scholarly journals The role of homocysteine and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methionine synthase, methionine synthase reductase polymorphisms in the development of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (12) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Marosi ◽  
Annamária Ágota ◽  
Veronika Végh ◽  
József Gábor Joó ◽  
Zoltán Langmár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Mthfr Polymorphisms ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
The Developed Countries

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in the developed countries. Elevated homocysteine level is as an independent risk factor of CVDs. The C677T and A1298C variants of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) have been shown to influence folate and homocysteine metabolisms. However, the relationship between MTHFR polymorphisms and hyperhomocysteinemia has not been well established yet. The gene variants were also reported to be associated with CVDs. In addition, the C677T polymorphisms may play a role in the development of hypertension. Recent research evidence has suggested that MTHFR variants might be independently linked to CVDs and hypertension, because of the involvement of the MTHFR enzyme product (5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate /5-MTHF) in the regulation of endothelial functions. Further research is required to investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of folate-metabolizing enzymes and CVDs, and to identify the possible role of the relevant gene variants in the molecular pathogenesis of hyperhomocysteinemia. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 445–453.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF LOBISTRY ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: REALITIES TODAY AND EVOLUTIONARY FORECAST

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
Tikhon Sergeyevich Yarovoy
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Industrial Groups

The article is devoted to the research of goals and functions of lobbying activity. The author has processed the ideas of domestic and foreign scientists, proposed his own approaches to the definition of goals and functions of lobbying activities through the prism of public administration. As a result, a generalized vision of the goals and functions of lobbying activities as interrelated elements of the lobbying system was proposed, and a forecast for further evolution of the goals and functions of domestic lobbying was provided. The analysis of lobbying functions allowed us to notice the tendencies in shifting the goals of this activity. If the objectives were fully covered by functions such as mediation between citizens and the state, the information function and the function of organizing plurality of public interests, then the role of strengthening the self-organization of civil society and the function of compromise become increasingly important in the process of formation in the developed countries of civil society and the development of telecommunication technologies. Ukrainian lobbyism will not be left to the side of this process. Already, politicians of the highest level, leaders of financial and industrial groups have to act, adjust their goals (even if they are — declared), taking into account the reaction of the public. In the future, this trend will only increase. The analysis of current research and political events provides all grounds for believing that, while proper regulatory legislation is being formed in Ukraine, the goals and functions of domestic lobbying will essentially shift towards a compromise with the public. It is noted that in spite of the existence of a basic direction of action, lobbying may have several ramified goals. Guided by the goals set, lobbyism can manifest itself in various spheres of the political system of society, combining the closely intertwined interests of various actors in the lobbying process, or even — contrasting them.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms as risk factors for retinal venous occlusive disease: A literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110006
Author(s):  
Manuel Marques ◽  
Francisco Alves ◽  
Miguel Leitão ◽  
Catarina Rodrigues ◽  
Joana Tavares Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Mthfr Polymorphisms ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
C677t Mutation ◽  
Retinal Vascular Disease

The role of polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a theme of discussion since the first reports of RVO in patients with MTHFR C677T mutation and without classic acquired risk factors for retinal vascular disease. The association between MTHFR polymorphisms and RVO has been studied over the last 20 years producing conflicting results. This review aims to summarize the literature concerning the role MTHFR polymorphisms as risk factors for RVO.

Features of ILM for the 1960's

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (I1) ◽  
pp. xi-xii
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Military Force ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
National Courts ◽  
The Developed Countries

The contents of ILM for the period from 1962 to 1969 reflect several significant developments: (1) the entry on the international scene of many new countries and their establishment of relations with the developed countries, particularly in the fields of commerce and trade and of investment; (2) the prevalence of armed conflict and the use of military force in the unsettled conditions resulting from the decolonization process and from continued antagonisms between the superpowers; (3) the pervasive role of international organizations, both global and regional, general and specialized; and (4) the continued predominance of national courts in the judicial consideration of questions of international law and the shift from general to specialized tribunals in the resolution of disputes by international arbitration and adjudication.

Foundations of International Aid

1960 ◽  
Vol 329 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Jane M. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Individual

The newly developing countries desire not only political independence but also economic progress for their people—a progress which they can see, and are now aware of, in the rest of the world. The role of the developed countries is to extend aid to the needy. Moral foundations underlie the donor's contributions, but they are more than that, they are the means for acquiring support for international aid in the donor's country. The United States must assume the leader ship among' the free nations in granting aid; she must accept this role because of her economic achievements and technologi cal advantages. Donators of such aid should take cognizance of the complementary character and interrelatedness of economic and social development. For economic development, however much it is sought, is not an end in itself, rather the aim is the well-being and happiness of the individual. Such a goal neces sitates economic aid accompanied by social aid. Social welfare can also be a vehicle to achieve peace, inasmuch as people-to- people relationships generate brotherly love—the only lasting foundation for peace.—Ed.

scholarly journals Haplotype analysis of the folate-related genes MTHFR, MTRR, and MTR and migraine with aura

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 469-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A Roecklein ◽  
Ann I Scher ◽  
Albert Smith ◽  
Tamara Harris ◽  
Gudny Eiriksdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Association Testing ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genes Encoding

Aims The C677T variant in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR; EC 1.5.1.20) enzyme, a key player in the folate metabolic pathway, has been associated with increased risk of migraine with aura. Other genes encoding molecular components of this pathway include methionine synthase ( MTR; EC 2.1.1.13) and methionine synthase reductase ( MTRR; EC 2.1.1.135) among others. We performed a haplotype analysis of migraine risk and MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR. Methods Study participants are from a random sub-sample participating in the population-based AGES-Reykjavik Study, including subjects with non-migraine headache ( n = 367), migraine without aura ( n = 85), migraine with aura ( n = 167), and no headache ( n = 1347). Haplotypes spanning each gene were constructed using Haploview. Association testing was performed on single SNP and haplotypes using logistic regression, controlling for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors and correcting for multiple testing. Results Haplotype analysis suggested an association between MTRR haplotypes and reduced risk of migraine with aura. All other associations were not significant after correcting for multiple testing. Conclusions These results suggest that MTRR variants may protect against migraine with aura in an older population.

Association of homocysteine (but not of MTHFR 677 C>T, MTR 2756 A>G, MTRR 66 A>G and TCN2 776 C>G) with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease in Sicily

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (08) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez ◽  
Guido Anello ◽  
Rosario Spada ◽  
Antonino Romano ◽  
Adrian Fajardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Neutral Effect

SummaryAssociation between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism (MTHFR 677 C>T), a determinant of homocysteine plasma level (t-Hcys), with ischaemc cerebrovascular disease (iCVD) seems to be neutral in North Europe and North America. The association of 2756 A>G of methionine synthase (MTR), 66 A>G of methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) and 776 C>G of transcobalamin (TCN2) needs to be evaluated further. It was the objective of this study to evaluate the association of these polymorphisms, t-Hcys, vitamin B12 and folate levels with iCVD, in an Italian population from Sicily. We investigated the association of these polymorphisms, t-Hcys, vitamin B12 and folate with iCVD in 252 subjects, including 131 cases and 121 sexand agematched healthy controls. t-Hcys was higher in the iCVD group than in controls [15.3 (11.5–17.9) vs. 11.6 (9.4–14.5) µM; P=0. 0007] and also in subjects withTCN2 776CG genotype, compared to homozygous genotypes [13.5 (9.9± 16.9) vs. 11.7 (9.6 ± 14.4) µM; P=0. 0327]. The folate level in cases and controls was consistent with an adequate dietary intake [12.7 (9.0–15.3) vs. 12.5 (9.6–16.9) nM; P=0. 7203]. In multivariate analysis, t-Hcys was a significant independent predictor of iCVD with an odds ratio of 1.14 (95% C.I. : 1.06–1.24; P=0. 0006). No association was found between MTHFR, MTR, MTRR and TCN2 polymorphisms and iCVD risk. We have found an influence of t-Hcys and a neutral effect of MTHFR, MTR, MTRR and TCN2 on iCVD risk in Sicily. The neutral influence of these polymorphisms may be explained by adequate status in folate and vitamin B12. Other factors underlying the increased t-Hcys need further investigations.

scholarly journals Role of technopreneurs in indain context

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
ARUNKUMAR B ◽  
GURUNATHAN A
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technology Parks ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Developed Countries

Start-up is a basic thing that a person trying to do something real and new, it has high rates of failure, but the minority of successes includes companies that have evolved as giant and market setters. People who use technology for being entrepreneurs are called as technopreneurs, being born the risk in business in addition to being accomplished the achievement level in innovative and initiative a new kind of product and service to the community. India is enjoying with the fruitful result on the progress of start-up environment which it has been focusing for a long time, the best time for promoting the techno start-up to be apillar of strength in the forthcoming trends. The boom of technopreneurs of our nation had been targeted by the developed countries since 2010. A new benchmark may be set in heavily offering number of opportunities to extent the business, which is also a next level of the start-up environmentin the current scenario and the efforts are taken by the Indian Government. The Technopreneurship's growth and contribution to the start-up technopreneurs in Indian context are catered in this paper and in addition new schemes and well equipped technology parks will be effectuated for the goodness of the new start-up.

scholarly journals Jihadist war or a challenge of disintegration?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Péter Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Foreign Fighters

In this paper we introduce some relevant research results about the role of social embeddedness and social resources in the sphere of social conflicts and violence. In accordance with the actual state of the investigation process the outcomes presented in this analysis are focusing on the activities of the so called ‘Islamic State’or ISIS – considered to be a rather effective terrorism exporter recently. After briefly outlining the broader – global – context of terrorist organizations, the particular characteristics of the activities of ISIS and some elements of the conceptual frame, the study highlights empirically two potential explaining factors of the success of the terrorist organization. On the one hand the influencing network – primarily linked to the cyber sphere – of the Islamic State is explored, demonstrating a notable focus on the developed countries of Europe. On the other hand the paper summarizes the main conclusions from a case study on the recruitment base of the militants in Brussels of the terrorist organization investigating the relationship between the territorial distribution of the ISIS foreign fighters in city and the extent of segregation of the Islamic population in the different districts, including also certain socio-demographic factors to shed light on the significance of the broader – unfavourable – social context.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document