scholarly journals The role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in pediatric inflammatory bowel and celiac diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (35) ◽  
pp. 1389-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kriszta Molnár ◽  
Ádám Vannay ◽  
Erna Sziksz ◽  
Nóra Fanni Bánki ◽  
Áron Cseh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase enzyme plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier integrity with the detoxification capacity of lipopolysaccharide, the ligand of Toll-like receptor 4. The inappropriate immune responses and the damage of the mucosal barrier may contribute to the initiation of inflammatory bowel and celiac diseases. In the inflamed colonic mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease and in the duodenal mucosa of newly diagnosed children with celiac disease, the decreased intestinal alkaline phosphatase and increased Toll-like receptor 4 protein expression may generate enhanced lipopolysaccharide activity, which may strengthen tissue damaging processes. The enhancement of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in an animal model of colitis and in therapy resistant, adult patients with ulcerative colitis reduced the symptoms of intestinal inflammation. In accordance with these results, the targeted intestinal administration of the enzyme in the two examined disorders may be a supplemental therapeutic option in the future. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1389–1395.

scholarly journals Role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in intestinal mucosal barrier

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (23) ◽  
pp. 1441-1445
Author(s):  
Jun Wan ◽  
Zhong Tian ◽  
Bai-Yu Yao ◽  
Chong Liu ◽  
Jing-Ni He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier

scholarly journals Microbiota-Immune Interactions in Ulcerative Colitis and Colitis Associated Cancer and Emerging Microbiota-Based Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11365
Author(s):  
Jelena Popov ◽  
Valentina Caputi ◽  
Nandini Nandeesha ◽  
David Avelar Rodriguez ◽  
Nikhil Pai
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the colonic mucosa. UC is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease along with Crohn’s disease and presents with varying extraintestinal manifestations. No single etiology for UC has been found, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is suspected. Research has focused on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of UC, including the effects of dysbiosis on the integrity of the colonic mucosal barrier, priming and regulation of the host immune system, chronic inflammation, and progression to tumorigenesis. Characterization of key microbial taxa and their implications in the pathogenesis of UC and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) may present opportunities for modulating intestinal inflammation through microbial-targeted therapies. In this review, we discuss the microbiota-immune crosstalk in UC and CAC, as well as the evolution of microbiota-based therapies.

Readressing the Role of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Alleles in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Colitis, Smoking, and Seroreactivity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastassios C. Manolakis ◽  
Andreas N. Kapsoritakis ◽  
Anastasia Kapsoritaki ◽  
Elisavet K. Tiaka ◽  
Konstantinos A. Oikonomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals The Role of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase in Inflammatory Disorders of Gastrointestinal Tract

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bilski ◽  
Agnieszka Mazur-Bialy ◽  
Dagmara Wojcik ◽  
Janina Zahradnik-Bilska ◽  
Bartosz Brzozowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

Over the past few years, the role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) as a crucial mucosal defence factor essential for maintaining gut homeostasis has been established. IAP is an important apical brush border enzyme expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and secreted both into the intestinal lumen and into the bloodstream. IAP exerts its effects through dephosphorylation of proinflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagellin, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from cells during stressful events. Diminished activity of IAP could increase the risk of disease through changes in the microbiome, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal permeability. Exogenous IAP exerts a protective effect against intestinal and systemic inflammation in a variety of diseases and represents a potential therapeutic agent in diseases driven by gut barrier dysfunction such as IBD. The intestinal protective mechanisms are impaired in IBD patients due to lower synthesis and activity of endogenous IAP, but the pathomechanism of this enzyme deficiency remains unclear. IAP has been safely administered to humans and the human recombinant form of IAP has been developed. This review was designed to provide an update in recent research on the involvement of IAP in intestinal inflammatory processes with focus on IBD in experimental animal models and human patients.

scholarly journals Detrimental Role of Heat Shock Protein 60&70 and Toll-like Receptor 4 in Skeletal Muscle Ischaemia In Vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 77S
Author(s):  
Ali Navi ◽  
Rebekah Yu ◽  
Xu Shi-Wen ◽  
Sidney Shaw ◽  
George Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 60 ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Muscle Ischaemia

Obesity and inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Vladimír Teplan ◽  
Milan Lukáš
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The incidence and prevalence of overweight and obesity has dramatically increased in the last decades and is generally considered to be global pandemics. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising parallel with overweight and obesity. Contrary to a conventional believe, about 15–40% patients with IBD are obese, which can contribute to the development and course of IBD, especially in Crohn’s disease. Although the findings of some cohort studies are still conflicting, recent results indicate a special role of visceral adipose tissue and particularly mesenteric adipose tissue known as creeping fat, leading to intestinal inflammation. The involvement of altered adipocyte function and deregulated production of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin has been suggested in the pathogenesis of IBD. The emerging role of Western diet and microbiota can also open new possibilities in IBD management. The effect of obesity on the IBD-related therapy remains to be studied. The finding that obesity results in suboptimal response to the therapy, potentially promoting rapid clearance of biologic agents and thus leading to their low concentrations, has a great importance. Obesity also makes IBD colorectal surgery technically challenging and might increase a risk of perioperative complications.

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