scholarly journals Neuronalis összeköttetések a szomatoszenzoros kérgi área 3b és área 1 kézreprezentációs területén főemlősökben

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (33) ◽  
pp. 1320-1325
Author(s):  
Emese Pálfi ◽  
Mária Ashaber ◽  
Cory Palmer ◽  
Robert M. Friedman ◽  
Anna W. Roe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Tract Tracing ◽  
Reciprocal Connections ◽  
Representation Method ◽  
Local Input ◽  
Finger Pad ◽  
Area 3B

Introduction: The close functional relationship between areas 3b and 1 of the somatosensory cortex is based on their reciprocal connections indicating that tactile sensation depends on the interaction of these two areas. Aim: The aim of the authors was to explore this neuronal circuit at the level of the distal finger pad representation. Method: The study was made by bidirectional tract tracing aided by neurophysiological mapping in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Results: Inter-areal connections between the two areas preferred the homologues representations. However, intra-areal connections were formed between the neighboring finger pad representations supporting the physiological observations. Interestingly, the size of the local input area of the injected cortical micro-region, which differed in the two areas, represented the same skin area. Conclusions: The authors propose that intra-areal connections are important in integrating information across fingers, while inter-areal connections are important in maintaining input localization during hand movement. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(33), 1320–1325.

Inhibition of Manual Movements at Speech Arrest Sites in the Posterior Inferior Frontal Lobe

Neurosurgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. E496-E501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D Breshears ◽  
Derek G Southwell ◽  
Edward F Chang
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Dominant Hemisphere ◽  
Intraoperative Localization ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Motor Areas

Abstract BACKGROUND Intraoperative stimulation of the posterior inferior frontal lobe (IFL) induces speech arrest, which is often interpreted as demonstration of essential language function. However, prior reports have described “negative motor areas” in the IFL, sites where stimulation halts ongoing limb motor activity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the spatial and functional relationship between IFL speech arrest areas and negative motor areas (NMAs). METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, intraoperative stimulation mapping was performed to localize speech and motor function, as well as arrest of hand movement, hand posture, and guitar playing in a set of patients undergoing awake craniotomy for dominant hemisphere pathologies. The incidence and localization of speech arrest and motor inhibition was analyzed. RESULTS Eleven patients underwent intraoperative localization of speech arrest sites and inhibitory motor areas. A total of 17 speech arrest sites were identified in the dominant frontal lobe, and, of these, 5 sites (29.4%) were also identified as NMAs. Speech arrest and arrest of guitar playing was also evoked by a single IFL site in 1 subject. CONCLUSION Inferior frontal gyrus speech arrest sites do not function solely in speech production. These findings provide further evidence for the complexity of language organization, and suggest the need for refined mapping strategies that discern between language-specific sites and inhibitory motor areas.

scholarly journals Responses of Areas 3b and 1 in Anesthetized Squirrel Monkeys to Single- and Dual-Site Stimulation of the Digits

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 3185-3196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Friedman ◽  
Li Min Chen ◽  
Anna W. Roe
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Single Finger ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Finger Pad ◽  
Dual Site ◽  
Area 3B ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Site Stimulation

Stimulation of the skin evokes topographically organized activation in somatosensory cortex. This representation is context dependent, however, since a different cortical topography is observed in area 3b when stimulated with complex tactile stimuli that evoke the von Békésy funneling illusion. Here we report on the population responses, as observed with intrinsic optical imaging, of area 1 and area 3b in the anesthetized squirrel monkey to pressure indentation of distal finger pads. Individual finger pad stimulation revealed that area 1 exhibited a smaller magnification factor than 3b, as evidenced by a smaller area of activation elicited by distal finger pad stimulation. Effects of paired finger pad stimulation produced largely similar effects in area 1 and area 3b. Paired finger pad stimulation produced reductions in the area of digit activation in area 1, suggesting the presence of lateral inhibition and funneling of information in area 1. Suppressive effects were stronger for paired stimulations at adjacent than at nonadjacent sites. Single-unit recordings revealed a mixture of either a summation or a suppression of the response to paired finger stimulation, compared with single finger pad stimulation of the primary digit. However, the average population response showed that paired finger pad stimulation resulted in response suppression. Based on this study and previous studies, we suggest the presence of at least three distinct ranges of lateral inhibition in areas 3b and 1.

Fine-Scale Organization of SI (Area 3b) in the Squirrel Monkey Revealed With Intrinsic Optical Imaging

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 3011-3029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Min Chen ◽  
Robert M. Friedman ◽  
Benjamin M. Ramsden ◽  
Robert H. LaMotte ◽  
Anna Wang Roe
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Saimiri Sciureus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Intrinsic Signal ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Area 3B

Optical imaging of intrinsic cortical activity was used to study the somatotopic map and the representation of pressure, flutter, and vibration in area 3b of the squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus) cortex under pentothal or isoflurane anesthesia. The representation of the fingerpads in primary somatosensory cortex was investigated by stimulating the glabrous skin of distal fingerpads (D1–D5) with Teflon probes (3-mm diam) attached through an armature to force feedback-controlled torque motors. Under pentothal anesthesia, intrinsic signal maps in area 3b obtained in response to stimulation (trapezoidal indentation) of individual fingerpads showed focal activations. These activations (ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mm) were discrete and exhibited minimal overlap between adjacent fingerpad representations. Consistent with previously published maps, a somatotopic representation of the fingerpads was observed with an orderly medial to lateral progression from the D5 to D1 fingerpads. Under isoflurane anesthesia, general topography was still maintained, but the representation of fingerpads on adjacent fingers had higher degrees of overlap than with pentothal anesthesia. Multi- and single-unit recordings in the activation zones confirmed the somatotopic maps. To examine preferential inputs from slowly adapting type I (SA) and rapidly adapting type I (RA) and type II (PC) mechanoreceptors, we applied stimuli consisting of sinusoidal indentations that produce sensations of pressure (1 Hz), flutter (30 Hz), and vibration (200 Hz). Under pentothal anesthesia, activation patterns to these different stimuli were focal and coincided on the cortex. Under isoflurane, activation zones from pressure, flutter, and vibratory stimuli differed in size and shape and often contained multiple foci, although overall topography was maintained. Subtraction and vector maps revealed cortical areas (approximate 250-μm diam) that were preferentially activated by the sensations of pressure, flutter, and vibration. Multi- and single-unit recordings aided in the interpretation of the imaging maps. In conclusion, the cortical signals observed with intrinsic signal optical imaging delineated a somatotopic organization of area 3b and revealed different topographical cortical activation patterns for pressure, flutter, and vibratory stimuli. These patterns were dependent on anesthesia type. Possible relationships of these anesthesia effects to somatosensory cortical plasticity are discussed.

Functional Relationship of Polymerization Sites of Vertebrate Fibrinogens

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Cierniewski ◽  
T Krajewski ◽  
E Janiak
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Functional Similarity ◽  
Fractionation Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Fibrin Monomers ◽  
Fibrinogen Molecule ◽  
Cold Ethanol Fractionation

Various studies on the interaction of immobilized mammalian fibrinogen and fibrin monomers with some fibrinogen derivatives demonstrated the presence of two sets of polymerization sites in the mammalian fibrinogen molecule. We obtained the same results while investigating the fibrinogen molecules of other classes of vertebrates /Pisces. Amphibia. Aves/. Despite significant differences among their subunit structures, all of them contain polymerization sites homologous to mammalian counterparts. Moreover, due to great functional similarity, fibrinogen or fibrin monomers of the analyzed species of Pisces. Amphibia. Aves and Mammalia interacted in a specific way with immobilized pig fibrin monomers or fibrinogen, respectively. Using these pig affinity adsorbents, fibrinogen and fibrin monomers of different vertebrates were isolated directly from plasma and analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polypeptide compositions of eluted proteins were identical to those obtained for corresponding fibrinogen preparations isolated by cold-ethanol fractionation method. It appears to indicate that the nature of polymerization sites in vertebrate fibrinogens is alike.

The Theory of Embodiment in Quranic Expressions: Hand Movement as a Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Nian Othman Sharif ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Movement
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