scholarly journals Cervical cancer screening in Hungary – epidemiological, historical and methodological aspects

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (51) ◽  
pp. 2063-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Langmár ◽  
Miklós Németh ◽  
László Kornya
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Single Woman ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Precancerous State

The issue of cervical cancer has been raised again recently, as opposed to other states of the European Union our country shows a high incidence and mortality rate of cervical carcinoma. Although in the 21st century not a single woman should die of cervical cancer, cervical cancer claims the lives of approximately 500 women in Hungary annually until this day. The most typical point of development is where the columnar epithelium of the cervical canal and the squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix meet, the so called transformation zone (squamocolumnar junction). The disease is a several year long process of squamous epithelium metaplasia. This is what provides the opportunity for screening, as by recognizing the lesion in a precancerous state, treatment is possible prior to the development of a tumor. Authors review some epidemiological, historical and methodological issues related to cervical cancer screening. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 2063–2066.

scholarly journals Study on cervical cancer screening amongst nurses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astha Srivastava ◽  
Bindiya Gupta ◽  
Vikas Lakha ◽  
Shilpa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Objective: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at tertiary centre regarding cervical cancer screening. Material and Methods: Validated questionnaire was circulated amongst staff nurses at tertiary care centre after taking informed consent. Results and Discussion: Cancer of cervix is the most common genital tract malignancy in female and it is ranked second to breast cancer. It has a positive association with HPV infection. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have declined substantially following introduction of screening programmes. This present study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses at GTB Hospital towards cervical cancer risk factors, sign & symptoms and screening as they are important health professionals. In our study, the results showed that 99% of respondents were aware of Pap smear as screening programme and about 60-70% were aware of HPV as positive organism, but most of them never had a Pap smear done before. Majority of them did not know VIA, VILI and colposcopy as screening techniques. Conclusion: It may thus be recommended that institutions should periodically organize seminars and training for health personnel especially the nurses which form a group of professionals that should give health education to women about cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection on subsequent cervical cancer screening completion among under-screened US women: MyBodyMyTest-3 protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa P. Spees ◽  
Andrea C. Des Marais ◽  
Stephanie B. Wheeler ◽  
Michael G. Hudgens ◽  
Sarah Doughty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Screening substantially reduces cervical cancer incidence and mortality. More than half of invasive cervical cancers are attributable to infrequent screening or not screening at all. The current study, My Body My Test (MBMT), evaluates the impact of mailed kits for self-collection of samples for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing on completion of cervical cancer screening in low-income, North Carolina women overdue for cervical cancer screening. Methods/design The study will enroll at least 510 US women aged 25–64 years who report no Pap test in the last 4 years and no HPV test in the last 6 years. We will randomize participants to an intervention or control arm. The intervention arm will receive kits to self-collect a sample at home and mail it for HPV testing. In both the intervention and control arms, participants will receive assistance in scheduling an appointment for screening in clinic. Study staff will deliver HPV self-collection results by phone and assist in scheduling participants for screening in clinic. The primary outcome is completion of cervical cancer screening. Specifically, completion of screening will be defined as screening in clinic or receipt of negative HPV self-collection results. Women with HPV-negative self-collection results will be considered screening-complete. All other participants will be considered screening-complete if they obtain co-testing or Pap test screening at a study-affiliated institution or other clinic. We will assess whether the self-collection intervention influences participants’ perceived risk of cervical cancer and whether perceived risk mediates the relationship between HPV self-collection results and subsequent screening in clinic. We also will estimate the incremental cost per woman screened of offering at-home HPV self-collection kits with scheduling assistance as compared to offering scheduling assistance alone. Discussion If mailed self-collection of samples for HPV testing is an effective strategy for increasing cervical cancer screening among women overdue for screening, this method has the potential to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality in medically underserved women at higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02651883, Registered on 11 January 2016.

scholarly journals Equity in Cervical Cancer Screening in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2016 Nationwide Steps Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozhin Amin ◽  
Ali-Asghar Kolahi ◽  
Nader Jahanmehr ◽  
Ali-Reza Abadi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Spatial Disparity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background One of the most important concerns in every healthcare system is the achievement of equity in health. Studies have shown great socioeconomic and spatial disparity in cervical cancer incidence and mortality. This study aims to investigate equity in cervical cancer screening in Iran. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Non-Communicable Risk Factors Survey in 2016 (STEPs 2016). Data on cervical cancer screening in addition to demographic and socioeconomic factors from 15975 women aged 18 and above were analyzed. Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used to assess the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with cervical cancer screening. Equity in screening was assessed by concentration index, and GIS analysis was used to show the provincial indices on the map of Iran. Results Overall, 41·6% of surveyed women in Iran had undergone cervical cancer screening in their lifetime. Participation rate in cervical cancer screening programs varied between provinces; ranging from 7.6% in Sistan and Baluchestan to 61.2% in Isfahan. Being single, living in rural areas, young age, having no education, and being uninsured were associated with lower participation. Concentration index showed pro-poor inequity for the country and across all provinces, indicating that cervical cancer screening services are less utilised by high income groups. GIS analysis demonstrated spatial disparity across provinces of Iran. Conclusions Equity and participation in cervical cancer screening in Iran requires improvement. For this to be achieved, new policies shall have a stronger emphasis on the lowest and the highest socioeconomic population groups, while current strategies have mostly affected the people with middle socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Breast Self-Examination, Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening among Indian Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Olabode Omotoso ◽  
Sucheta Malakar ◽  
Nabanita Chutia ◽  
Ghadier Matariek ◽  
Ghada Mahmoud Abdel-Rafee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Self Examination

The burden of breast and cervical cancer in terms of incidence and mortality in low- and mid-income countries is increasing daily due to late diagnosis, unhealthy lifestyle choices, late presentation, and poor attitude to screening. Early detection increases the chances of survival. This present study assessed Assam women’s breast and cervical cancer screening (CCS) awareness, the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), and uptake of human papillomavirus vaccines. An internet-based cross-sectional questionnaire was utilized to obtain 251 consenting respondents. The mean age of respondents was 27.8 ± 6.91. Only 205 (81.7%) and 110 (43.8%) respondents have satisfactory levels of BCS, and CCS knowledge, respectively. While only 76 (30.3%) respondents had satisfactory BSE practice. Age range (26 – 32 years), tertiary education, and being single were demographic characteristics that influenced knowledge and practice. Though the respondents had a satisfactory knowledge level, screening uptake among respondents is very poor as only 32 (12.7 %) had ever been screened and only 19 (7.6 %) ever been vaccinated. The major reasons for poor screening uptake were “no symptoms” and “not aware of screening location”. Most respondents (227, 90.4 %) are willing to go for screening if well oriented. This presents an opportunity to enhance awareness about screening and vaccination among Assam women. The media/internet and health practitioners can be leveraged to promote the uptake and utilization of screening services and BSE practice. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0304-5 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Barriers to cervical cancer screening among rural women in eastern China: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e026413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yang ◽  
Shun-Ping Li ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Christopher Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

ObjectivesTo explore barriers to free cervical cancer screening among rural women in China from the perspective of women, healthcare providers and women’s husbands to inform intervention planning.DesignA qualitative study framed around potential policy and practice options, drawing on the concepts of descriptive phenomenology and implementation research.SettingThis study was carried out at township level within two counties in Jining Prefecture of eastern China.Participants and data collectionSemi-structured in-depth interviews with 21 women and five healthcare providers, focus group discussions with nine healthcare providers and key informant interviews with four husbands of women eligible for screening.ResultsThematic analysis generated five major themes: (1) gaps in knowledge of cervical cancer and health awareness, (2) fear of cancer and screening outcomes, (3) cultural barriers including reticence for intimate examinations, (4) influence of close contacts on screening decisions and (5) inconvenience. These demonstrate key knowledge gaps challenging current community health education. Important barriers, including fear of treatment cost and the time needed for screening, were also raised.ConclusionOur study details important barriers to cervical cancer screening relating to knowledge gaps, attitudes of fear or embarrassment and the role of contacts and service models. These provide data for policy and planning to improve the screening that will decrease the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in China.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perceived Risk of Cervical Cancer Among Kenyan Women: Brief Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci L. Sudenga ◽  
Anne F. Rositch ◽  
Walter A. Otieno ◽  
Jennifer S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

ObjectivesEastern Africa has the highest incidence and mortality rates from cervical cancer worldwide. It is important to describe the differences among women and their perceived risk of cervical cancer to determine target groups to increase cervical cancer screening.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we surveyed women seeking reproductive health services in Kisumu, Kenya to assess their perceived risk of cervical cancer and risk factors influencing cervical cancer screening uptake. χ2 statistics and t tests were used to determine significant factors, which were incorporated into a logistic model to determine factors independently associated with cervical cancer risk perception.ResultsWhereas 91% of the surveyed women had heard of cancer, only 29% of the 388 surveyed women had previously heard of cervical cancer. Most had received their information from health care workers. Few women (6%) had ever been screened for cervical cancer and cited barriers such as fear, time, and lack of knowledge about cervical cancer. Nearly all previously screened women (22/24 [92%]) believed that cervical cancer was curable if detected early and that screening should be conducted annually (86%). Most women (254/388 [65%]) felt they were at risk for cervical cancer. Women with perceived risk of cervical cancer were older (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.10), reported a history of marriage (OR, 2.08; CI, 1.00–4.30), were less likely to feel adequately informed about cervical cancer by health care providers (OR, 0.76; CI, 0.18–0.83), and more likely to intend to have cervical cancer screening in the future (OR, 10.59; CI, 3.96–28.30). Only 5% of the women reported that they would not be willing to undergo screening regardless of cost.ConclusionsCervical cancer is a major health burden for women in sub-Saharan Africa, yet only one third of the women had ever heard of cervical cancer in Kisumu, Kenya. Understanding factors associated with women’s perceived risk of cervical cancer could guide future educational and clinical interventions to increase cervical cancer screening.

Cervical Cancer Screening Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Current Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Recent Version ◽  
Cytology Screening

Despite a significant decrease in the incidence and mortality of cervical carcinoma in the United States, 10,520 women are expected to develop the disease in 2004, with 3,900 expected deaths. Because cervical cytology screening is the current method for early detection of this neoplasm, the purpose of the NCCN Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines is to provide direction for the evaluation and management of cervical cytology. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org

What Has Changed Since the Introduction of Human Papillomavirus Testing with the Cytology-Based Cervical Cancer Screening System in Japan A Social Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Hashiguchi ◽  
Yoshifumi Nakao ◽  
Atsuko Honda ◽  
Atsushi Kawaguchi ◽  
Katsuyuki Hanashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
City Government ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Screening System ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: Uterine cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer in the world. In Japan, we have an apparently low rate of joining cervical cancer screening programs compared with Western countries. Furthermore, the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer among the younger generation has been increasing. Object: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cytology in Japan. Methods: Collaborating with Saga City government, we initiated a cervical cancer screening system consisting of HPV testing and baseline cervical cytology from April 2011 as a social experiment. A total of 17,284 participants have been screened with this new combination system. Results: After HPV testing with cytology-based cervical cancer screening, the number of screenings done in women aged under 40 years has significantly increased. In addition, the number of women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 has increased (25 of 14,025 vs. 146 of 23,049 under 50 years: p < 0.001). Conclusion: These data suggested that the introduction of HPV testing with cytology-based cervical cancer screening as an adjunct to conventional cytology resulted in better efficiency and more accurate screening among the Japanese population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-reported hysterectomy among Canadian women, 2000/2001–2008

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Stankiewicz ◽  
L Pogany ◽  
C Popadiuk
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Screening Participation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Community Health Survey

Background Hysterectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures among Canadian women. The consequence is a population that no longer requires cervical cancer screening. The objective of our analysis was to provide more accurate estimates of eligible participation in cervical screening by estimating the age-specific prevalence of hysterectomy among Canadian women aged 20 to 69 by province and territory between 2000/2001 and 2008. Methods Self-reported hysterectomy prevalence was obtained from the 2000/2001, 2003 and 2008 Canadian Community Health Survey. Age-specific prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for Canada and provinces and territories for the three time periods. Results Interprovincial variations in hysterectomy prevalence were observed among women in each age group and time period. Among women aged 50 to 59, prevalence was as high as 35.1% (95% CI: 25.8–44.3) (p $lt; .01) in 2008 and appeared to decrease in all provinces from 2000/2001 to 2008. Conclusion Interprovincial and time period variation suggest that using hysterectomy prevalence to adjust the population eligible for cervical cancer screening may be helpful to inform more comparable screening participation rates. In addition, both cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates can be adjusted by hysterectomy to ensure estimates across time and provinces and territories are also comparable.

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