scholarly journals First report of Penicillium costaricense Visagie, M. Urb & Seifert (Eurotiales, Ascomycota) in South America and a second report for the world

Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463
Author(s):  
Laureana de Vasconcelos Sobral ◽  
Diogo Xavier Lima ◽  
Joenny Maria da Silveira de Lima ◽  
Renan do Nascimento Barbosa ◽  
Roberta Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
South America ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Published Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Surgery Center ◽  
Β Tubulin

Penicillium costaricense was isolated in air samples from a surgery center in a public hospital in Brazil. The only published data on the occurrence of this species is from caterpillar intestine of Rothschildia lebeau in Costa Rica. The isolate was identified by morphology together with the molecular markers β-tubulin and calmodulin. This report is a warning call to understand the pathogenicity of this species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. costaricense in South American and the second in the world.

First record of Stenostomum sphagnetorum (Platyhelminthes, Catenulida) from India

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4816 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
DAIZY BHARTI ◽  
FRANCISCO BRUSA ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR ◽  
KAILASH CHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Ganga River ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Free Living ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World

Catenulida are mostly inhabitants of freshwater ecosystems, like ponds, streams, though the marine species are few (Larsson and Willems, 2010). About 110 species of catenulids are known worldwide, with most of the studies conducted in South America (Marcus, 1945a, 1945b; Noreña et al., 2005), North America (Kepner and Carter 1931; Nuttycombe and Waters, 1938) and Scandinavian Peninsula (Luther, 1960, Larsson and Willems, 2010; Larsson et al., 2008). The diversity of catenulids from India has not been studied intensively; however some reports on other turbellaria exists for the country (Annandale, 1912; Whitehouse, 1913; Kapadia, 1947; Basil and Fernando, 1975; Apte and Pitale, 2011; Kalita and Goswami, 2012; Venkataraman et al., 2015). The genus Stenostomum, however, has been studied extensively around the world with identification of over 60 species (Tyler et al., 2006-2016). This is first report of the genus from India. The present study was part of the project to catalogue the diversity of free living protozoan ciliates from the Hooghly stretch of the Ganga River during which the flatworms were found. The worms were studied based on the live observations, with recognition of characters which led to its identification. This study serves to fill knowledge gap in the freshwater flatworms from India. 

scholarly journals Brucellosis and tuberculosis in cattle in South America

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. e141139
Author(s):  
José Soares Ferreira Neto
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
South American ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The World ◽  
Meat Market ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

In general, European and North American countries, as well as Australia and New Zealand, have already eradicated or reached good levels of control of brucellosis and tuberculosis in cattle. In the rest of the world, however, the epidemiological situation of these two diseases is frequently poorly understood. In this review article, quantified data on these diseases in the South American countries are presented. Initially, the aspects that led the continent to host 25% of the world cattle population are presented, in addition to the aspects that placed the continent at a prominent position in the international meat market. Subsequently the continent was divided into three country groups, considering the size of the cattle population and how well the epidemiological situation of brucellosis and tuberculosis in cattle is quantified. It is argued that countries that do not generate high-quality quantitative epidemiological data on these diseases have serious limitations in outlining and managing control or eradication strategies. Thus, for successful outcomes, at least methodologies to estimate the prevalence of infected herds should be employed.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Whiteflies and Associated Viruses in South America: Research Progress and Perspectives

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Renate Krause-Sakate ◽  
Luís Fernando Maranho Watanabe ◽  
Eduardo Silva Gorayeb ◽  
Felipe Barreto da Silva ◽  
Daniel de Lima Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
South American ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The World

By having an extensive territory and suitable climate conditions, South America is one of the most important agricultural regions in the world, providing different kinds of vegetable products to different regions of the world. However, such favorable conditions for plant production also allow the development of several pests, increasing production costs. Among them, whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) stand out for their potential for infesting several crops and for being resistant to insecticides, having high rates of reproduction and dispersal, besides their efficient activity as virus vectors. Currently, the most important species occurring in South America are Bemisia afer, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1, Mediterranean, and New World, from Bemisia tabaci complex. In this review, a series of studies performed in South America were compiled in an attempt to unify the advances that have been developed in whitefly management in this continent. At first, a background of the current whitefly distribution in South American countries as well as factors affecting them are shown, followed by a background of the whitefly transmitted viruses in South America, addressing their location and association with whiteflies in each country. Afterwards, a series of management strategies are proposed to be implemented in South American fields, including cultural practices and biological and chemical control, finalizing with a section containing future perspectives and directions for further research.

First record and a new species of Megarthrus Curtis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Proteininae) from the Colombian Central Andes

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2916 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
MARGARITA M. LÓPEZ-GARCÍA ◽  
DIANA M. Méndez-Rojas ◽  
JOSÉ LUÍS NAVARRETE-HEREDIA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
A New Species

The genus Megarthrus Curtis 1829 with about 139 species described around the world, is the largest of the subfamily Proteininae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) (Cuccodoro 2011). Megarthrus is distributed worldwide (Cuccodoro 1999) but it is apparently more diverse in the Holartic region (Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002). However, the South American fauna is underestimated because many of the collected specimens are not yet described (Cuccodoro 2011). Newton et al. (2005) cited the genus as probable in Colombia because some species are known from Central America and northern South America, but until now, no species has been published from Colombia. Therefore, M. andinus sp. nov. represents the first record of the genus and subfamily for this country.

The teaching of Latin and South American regional integration by the motto "Nuestro norte es el sur": a postcolonial / decolonial approach to the thematic from the contact with the art of Torres García

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseli Fiorin Gomes
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The World

In South America, regional integration has a plethora of overlapping initiatives. To investigate it, a postcolonial/decolonial approach is proposed to teach the theme in International Relations, based on the the art of Torres García, which supported, with the phrase "our north is the south", the need to change north-south power relations. Thus, it is aimed at forming critical subjects, rethinking the South American place in the world.

scholarly journals Nasal mites (Mesostigmata, Rhinonyssidae) in Sternidae (Aves: Charadriiformes) on the southern Coast of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Silva da Silva ◽  
Simone Scheer ◽  
Gertrud Muller
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
First Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Sterna Hirundo ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

Abstract Six species of birds of the family Sternidae are often found on the southern coast of South America. Sterna trudeaui, S. hirundinacea, Thalasseus maximus, T. acuflavidus and Sternula superciliaris are South American residents and Sterna hirundo, a Nearctic migrant. At least 500 species of nasal mites have been described around the world, and Rhinonyssidae is the most diverse family. These mites are bloodsucking endoparasites that inhabit the respiratory system of birds. This study aimed to report on occurrences of nasal mites in Sternidae on the southern coast of Brazil. Of the 106 birds analyzed, 8.5% (9 birds) were parasitized by nasal mites. This report provides the first record in the Neotropical region for two mite species, Sternostoma boydi and Larinyssus orbicularis parasitizing Thalasseus acuflavidus and Sternula superciliaris. No nasal mites were found in Sterna trudeaui or Thalasseus maximus. One host individual (T. acuflavidus) was parasitized by two species of nasal mites, S. boydi and L. orbicularis.

A checklist of woody Leguminosae in the South American Corridor of Dry Vegetation

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacira Rabelo Lima ◽  
Ana M.G.A Tozzi ◽  
Vidal Freitas Mansano
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
South America ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Taxonomic Distinctness ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Seasonally Dry

A checklist for woody Leguminosae in the South American Corridor of Dry Vegetation was based on published data (286 floristic lists) and collections from nine herbaria. A total of 781 species (117 genera and 16 tribes) were found. The Chaco showed highest species richness, despite having the lowest taxonomic distinctness index (∆*). Data from herbaria formed a large contribution to the evaluation of the diversity of the vegetation studied. Each vegetation type has a considerable number of endemic species, demonstrating the importance of conserving all types of seasonally dry vegetation present in South America.

scholarly journals Population genomic analysis of Cryptococcus Brazilian isolates reveals an African type subclade distribution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Maufrais ◽  
Luciana de Oliveira ◽  
Rafael W Bastos ◽  
Frédérique Moyrand ◽  
Flavia C G Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
South America ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
South American ◽  
Brazilian Isolate ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
The World ◽  
Lineage Specificity ◽  
Global Population

Abstract The genomes of a large number of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates have been sequenced and analyzed in recent years. These genomes have been used to understand the global population structure of this opportunistic pathogen. However, only a small number of South American isolates have been considered in these studies, and the population structure of C. neoformans in this part of the world remains elusive. Here, we analyzed the genomic sequences of 53 Brazilian Cryptococcus isolates and deciphered the C. neoformans population structure in this country. Our data reveal an African-like structure that suggested repeated intercontinental transports from Africa to South America. We also identified a mutator phenotype in one VNBII Brazilian isolate, exemplifying how fast-evolving isolates can shape the Cryptococcus population structure. Finally, phenotypic analyses revealed wide diversity but not lineage specificity in the expression of classical virulence traits within the set of isolates.

scholarly journals First identification of SARS-CoV-2 Lambda (C.37) variant in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Lamb Wink ◽  
Fabiana Caroline Zempulski Volpato ◽  
Francielle Liz Monteiro ◽  
Julia Biz Willig ◽  
Alexandre P. Zavascki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In June 15, 2021, the lineage Lambda (C.37) of SARS-CoV-2 was considered a variant of interest (VOI) by the World Health Organization. This lineage has high prevalence in some South America countries but it was described only occasionally in Brazil. Here we describe the first report of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant in Southern Brazil. The sequence described in this paper presented all the eight C.37 defining lineage mutations (ORF1a gene: del916;3675-3677; Spike gene: del16;246-252, G75V, T76I, L452Q, F490S, D614G, and T859N) in addition to other 19 mutations. Considering that this VOI has been associated with high rates of transmissibility, the possible spread in the Southern Brazilian community is a matter of concern.

scholarly journals Diseases of Eucalypts in Paraguay and First Report of Teratosphaeria zuluensis from South America

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Ximena Silva ◽  
Jolanda Roux ◽  
Fred O. Asiegbu
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
South American ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
South American Region ◽  
Teratosphaeria Gauchensis

Background and objectives: The global forest economy is threatened by eucalypt pathogens which are often latent or cryptic species that escape common quarantine and detection methods. Plantation forestry using eucalypts is of considerable importance to Paraguay, but knowledge regarding the pests and diseases affecting these plantations is limited. This study identified fungal diseases present in these plantations. Materials and Methods: We surveyed eucalypt plantations in four provinces in Paraguay and collected material from diseased trees for identification of the causal agents. The samples were analyzed using a combination of morphological and molecular methods. Results: Diseases encountered included Botryosphaeria stem canker, Calonectria leaf blight, Chrysoporthe stem canker, myrtle/eucalypt rust, Coniella leaf spot, heartwood rot and Teratosphaeria stem canker. Contrary to expectations, the causal agent of Teratosphaeria stem canker was identified as Teratosphaeria zuluensis (M.J. Wingf., Crous & T.A. Cout.) M.J. Wingf. & Crous and not Teratosphaeria gauchensis (M.-N. Cortinas, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) M.J. Wingf. & Crous, that is commonly documented for the South American region. Conclusions: This study updates the knowledge on forest fungal pathogens in Paraguayan eucalypt plantations and is the first report of T. zuluensis in Paraguay and in South America.

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