Pathology of spontaneous tumour lesions in pullets and adult chickens in commercial farms — Short communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Mitsutaka Ikezawa ◽  
Jun Sasaki ◽  
Masanobu Goryo
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Leukosis ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Myeloid Leukosis ◽  
Sciatic Nerves

Twenty pullets and adult chickens, aged 100 to 403 days, from several commercial chicken farms were examined by gross and histopathology. Grossly, all chickens had white-greyish masses in the visceral organs with or without enlargement of the peripheral nerves. Histopathological examination revealed Marek’s disease (MD) lymphoma, lymphoid leukosis (LL) and myeloid leukosis (ML) in 14/20, 5/20 and 1/20 of the chickens, respectively. Lesions of the sciatic nerves in chickens diagnosed as having MD lymphoma were various. No neoplastic and/or inflammatory cells were noted in the peripheral nerves of chickens diagnosed as having LL and ML. These results indicated that MD lymphoma could also develop in older chickens; thus, microscopic examination is needed to identify MD in older chickens showing lymphocyte-derived tumours.

scholarly journals The viral envelope is a major determinant for the induction of lymphoid and myeloid tumours by avian leukosis virus subgroups A and J, respectively

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 2553-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Chesters ◽  
K. Howes ◽  
L. Petherbridge ◽  
S. Evans ◽  
L. N. Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Leukosis Virus ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Tumour Induction ◽  
Lymphoid Leukosis ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Lineage Specificity ◽  
Myeloid Leukosis ◽  
Prototype Virus ◽  
Chimeric Viruses

Among the six envelope subgroups of avian leukosis virus (ALV) that infect chickens, subgroups A (ALV-A) and J (ALV-J) are the most pathogenic and widespread among commercial chicken populations. While ALV-A is predominantly associated with lymphoid leukosis (LL) and less frequently with erythroblastosis (EB), ALV-J mainly induces tumours of the myeloid lineage. In order to examine the basis for the lineage specificity of tumour induction by these two ALV subgroups, we constructed two chimeric viruses by substituting the env genes into the reciprocal proviral clones. The chimeric HPRS-103(A) virus carrying the subgroup A env gene is identical to ALV-J prototype virus HPRS-103 except for the env gene, and the chimeric RCAS(J) virus carrying the subgroup J env gene is identical to the parent replication-competent ALV-A vector RCAS except for the env gene. In experimentally inoculated chickens, HPRS-103(A) virus induced LL and EB similar to ALV-A isolates such as RAV-1, while RCAS(J) virus induced myeloid leukosis (ML) and EB, similar to ALV-J, suggesting that the env gene is the major determinant for the lineage-specific oncogenicity. There were genetic differences in susceptibility to tumour induction between line 0 and line 15I chickens, indicating that in addition to the env gene, other viral or host factors could also serve as determinants for oncogenicity. Induction of both LL and ML by the two chimeric viruses occurred through the activation of c-myc, while the EB tumours were induced by activation of the c-erbB oncogene.

Prevention of painful neuromas by oblique transection of peripheral nerves

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Marcol ◽  
Katarzyna Kotulska ◽  
Magdalena Larysz-Brysz ◽  
Grazyna Bierzyñska-Macyszyn ◽  
Pawel Wlaszczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Nerve Transection ◽  
Proximal Stump ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Neuroma Formation

Object Neuroma formation often occurs at the proximal stump of the transected nerve, complicating the healing process after gap injuries or nerve biopsies. Most such neuromas cause therapy-resistant neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether oblique transection of the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve can prevent neuroma formation. Methods The sciatic nerves of 10 rats were transected unilaterally at an angle of 30°, and the peripheral segments of the nerves were removed. In 10 control animals the sciatic nerves were transected at a perpendicular angle. Twenty weeks after surgery the nerves were reexposed and collected. The presence of neuromas was determined by two board-certified pathologists on the basis of histopathological evaluations. Conclusions The oblique transection of peripheral nerves, contrary to perpendicularly transected nerves, is rarely followed by classic neuroma development. Moreover, neuropathic pain is significantly reduced compared with that following the traditional method of nerve transection.

Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Chicken Astrovirus Associated with Poultry Enteritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Patidar ◽  
D.K. Sharma ◽  
R. Singathia ◽  
P. Suthar ◽  
A. Saraswat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Liver Specimen

Background: Poultry enteritis is an important multifactorial disease. Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV) usually associated with enteritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of CAstV in poultry enteritis cases, its molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis and gross and microscopic examination of intestine and liver specimen affected with CAstV. Methods: Total 604 dead poultry birds from commercial poultry farms affected with enteritis were examined for presence of CAstV. Intestinal samples of four birds were pooled to make one biological sample. CAstV was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) using ORF-1b gene specific primers. Molecular characterization was carried out by partial gene sequencing. Result: CAstV was detected in 20.52% (31/151) of samples. Highest prevalence (49.29%) was observed in 0-1 week old chicks. The partial molecular characterization revealed high similarity of the nucleotide sequence from India (97% to 93%) and from USA, Brazil, Poland and Korea (94 to 92%). Further similarity of amino acid sequences of CAstV from India (100% to 98%) and from USA, Brazil, Poland and Korea (98 to 97%) was observed. Histopathological examination revealed villous atrophy, congestion and atrophic cystic glands in sub-mucosa of intestine. Further severe congestion and hemorrhages along with infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver parenchyma was observed.

scholarly journals A Novel Model of Cancer-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and the Role of TRPA1 in Pain Transduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Maqboul ◽  
Bakheet Elsadek
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Cold Allodynia ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Pain Transduction ◽  
Thermal Stimuli ◽  
Novel Model

Background. Models of cancer-induced neuropathy are designed by injecting cancer cells near the peripheral nerves. The interference of tissue-resident immune cells does not allow a direct contact with nerve fibres which affects the tumor microenvironment and the invasion process. Methods. Anaplastic tumor-1 (AT-1) cells were inoculated within the sciatic nerves (SNs) of male Copenhagen rats. Lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and the SNs were collected on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. SN tissues were examined for morphological changes and DRG tissues for immunofluorescence, electrophoretic tendency, and mRNA quantification. Hypersensitivities to cold, mechanical, and thermal stimuli were determined. HC-030031, a selective TRPA1 antagonist, was used to treat cold allodynia. Results. Nociception thresholds were identified on day 6. Immunofluorescent micrographs showed overexpression of TRPA1 on days 7 and 14 and of CGRP on day 14 until day 21. Both TRPA1 and CGRP were coexpressed on the same cells. Immunoblots exhibited an increase in TRPA1 expression on day 14. TRPA1 mRNA underwent an increase on day 7 (normalized to 18S). Injection of HC-030031 transiently reversed the cold allodynia. Conclusion. A novel and a promising model of cancer-induced neuropathy was established, and the role of TRPA1 and CGRP in pain transduction was examined.

The ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata blunts acute renal failure in cisplatin-induced injury in rats through inhibition of Kim-1 and upregulation of Nrf2 pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisi O. Adeoye ◽  
Ademola A. Oyagbemi ◽  
Ebunoluwa R. Asenuga ◽  
Temidayo O. Omobowale ◽  
Adeolu A. Adedapo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Cisplatin (CP) is a novel drug of choice in the treatment of cancer but its major limitation is nephrotoxicity, which is dose limiting. Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a common Indian dietary component. It is well known for its medicinal properties. This present study investigated the nephroprotective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata (EEAP) on CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods CP was used to induce nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats to study the effect of EEAP on renal damages using hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, histology, and immunohistochemistry studies. Results The effects of EEAP were determined by CP-induced changes in different kidney tissue on antioxidant enzymes, markers of oxidative stress, serum creatinine, and urine parameters. Administration of EEAP (200 mL/kg and 400 mg/kg orally), prior to and following a single dose CP treatment (10 mg/kg i.p), significantly mitigated the CP-induced decrease in antioxidant enzymes, and increase in markers of oxidative stress, serum creatinine, and urinary protein. On histopathological examination of the kidney tissue, there was severe glomerular degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells in CP only treated rats, mild glomerular degeneration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in EEAP pre-treated rats. Furthermore, EEAP activated Nrf2 and mitigated Kim-1 pathways in CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Conclusions The results showed the protective effect of EEAP against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Solitary Schwannoma on the Hypothenar Region of the Hand: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Kastanis G ◽  
Kapsetakis P ◽  
Magarakis G ◽  
Bachlitzanaki M ◽  
Christoforidis C ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Histopathological Evidence ◽  
Volar Surface

Schwannomas or neurilemmomas are the most common benign tumors of the neural sheaths of the peripheral nerves. Incidence of these tumors in the hand accounts to 0.8-2%. The majority of them appear as an isolated grown mass along the route of the nerves. Peripheral nerves benign tumors present many difficulties concerning the clinical diagnosis and only histopathological evidence provides the final diagnosis. In this case study, we present a 45 year old man with a grown asymptomatic mass on the volar surface of right hand (hypothenar) remained for two years and impinging the skin of the hand only the last months. Initial MRI results diagnosed the mass as gaglion cyst. Histopathological examination revealed a schwannoma. We present this case as a rare manifestation of a schwannoma in hypothenar area of the hand. A literature review of diagnoses and therapeutic management is also presented.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Molecular characterization and blood hematology profile of dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustinus oswin primajuni Wuhan ◽  
Aris Haryanto ◽  
Ida Tjahajati
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glta Gene ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract. Wuhan YOP, Haryanto A, Tjahajati I. 2020. Short Communication: Molecular characterization and blood hematology profile of dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3242-3248. Ehrlichia canis is Gram-negative intracellular obligate bacteria that cause ehrlichiosis, a companion vector-borne disease is a potentially fatal disease that attacks dogs. The purpose of this study was to molecular characterize and determine the features of Ehrlichia-infected blood based on the amplification of the gltA gene in Ehrlichia infected dogs from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Blood samples were collected from 51 dog patients from the Prof. Dr. Soeparwi Animal Hospital, animal clinics, and pet shops based on the anamnesis, clinical sign, and physical examination, followed by microscopic examination, routine hematology, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing were carried out on the blood samples. Based on positive PCR amplification and blood hematology profile examination ehrlichiosis-positive in dogs showed that thrombocytopenia case was 82.3%, anemia was 70.5%, eosinopenia was 70.5%, neutropenia was 29.4%, monocytopenia was 23%, leukopenia was 17% and lymphopenia was 11.7%. Morulae of Ehrlichia sp.was not found in microscopic examination. Molecularly, detected of E. canis using the gltA gene showed that 34% of samples were positive results. Then 5 of positive Ehrlichia samples were DNA sequenced, they showed a high homology of 100% with Hat Yai isolates (KU765199.1). There was no genetic diversity between E. canis samples in Yogyakarta.

Lucio Phenomenon: A Rare Manifestation of Leprosy in Selangor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (0-2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Shahrizan Majid Binti Allapitchai
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Multiple Ulcers ◽  
Made In

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, predominantly affecting the skin and peripheral nerves. Lucio phenomenon is a rare reactional state presenting in patient with lepromatous leprosy and described as acute cutaneous necrotising vasculitis. We discussed the case of a 38-year-old male patient presenting with oedematous and dusky discolouration of bilateral hands and feet associated with diffuse facial involvement. His skin condition gradually worsened to form multiple ulcers with bizarre shaped purpuric lesion over bilateral upper and lower limbs, trunk, and face. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy showed multiple acid-fast bacilli and diagnosis of Lucio’s phenomenon was made in the background of lepromatous leprosy. He was treated with multi drug therapy (MDT) as recommended by the WHO guidelines. A better understanding of rarer manifestation of this illness is important for early diagnosis and to prevent significant morbidity associated with it.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue-2: 2021 Page: S20

scholarly journals Tumors Provoke Inflammation and Perineural Microlesions at Adjacent Peripheral Nerves

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cohnen ◽  
Lisa Kornstädt ◽  
Lisa Hahnefeld ◽  
Nerea Ferreiros ◽  
Sandra Pierre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Melanoma Tumor ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Junction Proteins ◽  
Time Point

Cancer-induced pain occurs frequently in patients when tumors or their metastases grow in the proximity of nerves. Although this cancer-induced pain states poses an important therapeutical problem, the underlying pathomechanisms are not understood. Here, we implanted adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma and melanoma tumor cells in proximity of the sciatic nerve. All three tumor types caused mechanical hypersensitivity, thermal hyposensitivity and neuronal damage. Surprisingly the onset of the hypersensitivity was independent of physical contact of the nerve with the tumors and did not depend on infiltration of cancer cells in the sciatic nerve. However, macrophages and dendritic cells appeared on the outside of the sciatic nerves with the onset of the hypersensitivity. At the same time point downregulation of perineural tight junction proteins was observed, which was later followed by the appearance of microlesions. Fitting to the changes in the epi-/perineurium, a dramatic decrease of triglycerides and acylcarnitines in the sciatic nerves as well as an altered localization and appearance of epineural adipocytes was seen. In summary, the data show an inflammation at the sciatic nerves as well as an increased perineural and epineural permeability. Thus, interventions aiming to suppress inflammatory processes at the sciatic nerve or preserving peri- and epineural integrity may present new approaches for the treatment of tumor-induced pain.

scholarly journals Lung Histopathology of Laying Hens Infected by Colibacillosis in the Animal Cages Experiments of the Disease Investigation Center 6, Denpasar, Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Kadek Ayu Trisna Yanti ◽  
Iriani Setyawati ◽  
Ni Putu Adriani Astiti
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Lung Histopathology ◽  
Live Stock ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Paraffin Method ◽  
Neutral Buffer Formalin

This study aimed to determine the lungs histopathology of laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) at the Animal Cage Experiments in the Disease Investigation Center 6, Directorate General of Live Stock (DIC-6 DGLS), Denpasar, Bali, which died from colibacillosis infection. Sample of lungs were cut transversely then put into 10% of Neutral Buffer Formalin, then processed histologically by paraffin method and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Observation under microscope (magnification 100x and 400x) was done for histopathological examination. Laying hens died from colibacillosis infection showed that their lungs were infected by colibacillosis, and there were found 62.50% of necrosis, 75% of inflammatory cells infiltration and 80% of hemorrhage in the lungs.

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