Tetrodotoxin- and resiniferatoxin-induced changes in paracervical ganglion ChAT- and nNOS-IR neurons supplying the urinary bladder in female pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Burliński ◽  
Sławomir Gonkowski ◽  
Jarosław Całka
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Intravesical Administration ◽  
Chemical Coding ◽  
Fast Blue ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of intravesical administration of resiniferatoxin (RTX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the chemical coding of paracervical ganglion (PCG) neurons supplying the urinary bladder in the pig. In order to identify the PCG neurons innervating the bladder, retrograde tracer Fast Blue was injected into the bladder wall prior to intravesical RTX or TTX administration. Consequent application of immunocytochemical methods revealed that in the control group 76.82% of Fast Blue positive PCG neurons contain nitric oxide synthetase (nNOS), and 66.92% contain acetylcholine transferase (ChAT). Intravesical infusion of RTX resulted in a reduction of the nNOS-IR neurons to 57.74% and ChAT-IR to 57.05%. Alternative administration of TTX induced an increase of nNOS-IR neurons up to 79.29% and a reduction of the ChAT-IR population down to 3.73% of the Fast Blue positive PCG cells. Our data show that both neurotoxins affect the chemical coding of PCG cells supplying the porcine urinary bladder, but the effects of their action are different. Moreover, these results shed light on the possible involvement of NO-ergic and cholinergic neurons in the mechanisms of therapeutic action exerted by RTX and TTX in curing the overactive bladder disorder.

Upregulation of LENK and VIP in paracervical ganglion neurons supplying the urinary bladder of tetrodotoxin- and resiniferatoxin-treated female pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Burliński ◽  
Agnieszka Czujkowska ◽  
Marcin Arciszewski ◽  
Jarosław Całka
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intravesical Administration ◽  
Chemical Coding ◽  
Urinary Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Immunocytochemical Detection ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Both resiniferatoxin (RTX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) have been reported to be effective in several clinical trials aiming to cure urinary bladder dysfunction. The goal of this experiment was to study the effect of intravesical administration of RTX and TTX on the chemical coding of paracervical ganglion (PCG) neurons that supply the urinary bladder in pigs. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the opioid family member Leu5-enkephalin (LENK) are both known for their regulatory effects in the function of the porcine genitourinary tract. The PCG neurons innervating the urinary bladder were identified by application of the retrograde tracer Fast Blue (FB), injected into the bladder wall prior to intravesical RTX or TTX administration. Immunocytochemical detection of LENK and VIP expression in the FB-labelled perikarya revealed that in the control group 25.15% of the FB-positive PCG neurons contained LENK, and 9.22% of them expressed VIP. Intravesical infusion of RTX resulted in an increase in the number of LENKIR neurons to 48.19% and VIP-IR perikarya to 11.25%. Optional treatment with TTX induced increase of LENK-IR neurons up to 81.67% and VIP-IR population to 16.46% of the FB-positive PCG cells. The present results show that both neurotoxins affect the chemical coding of PCG nervous cells supplying the porcine urinary bladder and that they stimulate both LENK and VIP expression. Furthermore, the results indicate a possible involvement of LENK and VIP neurons in the mechanisms of action of RTX and TTX in the therapy of overactive bladder disorder.

Conantokin G-induced changes in the chemical coding of dorsal root ganglion neurons supplying the porcine urinary bladder

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bossowska ◽  
M. Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Chemical Coding ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling ◽  
Induced Changes

Conantokin G-induced changes in the chemical coding of dorsal root ganglion neurons supplying the porcine urinary bladder Conantokin G (CTG), isolated from the venom of the marine cone snail Conus geographus, is an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), the activation of which, especially those located on the central afferent terminals and dorsal horn neurons, leads to hypersensitivity and pain. Thus, CTG blocking of NMDARs, has an antinociceptive effect, particularly in the case of neurogenic pain treatment. As many urinary bladder disorders are caused by hyperactivity of sensory bladder innervation, it seems useful to estimate the influence of CTG on the plasticity of sensory neurons supplying the organ. Retrograde tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the urinary bladder wall of six juvenile female pigs. Three weeks later, intramural bladder injections of CTG (120 μg per animal) were carried out in all animals. After a week, dorsal root ganglia of interest were harvested from all animals and neurochemical characterization of FB+ neurons was performed using a routine double-immunofluorescence labeling technique on 10-μm-thick cryostat sections. CTG injections led to a significant decrease in the number of FB+ neurons containing substance P (SP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), somatostatin (SOM), calbindin (CB) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) when compared with healthy animals (20% vs. 45%, 13% vs. 26%, 1.3% vs. 3%, 1.2 vs. 4% and 0.9% vs. 6% respectively) and to an increase in the number of cells immunolabelled for galanin (GAL, 39% vs. 6.5%). These data demonstrated that CTG changed the chemical coding of bladder sensory neurons, thus indicating that CTG could eventually be used in the therapy of selected neurogenic bladder illnesses.

Zearalenone-induced changes in the lymphoid tissue and mucosal nerve fibers in the porcine ileum

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Obremski ◽  
S. Gonkowski ◽  
P. Wojtacha
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Chemical Coding ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Intestinal Functions ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
First Time

Abstract This is the first study to examine zearalenone-(ZEN) induced changes in the immune system of the ileum and substance P-(SP-) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-(VIP-) immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosa, which participate in the regulation of intestinal functions under physiological conditions and during pathological processes. The aim of this study was also to identify potential relationships between selected immune and neural elements in ileal Peyer’s patches in pigs that were and were not exposed to ZEN. The experiment was performed on 10 prepubertal gilts divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=5) where ZEN was administered at 0.1 mg kg−1 feed day−1 for 42 days, and the control group (n=5) which was administered a placebo. The tissue levels of cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which revealed elevated concentrations of IL-12/23 40p and IL-1 β in animals exposed to ZEN. Flow cytometry revealed a lower percentage of CD21+ lymphocytes in pigs exposed to ZEN in comparison with control animals. The tissue levels of neuropeptides were evaluated in the dot blot procedure which demonstrated higher concentrations of VIP and SP in experimental pigs. In experimental animals, numerous VIP-like immunoreactive processes were observed, and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers formed a very dense network. Our results demonstrate for the first time that ZEN can modify the chemical coding of nerve structures in the gastrointestinal system. Those modifications can be attributed to ZEN’s impact on estrogen receptors or its pro-inflammatory properties, and they reflect changes that take place in the nervous system at the transcriptional, translational and metabolic level.

scholarly journals Functional and histologic imaging of urinary bladder wall after exposure to psychological stress and protamine sulfate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuichi Saito ◽  
T. Kevin Hitchens ◽  
Lesley M. Foley ◽  
Nishant Singh ◽  
Shinsuke Mizoguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Urinary Bladder Wall ◽  
Nocturnal Urination

AbstractTo quantify the urinary bladder wall T1 relaxation time (T1) before and after the instillation contrast mixture in rats previously subjected to water avoidance stress (WAS) and/or acute exposure to protamine sulfate (PS). Female Wistar rats were randomized to receive either sham (control) or 1 h of WAS for ten consecutive days before the evaluation of nocturnal urination pattern in metabolic cages. T1 mapping of urinary bladder wall at 9.4 T was performed pre- and post- instillation of 4 mM Gadobutrol in a mixture with 5 mM Ferumoxytol. Subsequently, either T1 mapping was repeated after brief intravesical PS exposure or the animals were sacrificed for histology and analyzing the mucosal levels of mRNA. Compared to the control group, WAS exposure decreased the single void urine volume and shortened the post-contrast T1 relaxation time of mucosa- used to compute relatively higher ingress of instilled Gadobutrol. Compromised permeability in WAS group was corroborated by the urothelial denudation, edema and ZO-1 downregulation. PS exposure doubled the baseline ingress of Gadobutrol in both groups. These findings confirm that psychological stress compromises the paracellular permeability of bladder mucosa and its non-invasive assay with MRI was validated by PS exposure.

The influence of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) on the immunohistochemical characteristics of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers supplying the porcine urinary bladder wall

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lepiarczyk ◽  
A. Bossowska ◽  
J. Kaleczyc ◽  
M. Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Chemical Coding ◽  
Urinary Bladder Wall ◽  
Muscle Coat ◽  
Cholinergic Nerve Fibers

The influence of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) on the immunohistochemical characteristics of noradrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibers supplying the porcine urinary bladder wall Botulinum toxin (BTX) belongs to a family of neurotoxins which strongly influence the function of autonomic neurons supplying the urinary bladder. Accordingly, BTX has been used as an effective drug in experimental therapies of a range of neurogenic bladder disorders. However, there is no detailed information dealing with the influence of BTX on the morphological and chemical properties of nerve fibres supplying the urinary bladder wall. Therefore, the present study investigated, using double-labeling immunohistochemistry, the distribution, relative frequency and chemical coding of cholinergic and noradrenergic nerve fibers supplying the wall of the urinary bladder in normal female pigs (n=6) and in the pigs (n=6) after intravesical BTX injections. In the pigs injected with BTX, the number of adrenergic (DβH-positive) nerve fibers distributed in the bladder wall (urothelium, submucosa and muscle coat) was distinctly higher while the number of cholinergic (VAChT-positive) nerve terminals was lower than that found in the control animals. Moreover, the injections of BTX resulted in some changes dealing with the chemical coding of the adrenergic nerve fibers. In contrast to the normal pigs, in BTX injected animals the number of DβH/NPY- or DβH/CGRP-positive axons was higher in the muscle coat, and some fibres distributed in the urothelium and submucosa expressed immunoreactivity to CGRP. The results obtained suggest that the therapeutic effects of BTX on the urinary bladder might be dependent on changes in the distribution and chemical coding of nerve fibers supplying this organ.

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