40-9.97], co-morbidities [AOR= 3.65; 95% CI: 1.71-7.78], depression [AOR= 3.68 95% CI: 1.99-6.79], not being physically active [AOR= 3.20 95% CI: 1.50-6.81], clinical stage II or IV HIV [AOR= 3.11; 95% CI: 1.51-6.40] and [AOR= 4.08; 95% CI: 1.37-12.14], respectively. Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that fatigue is a common health problem among adult People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Factors associated with fatigue included: Parity, CD4 count 200-499 cells/mm3, Clinical Stage II or IV HIV, anemia, co-morbidities, depression, and not being physically active. The health care service needs to address the predisposing factors by provision integrated care including timely detection and treatment of comorbidities, mental health problems, and promote physical activity to slow down disease progression and then reduce exposure to fatigue.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document