scholarly journals Simultaneous detection of vaccinal and field infectious bursal disease viruses in layer chickens challenged with a very virulent strain after vaccination

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Dobrosavljević ◽  
Dejan Vidanović ◽  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Biljana Miljković ◽  
Branislav Lako
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Bursal Disease

Infectious bursal disease virus is an important poultry pathogen. It is distributed worldwide and causes significant economic losses. In this study, a system was adopted for the simultaneous monitoring of vaccine and virulent strains using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After the decay of maternal antibodies, chickens were vaccinated at the age of 37 days with a virus of intermediate virulence and challenged at 5, 10 and 14 days post vaccination (dpv). The challenge was done with IBDV strain CH/99. Sequencing of the hypervariable region of VP2 has shown that CH/99 belongs to the very virulent group of viruses. The vaccine virus could be found in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and bone marrow until 24 dpv. The CH/99 challenge virus was found in the bursa and lymphoid organs when chickens were challenged at 5 and 10 dpv. When challenge was performed at 14 dpv, the pathogenic virus could not be found in the bursa and other lymphoid organs.

scholarly journals INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO DISEASE)

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Maja Velhner
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Serotype 1

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is widespread in many countries with intensive poultry industry. The causative agent is an RNA virus that belongs to Birnaviridae family. Two serotypes of IBDV exist. Serotype 1 strains originate from chickens, while serotypes 2 viruses are isolated from turkeys. Serotype 1 strains are further divided as classical, variant and very virulent. All the categories of young chickens are prone to the disease. Due to resultant immunosuppression the birds are exposed to secondary bacterial and viral infection that causes additional economic losses. The virus multiplies in the bursa of Fabricius inducing lymphocyte depletion (all strains) and inflammation (classical and very virulent strains). Approximately four days post infection, atrophy of bursa occurs followed by recovery process. Spleen, thymus and bone marrow are also damaged and the intensity of damage depends on the virus involved. Damages of these organs could be detected by pathohistological examination. The inflammatory response in bursa coincides with strong influx of CD3+ cells that take part in virus clearance and recovery. The disease can be controlled by the application of vaccination. Parent flocks are vaccinated with oil emulsion vaccines providing transfer of maternally derived antibodies to the progeny. In this way chickens are protected at an early age, while live vaccines provide protection during rearing. Live vaccines are classified as mild, intermediate and “hot”. Stronger vaccines can overcome high levels of maternal antibodies more efficiently and are recommended in questionable filed situation. Such vaccines may cause destruction of the bursa followed by a quick and full recovery. The knowledge about the antigenic structure of the virus leads to the production of genetically engineered vaccines that could be used in the future.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Demographic Study on Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Faisalabad District

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254605
Author(s):  
Sanaullah Sajid ◽  
Sajjad ur Rahman ◽  
Mashkoor Mohsin Gilani ◽  
Zia ud Din Sindhu ◽  
Manel Ben Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Bursal Disease

The re-emergence of virulent strains of the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) leads to significant economic losses of poultry industry in Pakistan during last few years. This disease causes the infection of bursa, which leads to major immune losses. A total number of 30 samples from five IBD outbreaks during the period of 2019–20 were collected from different areas of Faisalabad district, Pakistan and assayed by targeting the IBD virus VP2 region through RT-PCR. Among all the outbreaks, almost 80% of poultry birds were found positive for the IBDV. The bursa tissues were collected from the infected birds and histopathological examination of samples revealed severe lymphocytic depletion, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and necrosis of the bursa of Fabricius (BF). Positive samples were subjected to re-isolation and molecular characterization of IBDV. The Pakistan IBDV genes were subjected to DNA sequencing to determine the virus nucleotide sequences. The sequences of 100 Serotype-I IBDVs showing nearest homology were compared and identified with the study sequence. The construction of the phylogenetic tree for nucleotide sequences was accomplished by the neighbor-joining method in MEGA-6 with reference strains. The VP2 segment reassortment of IBDVs carrying segment A were identified as one important type of circulating strains in Pakistan. The findings indicated the molecular features of the Pakistan IBDV strains playing a role in the evolution of new strains of the virus, which will contribute to the vaccine selection and effective prevention of the disease.

Biological properties of a naturally attenuated infectious bursal disease virus isolated from a backyard chicken flock

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-509
Author(s):  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Darko Mitevski ◽  
Dubravka Potkonjak ◽  
Dragica Stojanović ◽  
Mira Kovačević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Chicken Flock ◽  
Bursal Disease

The biological properties of an infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus isolated from bursas collected during an outbreak in a village chicken flock in Macedonia are described. The mortality rate was 50%. Two viruses coexisted in the bursas of infected chickens (IBDVwt and IBDVtc). The virus termed IBDVtc grows on chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells from the first passage. Specific pathogen free chickens inoculated with IBDVtc at passage level 4 did not develop any clinical signs of disease. Some discrete bleeding on the leg muscles was seen and the bursa of Fabricius revealed pathological lesions similar to those caused by classical strains. However, the bursa recovered quickly (bursa lesion score 2) by 14 days post infection (PI). We also found evidence of bursal repopulation by means of perinuclear antigen staining. Strong CD3 influx was evident at 4 days PI, and at 33 days PI the CD3+ cell finding was comparable to the control. The mean antibody titre was 9.2 log2at 14 days PI. The amino acid composition of VP2 in IBDVwt (222 Ala, 242 Ile, 253 Gln, 256 Ile, 279 Asp, 284 Ala, 294 Ile and 299 Ser) is described. The same sequence was found in IBDVtc, except for two point mutations, at Gln253→His and Ala284→Thr. Such amino acid substitution is responsible for partial attenuation and the ability of the strain to replicate in cell culture. None of the commercial vaccine viruses has a similar arrangement of amino acids in the variable domain of IBDV. This strongly suggests that IBDVtc originates from a very virulent strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a concomitant infection of chickens with highly pathogenic IBDV and its mutant counterpart.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO) VACCINE IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
E. N. OKEKE ◽  
T. TANIMU
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Active Immunisation ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Full Protection

An infectious bursal disease virus strain obtained from an pathogenic strain that was attenuated in em-bryonated eggs, is produced in a primary culture of chicken embryo fibroblast, (CEF). This virus has been passaged 10 times further in CEF, and is now intended for use in the active immunisation of chickens against IBD. The vaccinę virus replicates well in CEF giving a titer of up to107.5 TCID50 per ml.  In spite of its pathogenicity for CEF, the vaccine has no pathogenicity for chickens as shown by the absence of gross and histopathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of birds infected with it. Immunogenicity is retained and infact compares favourably with those of other IBD virus strains. The vaccine virus does not revert back to its original pathogenicity but can be adversely affected by storage at room temperature and at 37°C. It could however be stored at +2°C to +8°C or lower for up to six months without loss in potency, The vaccine can be administered by mouth or intramuscularly and as low as 50 TCID50 per bird guarantees full protection. However, as much as 125,000 times the guaranteed dose per bird has been administered without any observable changes in the BF of the affected birds. The field dosage is calculated so that at least one guaranteed dose (i.e. 50 TCID50 ) is still available to each bird even after incubation at 37°C for 7 days. The vaccine did not depress the immune response of chickens to ND vaccine intraocular when administered concurrently with it. The vaccine was tested for safety and immunogenicity in a population of two isolated flocks totalling 8504 birds. The immune status of a flock tested was significantly enhanced as a result of the vaccination (Table 6). More than 10.8 million doses have been issued to the field from 1979 to 1982 and the demand is increasing. Every batch of vaccine produced is tested for viability in CEF, sterility in bacterial culture media and for safety and potency in chickens.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolated from Naturally Infected Broiler Chickens in Erbil, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ((E0)) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Ahmed I. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Bursal Disease

The infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease of broiler chickens and the development of a new genetic variant of the virus is responsible for major economic losses in the poultry industry. For this purpose, it was essential to isolate the molecular characterization of the virus from vaccinated broiler in Erbil, Iraq. Clinically, the infectious bursal disease is characterized by high mortality (10-15%) with hemorrhagic lesions on the breast and thigh muscles, hemorrhagic and edematous bursa of diseased chickens. In this study, the Bursa of Fabricus (BF) samples were collected between June 2018 and January 2019. Histopathological changes of the bursal sections showed existence of the cystic vacuolation of the lymphoid follicles with leukocytes infiltration as pathognomic features for IBD virus infection; and homogenates samples inoculated in chorioallantoic-membrane showed mortality in the second passage with varying degrees of hemorrhages. Agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) was positive with specific antisera. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequence analysis of five fragments in the hypervariable region of VP2 gene revealed transition and transversion changes. Among the five recent IBD virus isolates, the rate of identity was approximately 99% as compared with the very virulent IBD virus from Iran (ID: DQ785171.1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the five isolates were closely related to the Asian group with a different percentage ranged from 98-99% while it was 97% in the European group. The local isolate of the virus was registered in the Genebank under the accession number MN48052.1. In conclusion, the isolated IBDVs belong to a very virulent group. In addition, this study demonstrates the spread of this virulent virus to poultry industries in Erbil, Iraq. Further widespread surveys could help in delivering more information on the virus variability and might assist in designing novel vaccines for this pathogen

scholarly journals Studi Reseptor Virus Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) pada Organ Limfoid Ayam Pasca Vaksinasi dengan Metode Imunohistokimia

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Restu Librani ◽  
Agus Setiyono ◽  
Wiwin Winarsih
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Virus Receptor ◽  
Virus Receptors ◽  
Bursal Disease

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) affects economical impact for breeders due to it can cause damage lymphoid organ, especially bursa of Fabricius and causing failure the vaccination program. Infectious bursal disease virus receptors on lymphoid organs suspected contribute to subclinical and clinical IBD incidence in the chickens. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the distribution of IBDvirus receptors on lymphoid organ of the chicken which obtained different IBD vaccination program. The presence of virus receptors in bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus were observed microscopically using immunohistochemical method and evaluated with Image J® software. Monoclonal anti LSCC-BK3 (Gifu University, Japan) antibodies as primary antibody was used in this study. The result showed that IBDvirus receptors found abudantly in the bursa of Fabricius, afterwards in the spleen and thymus. No significant differences of IBD virus receptor distribution within lymphoid organs between chicken which obtained once and twice IBD vaccination. Infectious bursal disease virus receptor distribution in bursa Fabricius chickens aged 23 days received twice IBD vaccination more than once IBD vaccination program.

scholarly journals Chicken Heat Shock Protein 70 Is an Essential Host Protein for Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection In Vitro

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Yufang Meng ◽  
Xiaoxue Yu ◽  
Chunxue You ◽  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
Yingfeng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Bursal Disease

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection causes pathogenicity and mortality in chickens, leading to huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Studies of host-virus interaction can help us to better understand the viral pathogenicity. As a highly conservative host factor, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is observed to be involved in numerous viral infections. However, there is little information about the role of chicken Hsp70 (cHsp70) in IBDV infection. In the present study, the increased expression of cHsp70 was observed during IBDV-infected DF-1 cells. Further studies revealed that Hsp70 had similar locations with the viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and the result of pull-down assay showed the direct interaction between cHsp70 with dsRNA, viral proteins (vp)2 and 3, indicating that maybe cHsp70 participates in the formation of the replication and transcription complex. Furthermore, overexpression of cHsp70 promoted IBDV production and knockdown of cHsp70 using small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and reducedviral production, implying the necessity of cHsp70 in IBDV infection. These results reveal that cHsp70 is essential for IBDV infection in DF-1 cells, suggesting that targeting cHsp70 may be applied as an antiviral strategy.

scholarly journals Genomic sequence of infectious bursal disease virus from Zambia suggests evidence for genome re-assortment in nature

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Kasanga ◽  
T. Yamaguchi ◽  
H.M. Munang’andu ◽  
P.N. Wambura ◽  
K. Ohya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Homology ◽  
Reassortant Strain ◽  
Bursal Disease

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a bi-segmented RNA virus, which belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae. Two serotypes, 1 and 2, exist in IBDV. The serotype 1 IBDVs are the causative agents of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in chickens worldwide and lead to immunosuppression in young birds. Genome re-assortment has been speculated to occur and contribute to the emergence of new IBDV strains. However, evidence was lacking until recently when two re-assortant viruses were detected in China. In this study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of an IBDV, designated KZC-104, from a confirmed natural IBD outbreak in Lusaka, Zambia in 2004. The genome consisted of 3074 and 2651 nucleotides in the coding regions of segments A and B, respectively. Alignment of both nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genome segment A of KZC-104 was derived from a very virulent strain, whereas its segment B was derived from a classical attenuated strain. On BLAST search, the full-length segments A and B sequences showed 98% closest nucleotide homology to the very virulent strain D6948 and 99.8% closest nucleotide homology to the classical attenuated strain D78, respectively. This is a unique IBDV reassortant strain, which has emerged in nature involving segment B of a live attenuated vaccine. This observation provides direct evidence for the involvement of vaccine strains in the emergence of reassortant IBDV in the field. Taken together, these findings suggest an additional risk of using live IBDV vaccines, which may act as genetic donors for genome re-assortment. Further studies are required to investigate the epidemiology and biological characteristics of reassortant strains so that the appropriate and safe IBDV vaccines can be recommended.

scholarly journals Studi Lapang: Penegakan Diagnosis Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) Pada Ayam Broiler

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Aan Awaludin ◽  
Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni ◽  
Theo Mahiseta Syahniar ◽  
Dyah Laksito Rukmi ◽  
Agus Hadi Prayitno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The One ◽  
Organ Changes

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), also called Gumboro, was disease which attacked cells in the bursa of fabricius, causing interference with the chicken's immune system or immunosuppressive. IBD was the one of viral disease that often attacks chickens in the field. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnosis of IBD by through at clinical symptoms and necropsy that can still be relevant on in the field. The diagnosis of IBD correctly, cheaply, easily and quickly in the field is very important to optimize the health care management and evaluation program. The method used was by observing clinical symptoms of broiler chickens in commercial farms suspected of contracting IBD and observing post-death organs (necropsy). The object of necropsy was 5 samples of broiler chickens from the farm. Data was analyzed descriptively. The results of this study was the broiler chickens that infected with IBD could be diagnosed through clinical symptoms and post-death organ changes, so that the diagnosis for IBD cases in the field used the observation of clinical symptoms and necropsy are still relevant.

Prevalence and Economic Losses Due to Infectious Bursal Disease in Broilers in Mirpur and Kotli Districts of Kashmir

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farooq . ◽  
F. R. Durrani . ◽  
N. Imran . ◽  
Z. Durrani . ◽  
N. Chand .
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bursal Disease
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