scholarly journals Ruha teszi a követet? A Habsburgok 17. századi konstantinápolyi diplomatáinak magyar viseletéről

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-36
Author(s):  
Cziráki Zsuzsanna
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
European Family

The paper focusses on a peculiar but so-far neglected theme in the modern-age history of the relationship between the Hungarian Kingdom, the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire: the Hungarian costumes of the Habsburg envoys delegated to the Porte in the 17th century. The highest ranking representatives of the diplomacy of the Habsburg House mostly of West European family ties and traditions – the overwhelming majority of whom had no Hungarian connections at all – wore ornate Hungarian costumes for their official appearances in Constantinople. It is self-evident to wonder: Why did the Habsburg House resort to this solution? and What conclusions of broader relevance can be drawn from the phenomenon? Based on archival researches in archives in Austria and Hungary, the outfit of the envoys can be reconstructed including the particularly accented dolman, fur-lined short coat mente and the Hungarian hat, while the uniquely detailed documentation of the legation of Johann Ludwig Kuefstein also sheds light on who and where produced each item. The research concluded that the Hungarian costume had an emphatic role not only in the relationship between the Habsburg monarchs and the Sublime Porte based on a complex system of symbols, but was also part of the communicational strategy toward the Hungarian estates, for it was manifestation of the exclusive and legitimate but repeatedly questioned domination of the Hungarian Kingdom by the Habsburgs toward both the dignitaries of the Porte and the Hungarian elite.

Turing, Lovelace, and Babbage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doron Swade
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Electronic Computing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Causation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Computing

The principles on which all modern computing machines are based were enunciated more than a hundred years ago by a Cambridge mathematician named Charles Babbage.’ So declared Vivian Bowden—in charge of sales of the Ferranti Mark I computer— in 1953.1 This chapter is about historical origins. It identifies core ideas in Turing’s work on computing, embodied in the realisation of the modern computer. These ideas are traced back to their emergence in the 19th century where they are explicit in the work of Babbage and Ada Lovelace. Mechanical process, algorithms, computation as systematic method, and the relationship between halting and solvability are part of an unexpected congruence between the pre-history of electronic computing and the modern age. The chapter concludes with a consideration of whether Turing was aware of these origins and, if so, the extent—if any—to which he may have been influenced by them. Computing is widely seen as a gift of the modern age. The huge growth in computing coincided with, and was fuelled by, developments in electronics, a phenomenon decidedly of our own times. Alan Turing’s earliest work on automatic computation coincided with the dawn of the electronic age, the late 1930s, and his name is an inseparable part of the narrative of the pioneering era of automatic computing that unfolded. Identifying computing with the electronic age has had the effect of eradicating pre-history. It is as though the modern era with its rampant achievements stands alone and separate from the computational devices and aids that pre-date it. In the 18th century lex continui in natura proclaimed that nature had no discontinuities, and we tend to view historical causation in the same way. Discontinuities in history are uncomfortable: they offend against gradualism, or at least against the idea of the irreducible interconnectedness of events. The central assertion of this chapter is that core ideas evidenced in modern computing, ideas with which Turing is closely associated, emerged explicitly in the 19th century, a hundred years earlier than is commonly credited.

Descartes and Spiritual Exercises

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Kerem Eksen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Spiritual Exercises ◽  
Philosophical Practice ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

The present study is an attempt to contribute to the debates on the relationship between spiritual traditions and Descartes’s Meditations. Taking its point of departure from Pierre Hadot’s inspiring studies, the article aims to describe the nature of the philosophical practice that Meditations embodies and to discuss the ways in which the work can be located in the history of the relations between theory and practice. To this end, Hadot’s suggestion that Meditations should be read as a set of spiritual exercises will be criticized through an analysis of the nature of the “non-argumentative” or “experiential” level that is at work in Descartes’s text. By showing that the transformation intended by Descartes does not reach beyond the level of cognition, it will be argued that even though Descartes makes use of certain key elements of the spiritualist literature, he belongs to the modern age of “philosophy without spirituality.”

scholarly journals Hagyományos időmérés a modern korban

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztián Horváth ◽  
Zsófia Keller
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Exact Time ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Local Noon

Az egri Líceum nem csak, mint műemlék fontos épülete a városnak, hanem tudománytörténeti jelentősége is elvitathatatlan. Alapításakor európai szinten is egyedülálló csillagászati felszereltséggel rendelkezett (Monk, 2013). Erre az eszközrendszerre alapozva egy olyan komplex rendszer megvalósítását tűztük ki célul, amely képes detektálni és jelezni a helyi dél időpontját a Líceum építésekor kijelölt meridián vonal felhasználásával a hagyományoknak megfelelően. Tudománytörténeti szempontból érdeklődésre tarthat számot egy ilyen rendszer működése, de fontosnak tartottuk, hogy későbbi feldolgozás érdekében rendelkezzen naplózási funkcióval is. ----- Traditional timing in the modern age ----- The Lyceum in Eger, while being one of the most known Monuments of the city, plays an import- ant role in the history of science. When it was founded, it became one of the best equipped observatories in Europe. Knowing this, our goal is to use its equipment to build a complex system that is able to determine the exact time of the local noon, using the meridian line that was created during the construction of the building. While our primary goal was to research and realize how a system like that could work at its core, a logging feature has also been implemented in the system for later reuse of the data.

scholarly journals The Control of The Kadi and The Muhtesib on The Urban Guilds in The Ottoman Empire

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-247
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hefni
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Craft Guilds ◽  
The Relationship

Success of the Ottoman empire as one of the greatest, most extensive, and longest-lasting empires in the history of the world could not be released from the efforts of the government to organize the state throught establishment various institutions. Among them are judicials instititution such as kadi courts and Hisbah institutions which was led by a muhtesib. Therefore, this paper discusses the relationship and the interaction between the kadi and the muhtesib in the Ottoman empire, and their historical roots in the periods before. The position of a kadi and a muhesib has existed in periods before the Ottoman empire. A kadi has existed since the Prophet Muhammad pbuh period. While, a muhtesib historically has began in the Greco-Roman agoranomos. In the Ottoman empire, both became important governmental functions. They had the power to pronounce decisions on everything connected with the sharî'a and the Sultanic law. They played roles in controlling urban life, its economic activities in particular. All the production and manufacturing activities in the cities that were carried out within the framework of the guild organization was under the control of the kadi and the muhtesib. For example a craft guilds and a creditor guilds.  

scholarly journals The Influence of Pan-Slavic Ideologies on Kosovar School Texts: Implications for Diplomatic Relations with Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blerina Rexha
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Historical works produced by Kosovars are currently at the centre of diplomatic concerns. Today Turkey is one of Kosovo’s closest allies, but Turkish scholars and government officials are particularly critical of the way the history of the Ottoman Empire is being taught in Kosovo’s schools. In this article I consider how Pan-Slavic ideologies have influenced the writing of Kosovar Albanian histories, particularly during theYugoslav socialist era. I draw on research concerning the relationship between bias in historical textbooks and international conflict. Exploring examples of historical literature currently being taught in Kosovo’s primary and secondary schools, I analyse the discourses espoused by Kosovar historians in depicting the history of the Ottoman Empire. I argue that some of the Turkish criticisms are valid and hence there is need to revise historical texts used in Kosovo’s schools. In particular, there is a need to provide more objective accounts of Kosovar Albanian history in classrooms, especially as regards anti-Ottomanism and the Pan-Slavism. The amendment of Kosovar historical texts in schools would not only provide students with a more accurate and informed interpretation of the past, but also contribute to efforts seeking to improve diplomatic relations.

Facetas da história: Reflexões sobre práticas e representações na antiguidade e medievo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Costa Aciole da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Teacher Researchers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
Professional Teaching ◽  
The Relationship

The reflections on teacher training must be articulated with themes that go through the process of building teacher researchers. In our degree in History in IFG campus Goiânia, we have endeavored to constitute practices that are capable of collaborating with the construction of the teaching identity linked to research. In this sense, the research presented here demonstrates the importance of the articulation between academic research and the professional field for the construction of teachers. We propose, in this work, to present an accentuated scope of reflections from the researchers who completed their training process at the institution as well as from the researchers (students and professor) who still remain at the institution. The themes and space-time cuts presented here have a great variety. They go from the Ancient world to the Modern Age, go through the History of medicine and the History of education, treat food as medicament and vomit as a therapeutic practice. Anyway, it is a work that has placed everyone (teacher, undergraduate and graduate students) to actively exercise the relationship between theory, research and professional teaching practice.

Imperial Subjects and Beneficence

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Nathalie Soursos ◽  
Stefano Saracino ◽  
Maria A. Stassinopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Tanzimat Reforms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

This introduction describes the challenge of comparing beneficence practices in the Ottoman Empire and in the Habsburg Empire, which led to the workshop behind the Special Issue. Lenses proposed by histoire comparée and micro-history, this text argues, may supplement each other in this task. The editors’ research on Greek Orthodox merchants, who migrated from the Ottoman Empire into the Habsburg Lands and left rich archival sources connected to their beneficence, illustrates the possibility of not only micro-historically reconstructing their endowments (or other beneficiary practices), but to relate them to the entangled history of the Ottoman and the Habsburg Empire – two imperial spaces that both shaped the cultural horizon and the administrative and legal options of the founders and overseers of endowments. The contributions of the invited workshop guests introduce questions of changing moral views on philanthropy in Central Europe, confessional parallels and differences in beneficent attitudes of small migrant communities and on generational patterns in creating and administrating endowments. Continuity and change in the relationship between traditions of philanthropy and changing political and socio-economical environments are addressed particularly as regards the transition from the Byzantine to the Ottoman system, the importance of state-organized philanthropy for the Ottoman economy of the 17th century and finally the contesting models of private and ecclesiastical beneficence among the Greek Orthodox after the Tanzimat reforms.

scholarly journals Turkish Manuscripts Important Historical Source On The History Of The Relationship Between The Central Asian Khanets And The Ottoman Empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Zumrad Rakhmonkulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyzes information on the history of the relationship between the Central Asian Khanets and the Ottoman empire by Turkish manuscripts. The paper also analyzes the history of caravan routes and trade relations between the two countries, written by medieval historians such as H. Vamberi, Miyona Buzruk, Abdurazzak Samarkandi, Seydi Ali Rais, Mehmet Emin Efendi.

scholarly journals Venetians and Ottomans in the Early Modern Age

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Valerio
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Social History ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Relationship

The present volume, a collection of papers focusing on Venice and those former Venetian colonies which passed to the Ottoman Empire during the early Modern age, retraces the relationship between Venetians and Ottomans in terms of their economic and social history from the end of the XV to the XVIII century showing the permeability of the ruling forces of these two great empires within a continuous and changing stream.

scholarly journals Heidegger and Blumenberg on modernity

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Negru
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The debate surrounding the way in which Heidegger and Blumenberg understand the modern age is an opportunity to discuss two different approaches to history. On one hand, from Heidegger's perspective, history should be understood as starting from how Western thought related to Being, which, in metaphysical thinking, took the form of the forgetfulness of Being. Thus, the modern age represents the last stage in the process of forgetfulness of Being, which announces the moment of the rethinking of the relationship with Being by appealing to the authentic disclosure of Being. On the other hand, Blumenberg understands history as the result of the reoccupation process, which means replacing old theories with other new ones. Thus, to the historical approach it is not important to identify epochs as periods of time between two events, but to think about the discontinuities occurring throughout history. Starting from here, the modern age will be thought of not as an expression of the radicalization of the forgetfulness of Being, but as a response to the crises of medieval conceptions. For the same reason, the interpretation of history as a history of the forgetfulness of Being is considered by Blumenberg to subordinate history to an absolute principle, without taking into account its protagonists' needs and necessities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document