Influence of water deficit on photosynthetic activity, dry matter partitioning and grain yield of different durum and bread wheat genotypes

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

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Grain yield, dry matter remobilization and chlorophyll content in maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by nitrogen and water deficit

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v44i3.38540 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 359-356

Author(s):

Mahta Haghjoo ◽

Abdollah Bahrani

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Biological Yield

Out of 20, 40, 60 and 80 per cent moisture depletion 20% showed significantly higher grain yields, biological yield, chlorophyll a, b than the others. However, the highest contribution of stem and leaf dry matter remobilization in grain yield were obtained in 80% moisture depletion and 300 kg N/ha and the lowest one was found in the 20% moisture depletion and 150 kg N/ha. Nitrogen application increased all traits, however there were no significant difference between 250 and 300 kg N/ha.

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Growth and yield studies of Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus in Victoria

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9820076 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 22 (115) ◽

pp. 76 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

KA Boundy ◽

TG Reeves ◽

HD Brooke

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Yield Component ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Matter Production

The effect of serial planting on dry matter production, leaf area, grain yield and yield components cf Lupinus angustifoiius (cvv. Uniwhite, Uniharvest and Unicrop) and L. albus (cv. Ultra) was investigated in field plots at Rutherglen in 1973 and 1974. Delayed planting reduced dry matter production of all cultivars, and leaf area for Ultra. Differences in dry matter partitioning were observed between the late flowering Uniharvest, and the early flowering Unicrop and Ultra. In Uniharvest, delayed plantings resulted in a greater proportion of total dry matter being produced during the flowering phase, whereas the reverse was true for Unicrop and Ultra. The later flowering cultivars showed marked grain yield and yield component reduction with later sowing. Yields were reduced by 160.6 kg/ha and 222.5 kg/ha for each week's delay in sowing Uniharvest and Uniwhite, respectively. This effect was offset in the early flowering cultivars by greater development of lateral branches. In addition, when Unicrop and Ultra were planted in April, pod and flower abortion on the main stem resulted from low temperatures at flowering time. Optimum sowing time was early April for Uniwhite and Uniharvest, and early May for Unicrop and Ultra. Excellent vegetative growth under ideal moisture conditions highlighted the poor harvest indices of lupins and the scope for genetic improvement in the genus.

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Effect of Water Deficit on Accumulation of Dry Matter, Carbon and Nitrogen in the Kernel of Wheat Genotypes Differing in Yield Stability

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1006/anbo.1994.1147 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 503-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R Khanna-Chopra

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Yield Stability ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Effect Of Water

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Genetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlations studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature

International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/ijccsm-05-2018-0048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 672-686

Author(s):

Elfadil Mohamed Elbashier ◽

Elfadil Mohammed Eltayeb Elbashier ◽

Siddig Esa Idris2 ◽

Wuletaw Tadesse ◽

Izzat S.A. Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Content Type ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Tolerance Indices

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to study the genetic variability, heritability, heat tolerance indices and phenotypic and genotypic correlation studies for traits of 250 elite International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) bread wheat genotypes under high temperature in Wad Medani, Center in Sudan.Design/methodology/approachBread wheat is an important food on a global level and is used in the form of different products. High temperature associated with climate change is considered to be a detrimental stress in the future on world wheat production. A total of 10,250 bread wheat genotypes selected from different advanced yield trials introduction from ICARDA and three checks including were grown in two sowing dates (SODs) (1st and 2nd) 1st SOD heat stress and 2nd SOD non-stress at the Gezira Research Farm, of the Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan.FindingsAn alpha lattice design with two replications was used to assess the presence of phenotypic and genotypic variations of different traits, indices for heat stress and heat tolerance for 20 top genotypes and phenotypic and genotypic correlations. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters. A wide range, 944-4,016 kg/ha in the first SOD and 1,192-5,120 kg/ha in the second SOD, was found in grain yield. The average yield on the first SOD is less than that of the secondnd SOD by 717.7 kg/ha, as the maximum and minimum temperatures were reduced by 3ºC each in the second SOD when compared to the first SOD of the critical stage of crop growth shown.Research limitations/implicationsSimilar wide ranges were found in all morpho-physiological traits studied. High heritability in a broad sense was estimated for days to heading and maturity. Moderate heritability estimates found for grain yield ranged from 44 to 63.6 per cent, biomass ranged from 37.8 to 49.1 per cent and canopy temperature (CT) after heading ranged from 44.2 to 48 per cent for the first and secondnd SODs. The top 20 genotypes are better than the better check in the two sowing dates and seven genotypes (248, 139, 143, 27, 67, 192 and 152) were produced high grain yield under both 1st SOD and 2nd SOD.Practical implicationsThe same genotypes in addition to Imam (check) showed smaller tolerance (TOL) values, indicating that these genotypes had a smaller yield reduction under heat-stressed conditions and that they showed a higher heat stress susceptibility index (SSI). A smaller TOL and a higher SSI are favored. Both phenotypic and genotypic correlations of grain yield were positively and significantly correlated with biomass, harvest index, number of spikes/m2, number of seeds/spike and days to heading and maturity in both SODs and negatively and significantly correlated with canopy temperature before and after heading in both SODs.Originality/valueGenetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlation studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature

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Genome-Wide Association Mapping through 90K SNP Array for Quality and Yield Attributes in Bread Wheat against Water-Deficit Conditions

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10090392 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 392

Author(s):

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Sajjad ◽

Yawen Zeng ◽

Muhammad Iqbal ◽

Sultan Habibullah Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Genome Wide

The decrease in water resources is a serious threat to food security world-wide. In this regard, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify grain yield and quality-related genes/loci under normal and water-deficit conditions. Highly significant differences were exhibited among genotypes under both conditions for all studied traits. Water-deficit stress caused a reduction in grains yield and an increase in grains protein contents (GPC) and gluten contents (GLC). Population structure divided the 96 genotypes into four sub-populations. Out of 72 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), 28 and 44 were observed under normal and water-deficit stress conditions, respectively. Pleiotropic loci (RAC875_s117925_244, BobWhite_c23828_341 and wsnp_CAP8_c334_304253) for yield and quality traits were identified on chromosomes 5A, 6B and 7B, respectively, under normal conditions. Under a water-deficit condition, the pleiotropic loci (Excalibur_c48047_90, Tdurum_contig100702_265 and BobWhite_c19429_95) for grain yield per plant (GYP), GPC and GLC were identified on chromosomes 3A, 4A and 7B, respectively. The pleiotropic loci (BS00063551_51 and RAC875_c28721_290) for GPC and GLC on chromosome 1B and 3A, respectively, were found under both conditions. Besides the validation of previously reported MTAs, some new MTAs were identified for flag leaf area (FLA), thousand grain weight (TGW), GYP, GPC and GLC under normal and water-deficit conditions. Twenty SNPs associated with the traits were mapped in the coding DNA sequence (CDS) of the respective candidate genes. The protein functions of the identified candidate genes were predicted and discussed. Isolation and characterization of the candidate genes, wherein, SNPs were mapped in CDS will result in discovering novel genes underpinning water-deficit tolerance in bread wheat.

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Simulated Assessment of Summer Maize Drought Loss Sensitivity in Huaibei Plain, China

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9020078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yanqi Wei ◽

Juliang Jin ◽

Shangming Jiang ◽

Shaowei Ning ◽

Yi Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Agricultural Drought ◽

Summer Maize ◽

Jointing Stage ◽

Two Stages ◽

Yield Formation

In an agricultural drought risk system, crop drought loss sensitivity evaluation is a fundamental link for quantitative agricultural drought loss risk assessment. Summer maize growth processes under various drought patterns were simulated using the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-maize, which was calibrated and validated based on pit experiments conducted in the Huaibei Plain during 2016 and 2017 seasons. Then S-shaped maize drought loss sensitivity curve was built for fitting the relationship between drought hazard index intensity at a given stage and the corresponding dry matter accumulation and grain yield loss rate, respectively. Drought stress reduced summer maize evapotranspiration, dry matter, and yield accumulation, and the reductions increased with the drought intensity at each stage. Moreover, the losses caused by drought at different stages were significantly different. When maize plants were exposed to a severe water deficit at the jointing stage, the dry matter and grain yield formation were greatly affected. Therefore, maize growth was more sensitive to drought stress at the jointing stage when the stress was serious. Furthermore, when plants encountered a relatively slight drought during the seedling or jointing stage, which represented as a lower soil water deficit intensity, the grain yield loss rates approached the maximum for the sensitivity curves of these two stages. Therefore, summer maize tolerance to water deficit at the seedling and jointing stages were weak, and yield formation was more sensitive to water deficit during these two stages when the deficit was relatively slight.

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Variation of Water-Soluble Carbohydrates and Grain Yield in Iranian Cold Barley Promising Lines Under Well-Watered and Water Stress Conditions

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.2478/v10129-011-0081-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 65-75

Author(s):

Soleiman Mohammadi ◽

Reza Kas Nazani ◽

Ayda Hosseinzadeh Mahootchi ◽

Keiwan Ftohi

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

Water Soluble Carbohydrates

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate promising lines in terms of grain yield and water-soluble carbohydrates remobiliza-tion, an experiment with fifteen promising lines and two checks was carried out under full irrigation and terminal water stress conditions at Miyandoab Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Station. Mobilized dry matter content and remobilization percentage from shoot to grain under water deficit (177mg)(11.2%) were greater than those under well watering condition. The lowest (110 mg) and the highest (260mg) mobilized dry matter to grain were obtained for C-79-18 and C-83-15lines, respectively. Water deficit reduced grain yield of barley genotypes by 200-1600 kg/ha, and mean grain yield reduction was 800 kg/ha. Line 14 with 5.880and 5.300t/ha grain yield in favorable and water stress conditions was superior to the other lines. Under water deficit condition, line 14 had greater grain yieldby20% and 38% than the Bahman and Makouee cultivars, respectively. The results showed that greater grain yield in tolerant lines under water deficit was due to remobilization of unstructured carbohydrates from shoot to grain. Thus, it seems that selection of lines with higher translocated dry matter and contribution of pre-anthesis assimilate in grain filling under water stress, the suitable way for achieving genotypes with high grain yield under water stress condition.

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