Az apolipoprotein M és a szfingozin-1-foszfát tengely jelentősége az érelmeszesedés kialakulásának gátlásában

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bíborka Nádró ◽  
Lilla Juhász ◽  
Anita Szentpéteri ◽  
Dénes Páll ◽  
György Paragh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Apolipoprotein M ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function

Abstract: Previous studies showed that plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are inversely related to risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, in the last few decades it became obvious that beyond its plasma level, HDL structure and function have a critical role in its anti-atherogenic efficacy. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is an HDL-associated plasma protein affecting HDL metabolism and exhibits various anti-atherosclerotic functions, such as protection against oxidation and regulation of cholesterol efflux. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent sphingolipid mediator that regulates numerous cellular responses including cell differentiation and migration, apoptosis and vascular inflammation. The majority of S1P is associated to ApoM containing HDL particles. Therefore, ApoM and S1P content of HDL have an impact on the atherosclerotic process. Moreover, HDL-ApoM and S1P content can be altered in several pathologic conditions such as coronary artery disease. This review covers the currently available data on the contribution of ApoM and S1P to HDL function in health and cardiovascular diseases. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(5): 168–175.

scholarly journals Interaction between adipocytes and high-density lipoprotein:new insights into the mechanism of obesity-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhua Zhang ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Qin Luo ◽  
Danyan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
And Function

AbstractObesity is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and is associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The hallmark of dyslipidemia in obesity is low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Moreover, the quality of HDL is also changed in the obese setting. However, there are still some disputes on the explanations for this phenomenon. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue, as an energy storage tissue, participates in several metabolism activities, such as hormone secretion and cholesterol efflux. It can influence overall reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C level. In obesity individuals, the changes in morphology and function of adipose tissue affect plasma HDL-C levels and HDL function, thus, adipose tissue should be the main target for the treatment of HDL metabolism in obesity. In this review, we will summarize the cross-talk between adipocytes and HDL related to cardiovascular disease and focus on the new insights of the potential mechanism underlying obesity and HDL dysfunction.

scholarly journals HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Subclasses, Lipid Content, and Function Trajectories Across the Menopause Transition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar R. El Khoudary ◽  
Xirun Chen ◽  
Alexis Nasr ◽  
Jeff Billheimer ◽  
Maria Mori Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Menopause Transition ◽  
And Function

Objective: The cardioprotective capacity of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol postmenopause has been challenged. HDL subclasses, lipid contents, and function might be better predictors of cardiovascular risk than HDL cholesterol. Changes in these measures have not been characterized over the menopause transition (MT) with respect to timing relative to the final menstrual period. Approach and Results: Four hundred seventy-one women with HDL particle (HDL-P) subclasses (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy total, large, medium, and small HDL-P and HDL size), HDL lipid content (HDL phospholipids and triglycerides), and HDL function (cholesterol efflux capacity [HDL-CEC]) measured for a maximum of 5 time points across the MT were included. HDL cholesterol and total HDL-P increased across the MT. Within the 1 to 2 years bracketing the final menstrual period, large HDL-P and HDL size declined while small HDL-P and HDL-triglyceride increased. Although overall HDL-CEC increased across the MT, HDL-CEC per HDL-P declined. Higher concentrations of total, large, and medium HDL-P and greater HDL size were associated with greater HDL-CEC while of small HDL-P were associated with lower HDL-CEC. Associations of large HDL-P and HDL size with HDL-CEC varied significantly across the MT such that higher large HDL-P concentrations and greater HDL size were associated with lower HDL-CEC within the 1 to 2 years around the final menstrual period. Conclusions: Although HDL cholesterol increased over the MT, HDL subclasses and lipid content showed adverse changes. While overall HDL-CEC increased, HDL-CEC per HDL-P declined, consistent with reduced function per particle. Large HDL-P may become less efficient in promoting HDL-CEC during the MT.

On the clinical significance of HDL cholesterol at the present stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
V. N. Oslopov ◽  
◽  
Yu. V. Oslopova ◽  
E. V. Khazova ◽  
E. R. Girfanutdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

The leading death cause in the world is diseases of the cardiovascular system, with CHD as the leader in the structure of cardiovascular diseases. The cause of this disease is atherosclerosis. One of the possible causes of atherosclerosis is an increase in LDL-C and a decrease in HDL-C in the blood. Many epidemiological studies have reliably shown that HDL cholesterol reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Data from recent studies cast doubt on this data. The review briefly describes the current understanding of the effect of HDL-C high levels on morbidity and mortality, lists the new approaches to assessing the role and function of these particles, presents the results of clinical studies of drugs that affect their concentration in blood plasma and the probable causes leading to an increase of the HDL-Cin content in the blood.

scholarly journals The Role of level and function of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-127
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
High Density ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Hdl Function

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a set of particles with heterogeneous structures that have different functions due to various compounds including surface charge, size, lipid, and protein compounds. Several prospective epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there is a clear inverse relationship between serum HDL concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, despite this relationship, clinical evidence has only challenged the usefulness of higher levels of HDL-C in predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and have proven that the structure of HDL is altered and loosed function. Therefore, extensive research is needed to identify new agents and biomarkers to improve HDL function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Given that the most important function of HDL is to transfer excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and macrophage cells through a receptor called ABCA1 and direct it to the liver, plays an important role in protecting the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This molecule can provide a strong protective effect against oxidative damage caused by free radicals with intermittent inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory oxidized lipids in the intima layer of arteries. There is an inverse relationship between the ability to efflux cholesterol and the prevalence of CVD. The ability to remove cholesterol from macrophages by HDL, it is a crucial criterion for determining HDL performance, and it has a strong inverse relationship with carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery stenosis in angiography independent of HDL level. Key Words: High Density Lipoprotein; Cardiovascular Disease; Atherosclerosis; Lipoprotein

scholarly journals The Effect of Haplotypes in the CETP and LIPC Genes on the Triglycerides to HDL-C Ratio and Its Components in the Roma and Hungarian General Populations

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Piko ◽  
Szilvia Fiatal ◽  
Nardos Abebe Werissa ◽  
Bayu Begashaw Bekele ◽  
Gabor Racz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
General Populations

Background: The triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (TG/HDL-C) is a well-known predictor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with great heritability background. The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and hepatic lipase (LIPC) gene affect TG/HDL-C ratio. This study aims to explore the association between haplotypes (H) in CETP (based on 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) and LIPC (based on 6 SNPs) genes and the TG/HDL-C ratio and its components, among Roma and Hungarian general populations. Methods: The prevalence of haplotypes and their effect on HDL-C, TG and TG/HDL-C ratio were calculated in both populations and compared. Results: Ten haplotypes in CETP and 6 in LIPC gene were identified. Three haplotypes in CETP and 3 in LIPC have significant effect on HDL-C level, whereas two in CETP and 3 in LIPC on TG level. The H6 in CETP (β = 0.52, p = 0.015; odds ratio (OR) = 1.87, p = 0.009) and H5 in LIPC (β = 0.56, p < 0.001; OR = 1.51, p = 0.002) have a significant increasing effect on TG/HDL-C ratio and have shown higher prevalence among the Roma, as compared to Hungarian general population. The H2 in the CETP gene has a decreasing effect on the TG/HDL-C ratio (OR = 0.58, p = 0.019) and is significantly less frequent among the Roma. Conclusions: Accumulation of harmful haplotypes in CETP and LIPC genes might have a role in the elevated TG/HDL-C ratio in the Roma population, which contributes to a higher risk in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Novel Insights From Human Studies on the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Mortality and Noncardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Madsen ◽  
Anette Varbo ◽  
Børge G. Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function

The vast majority of research about HDL (high-density lipoprotein) has for decades revolved around the possible role of HDL in atherosclerosis and its therapeutic potential within cardiovascular disease prevention; however, failures with therapies aimed at increasing HDL cholesterol has left questions as to what the role and function of HDL in human health and disease is. Recent observational studies have further shown that extreme high HDL cholesterol is associated with high mortality leading to speculations that HDL could in some instances be harmful. In addition, evidence from observational, and to a lesser extent genetic, studies has emerged indicating that HDL might be associated with the development of other major noncardiovascular diseases, such as infectious disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, and lung disease. In this review, we discuss (1) the association between extreme high HDL cholesterol and mortality and (2) the emerging human evidence linking HDL to several major diseases outside the realm of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Impaired High‐Density Lipoprotein Function in Patients With Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna E. Emmens ◽  
Congzhuo Jia ◽  
Leong L. Ng ◽  
Dirk J. van Veldhuisen ◽  
Kenneth Dickstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Hdl Functionality ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background We recently showed that, in patients with heart failure, lower high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration was a strong predictor of death or hospitalization for heart failure. In a follow‐up study, we suggested that this association could be partly explained by HDL proteome composition. However, whether the emerging concept of HDL function contributes to the prognosis of patients with heart failure has not been addressed. Methods and Results We measured 3 key protective HDL function metrics, namely, cholesterol efflux, antioxidative capacity, and anti‐inflammatory capacity, at baseline and after 9 months in 446 randomly selected patients with heart failure from BIOSTAT‐CHF (A Systems Biology Study to Tailored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure). Additionally, the relationship between HDL functionality and HDL proteome composition was determined in 86 patients with heart failure. From baseline to 9 months, HDL cholesterol concentrations were unchanged, but HDL cholesterol efflux and anti‐inflammatory capacity declined (both P <0.001). In contrast, antioxidative capacity increased ( P <0.001). Higher HDL cholesterol efflux was associated with lower mortality after adjusting for BIOSTAT‐CHF risk models and log HDL cholesterol (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71–0.92; P =0.001). Other functionality measures were not associated with outcome. Several HDL proteins correlated with HDL functionality, mainly with cholesterol efflux. Apolipoprotein A1 emerged as the main protein associated with all 3 HDL functionality measures. Conclusions Better HDL cholesterol efflux at baseline was associated with lower mortality during follow‐up, independent of HDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol efflux and anti‐inflammatory capacity declined during follow‐up in patients with heart failure. Measures of HDL function may provide clinical information in addition to HDL cholesterol concentration in patients with heart failure.

Thrombospondin-4 polymorphism (A387P) predicts cardiovascular risk in postinfarction patients with high HDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 1170-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Ryan ◽  
Arthur Moss ◽  
Jeanette McCarthy ◽  
Ilan Goldenberg ◽  
Wojciech Zareba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Matricellular Protein ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Thrombospondin 4

SummaryFew studies are available in human populations investigating involvement of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress-related dysfunctional transformation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in establishing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. To this end, the current work investigated a subgroup of post-infarction patients at high-risk for recurrent events defined by high levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and concurrently high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4), a matricellular protein of vessel walls associated with inflammation, was investigated in terms of CVD risk using multivariable modelling with a well-characterised functional genetic polymorphism of THBS4 (A387P, rs1866389) along with previously demonstrated risk-related functional genetic polymorphisms of CYBA (C242T, rs4673) and CETP (TaqIB, rs708272), and a set of blood markers. Results revealed risk-association for the gain-of-function P-allele of the THBS4 polymorphism (hazard ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.10–3.65, p=0.024). Additionally, von Willebrand factor was associated with D-dimer levels in the higher-risk P allele patients suggestive of a connection between endothelial dysfunction and thrombogenesis. In conclusion, TSP-4, a matricellular protein involved in regulating vascular inflammation, plays a role in establishing recurrent coronary risk in postinfarction patients with high levels of HDL-C and CRP. Further studies should focus on additional effects of vascular inflammatory processes on anti-atherogenic functionality of HDL particles.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the Golgi Apparatus in Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bui ◽  
Isabel Mejia ◽  
Begoña Díaz ◽  
Yanzhuang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Cancer Cell Invasion ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function

The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in normal cell physiology by promoting cell survival, facilitating proliferation, and enabling cell-cell communication and migration. These roles are partially mediated by well-known Golgi functions, including post-translational modifications, lipid biosynthesis, intracellular trafficking, and protein secretion. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that the Golgi plays a critical role in sensing and integrating external and internal cues to promote cellular homeostasis. Indeed, the unique structure of the mammalian Golgi can be fine-tuned to adapt different Golgi functions to specific cellular needs. This is particularly relevant in the context of cancer, where unrestrained proliferation and aberrant survival and migration increase the demands in Golgi functions, as well as the need for Golgi-dependent sensing and adaptation to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Here, we review and discuss current understanding of how the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus is influenced by oncogenic transformation, and how this adaptation may facilitate cancer cell invasion and metastasis.

scholarly journals High-density lipoprotein lipid peroxidation in association with presence of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation in a large cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Pagonas ◽  
B Sasko ◽  
R Mueller ◽  
M Jaensch ◽  
W Dammermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background The function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol may play a more important role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease compared to the concentration of the HDL. Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have been linked to impaired HDL function. Purpose The aim of the present study is to assess a biochemical measure of the antioxidant function of HDL and its association with presence of CAD and AF. Methods Patients admitted for elective cardiac catheterization were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Out of 1231 participants that were included in the analyses, 727 patients had confirmed CAD (CAD group), 369 patients had no CAD (no CAD group) and 129 persons were included as a control group. HDL function was measured in sera by determination of HDL-lipid peroxidation content (HDLox) assessed by a validated fluorometric cell-free biochemical assay and was normalized for the levels of HDL cholesterol (normalized HDLox/HDL-C ratio or nHDLox; no units). Results are expressed as median with interquartile range. Associations of nHDLox with presence of CAD and AF were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Participants in the CAD group had higher levels of nHDLox (0.80, 0.61–1.03) compared to the no CAD (0.70, 0.55–0.93) and control (0.66, 0.55–1.03, no units, p&lt;0.001) group. Out of 1206 participants, 233 (19%) had AF and 973 (81%) had no AF. Patients with AF have also higher nHDLox (0.82, 0.60–10.03) compared to persons without AF (0.73, 0.58–0.98, p=0.03). In univariate analysis nHDLox was associated with CAD (p&lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, CAD, BMI and hypertension, nHDLox was a strong independent predictor of atrial fibrillation (p=0.015) but was not an independent predictor of CAD (p&gt;0.05) Conclusions Reduced antioxidant function of HDL (increased HDLox measured by a biochemical assay), a metric of HDL function, is increased in patients with atherosclerosis and manifested CAD and is also associated with the presence of atrial fibrillation independent of the presence of CAD. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Medical School of Brandenburg-MHB Fontane

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