scholarly journals Competitive pressure and technological degree of the product portfolio: Implications for firm performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-229
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Szilárd Sebrek ◽  
Betsabé Pérez Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The Eu

This paper seeks to illuminate empirically a class of drivers of firm performance hitherto neglected in the economic literature. To accomplish this objective, we distinguished three elements: sales volume, participation in technology alliancing, and successful patent issuing. Our findings suggest that competitive pressure posed by larger rivals in an industry affects sales performance negatively, but the possession of absorptive capacity can counter this deleterious effect. Findings regarding the effects caused by a product portfolio with high technological content are mixed. Depending on the performance measure applied, the results show evidence of adverse outcomes for sales, U-shaped effects for participation in technology alliancing and inverted U-shaped results for patenting. We obtained our raw data from the 2006 and 2008 PITEC database, which is the Spanish equivalent of the EU Community Innovation Survey. Our sample embraces more than 3000 firms.

scholarly journals The Influence of Founder Status on Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Canadian IPO Firms

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Dan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Firm Survival ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Tobin’S Q ◽  
Tobin's Q ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
Income Stream

<p>This study compares performance for founder-managed firms and professional-managed firms by analyzing 138 Canadian IPO firms that went public from 2004 to 2013. In this paper, we measure firm performance in two ways: Tobin’s Q and ROA are used to measure a firm’s financial performance, while firm survival status is used as a supplementary performance measure. We find that founder-managed firms underperform and underlive their counterparts when firm performance is measured by Tobin’s Q and survival status. Founder status is proved to be unrelated to ROA. The negative influence of founder status can be explained by the relevant transaction hypothesis, which states that founder-managers may act for the controlling family and are more concerned with the associated private income stream than with maximizing the value of the firm.</p>

Gait speed and adverse outcomes following hospitalised exacerbation of COPD

2021 ◽  
pp. 2004047
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Walsh ◽  
Ruth E. Barker ◽  
Samantha S.C. Kon ◽  
Sarah E. Jones ◽  
Winston Banya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Subdistribution Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Four-metre gait speed (4MGS) is a simple physical performance measure and surrogate marker of frailty that is associated with adverse outcomes in older adults. We aimed to assess the ability of 4MGS to predict prognosis in patients hospitalised with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD).213 participants hospitalised with AECOPD (52% male, mean age and FEV1, 72 years and 35% predicted) were enrolled. 4MGS and baseline demographics were recorded at hospital discharge. All-cause readmission and mortality were collected for 1 y after discharge, and multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression were performed. Kaplan-Meier and Competing risk analysis was conducted comparing time to all-cause readmission and mortality between 4MGS quartiles.111 participants (52%) were readmitted, and 35 (16%) died during the follow-up period. 4MGS was associated with all-cause readmission, with an adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio of 0.868 (95% CI 0.797–0.945; p=0.001) per 0.1 m·s−1 increase in gait speed, and with all-cause mortality with an adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio of 0.747 (95% CI: 0.622–0.898; p=0.002) per 0.1 m·s−1 increase in gait speed. Readmission and mortality models incorporating 4MGS had higher discrimination than age or FEV1% predicted alone, with areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves of 0.73 and 0.80 respectively. Kaplan-Meier and Competing Risk curves demonstrated that those in slower gait speed quartiles had reduced time to readmission and mortality (log rank both p<0.001).4MGS provides a simple means of identifying at-risk patients with COPD at hospital discharge. This provides valuable information to plan post-discharge care and support.

Hyperglycemia After Cardiac Surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Lynda Stoodley ◽  
Shu-Fen Wung
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surgical Care Improvement Project

Background The Surgical Care Improvement Project #4 (SCIP#4) performance measure is used to evaluate achievement of target blood glucose control after cardiac surgery. Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify patient characteristics and outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery who met the SCIP#4 performance measure versus those who did not. Methods A retrospective case-control design was used. Results Preoperative hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level and history of diabetes were 2 major risk factors for failing to meet the SCIP#4 measure. A trend toward a longer length of stay was observed, mortality was 3 times more prevalent, and renal failure was 4 times more frequent in patients who did not meet the SCIP#4 quality measure. Conclusions Not meeting the SCIP#4 measure is associated with adverse outcomes. History of diabetes and preoperative HbAIC level should be considered when evaluating strategies for managing postsurgical hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals High-Growth Firms in European Countries: the Role of Innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (75) ◽  
pp. 637-670
Author(s):  
Agusti Segarra Blasco ◽  
Mercedes Teruel ◽  
Elisenda Jové-Llopis
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Community Innovation Survey ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Growth Firms ◽  
New Eu Members ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the role that R&D and innovation has on the likelihood of a firm becoming a High-Growth Firm (HGF). The microdata is from the Community Innovation Survey provided by Eurostat, it covers the period 2008–2010, and we classify the EU countries into three clusters: Core countries, Mediterranean countries, and New EU Members. Our results show that there are large differences between each cluster. Technological innovations promote the likelihood of Core countries becoming an HGF, non-technological innovations are a key determinant for Mediterranean countries, and in New EU members the drivers are more related to firm characteristics and international trade.

Analyzing Performance Implications of Selected Audit Committee Characteristics: A Study of Indian Corporate Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivan Sarpal
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Accounting Performance ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Nonlinear Fashion ◽  
Curvilinear Effect

The present research work mainly focuses on the audit committee as a key to ensure a sound corporate governance framework in the companies. The insights from the present research work are a novel attempt to figure out the influence of selected audit committee characteristics on the performance of companies listed in India. Results suggest that audit committee size has a curvilinear effect on firm market valuation having an inflexion point of four directors comprising the members of the audit committee. Furthermore, the independent directors on the audit committee start contributing toward better firm accounting performance only after they constitute more than the majority. The audit committee activity has also demonstrated a significant relationship with firm performance in a nonlinear fashion. The above findings have been robust to the several alternative empirical tests and modifications. It also reveals that the findings solely based upon the linear testing of influence of audit committee characteristics are not conclusive in nature. Moreover, the findings generated from the characteristics of audit committee–firm performance association in this study are contingent upon the nature of performance measure being adopted. In relation to it, suitable implications and propositions have been quoted in the last section so as to offer directions to the interested parties.

Salesperson Solution Involvement and Sales Performance: The Contingent Role of Supplier Firm and Customer–Supplier Relationship Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos G. Panagopoulos ◽  
Adam A. Rapp ◽  
Jessica L. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Sales Performance ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Relational Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Supplier Relationship

Salespeople play a crucial role in their firms’ efforts to provide customer solutions. However, little research has examined how salesperson involvement in customer solutions can be conceptualized, whether it pays off, and what boundary conditions might heighten its performance effects. This study addresses these gaps and offers a conceptualization of salesperson solution involvement by focusing on the set of salesperson-related activities that enact the four relational processes inherent in customer solutions. The authors collect a unique data set that includes a wide range of firms, industries, and countries, as well as the perspectives of both salespeople and customers, across five studies. Results validate the stability of the conceptualization across contexts. They also reveal that salesperson solution involvement is systematically related to increases in both subjective and objective, time-lagged measures of sales performance. Finally, results show that the performance effects of salesperson solution involvement are amplified under higher levels of firm's product portfolio scope, sales unit cross-functional cooperation, and customer–supplier relationship tie strength. Surprisingly, customer adaptiveness is not found to moderate the performance effects of salesperson solution involvement.

“Sham” Litigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-689
Author(s):  
Ioannis Lianos ◽  
Pierre Regibeau
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Litigation Process ◽  
Operational Tests ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

In both the U.S. and the EU, the antitrust category of “sham litigation” (in the U.S.) or “vexatious litigation” (in the EU) enables a plaintiff, or a defendant in case this action forms part of a counterclaim, to argue that the introduction of litigation may constitute, under certain conditions, an infringement of competition law. This naturally leads to the question of what is a workable standard for establishing the existence of sham litigation, and how it is possible to distinguish between the legitimate use of the regulatory/litigation process and strategic attempts to use the process in order to restrict competition. Legal and economic literature, as well as the courts, have struggled to define operational tests enabling them to determine the boundaries of the “sham”/“vexatious” litigation antitrust category. This article examines the intellectual underpinnings of this form of abusive/anticompetitive conduct and puts forward a “mechanism design approach” with the aim to reduce the occurrence of sham litigation.

scholarly journals Blockholders and Firm Performance: A Malaysian Evidence

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Imani Mokhtar ◽  
Sharifah Raihan Syed Mohd Zain ◽  
Jarita Duasa ◽  
Azhar Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Board Governance ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Investment Portfolios

This study enhances the corporate governance literature by investigating the influence of blockholders on firm performance. Employing panel data estimations, this study works on a sample of 526 non-financial listed firms in Malaysia from 2006 to 2015. Overall, our findings reveal that firm performance is negatively associated with blockholders presence but positively related to blockholders total ownership concentration. Further examinations reveal that identity of blockholders matters in influencing performance of the firm. We also found that board governance mechanisms particularly independent directors and CEO duality play a significant monitoring role in relation to firm performance. More importantly, our findings are robust to a wide variety of performance measure which includes accounting, market and value based measures. Finally, findings of our study could facilitate the regulatory bodies and firm managers in promoting better and effective corporate governance in Malaysia. Investors may also benefit from our findings in understanding corporate governance of Malaysian firms and thus diversify their investment portfolios.

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