scholarly journals Low wages – Coincidence or a result? Evidence from Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Ryczkowski ◽  
Monika Maksim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Wages

The article evaluates the influence of a wide range of socio-demographic, job and company-related characteristics on the likelihood of low earnings by applying logistic regression on a broad range of Labour Force Survey data. We evidenced that the average impact of the company-related characteristics is three times stronger than the impact of personal characteristics. We also found that working full-time considerably decreases this risk of low wages, but company-related and personal characteristics (except for the kind of company’s economic activity) have not provided a rent (benefit) from working full-time. The underlying conclusion is that reforms decreasing the size of the low-wage sector in the former transition countries should be focused on targeted employment programmes enhancing transitions to more profitable economic activities instead of possibly maintaining the unprofitable industries at all costs. Additionally, the reforms should be concentrated on introducing employment regulations to harmonise the rules of employment among all contract types, which would put the part-timers and the underemployed on a more equal footing with fulltime workers especially in terms of pension schemes and access to training.

scholarly journals The Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivators on IT professionals. Case of Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gribanova
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Extrinsic Motivators ◽  
Intrinsic Motivators ◽  
The Impact

Research background: In contemporary environment and conditions of globalization, IT professionals become significant part of labour force for every organization, which needs to be competitive in the market. This paper, on one hand, demonstrates how employees can be involved in production process, and, on the other hand, it helps to observe the interconnection between theory and practical application of management. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the research was in defining and determining the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators for IT professionals in Latvia. Methods: The data for the research was collected with the help of online survey held in December 2019 using online survey panels. The targeting criteria for the respondents was the employment on position of IT employee, company located in Latvia and employed full time. Sample size was 1500 respondents. The research used factor analysis, which allowed defining intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and evaluating their significance and method of multidimensional linear regression to determine the influence of personal characteristics of employees on types of motivation. Findings & Value added: Factor analysis of motivations shows that there are five types of motivators, which make IT professionals work more productively, stay late at work if needed and do the best they can to solve the task set by their management. These are material stimulators, respect, responsibility, fear and self-realization. The results of the research can be well interpreted with the help of McGregor Theory, who demonstrated that there is a need of combination of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators. The findings can be used in building appropriate motivation strategy for IT professionals.

The specifics of shadow economic activity in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1915
Author(s):  
E.R. Ermakova ◽  
O.M. Lizina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the specifics of shadow economic activities in reformed Russia in the context of systemic transformations. Objectives. We focus on determining the role of shadow economy in the reproductive process, identifying and understanding the specifics of underground economic activity of the Russian economy. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and special methods of cognition (monetary methods). We employ the systems and integrated approach. The official statistics, regulations, works of leading researchers on shadow economy expansion, resources of reference and legal systems like Garant and ConsultantPlus serve as the study's information base. Results. We present a retrospective rapid analysis of the extent of shadow economic activity in the domestic economy, establishing the relationships with the processes that take place at different stages of the country's development. We also reveal the specifics of shadow economy relations in Russia, factors that play a key role in expansion for a particular period, a shift to another form of shadow economy. The study characterizes the current period of development, assesses the impact of external shocks on shadow economy expansion. Conclusions. The current period is characterized by the digitization of shadow relations, the shift of corruption to the upper echelons of power, the continued outflow of capital abroad, and increased penalties for underground activities.

Research on the Economic Organization Environmental Impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-601
Author(s):  
Dan Paul Stefanescu ◽  
Oana Roxana Chivu ◽  
Claudiu Babis ◽  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Alina Gligor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Harmful Effects

Any economic activity carried out by an organization, can generate a wide range of environmental implications. Particularly important, must be considered the activities that have a significant negative effect on the environment, meaning those which pollute. Being known the harmful effects of pollution on the human health, the paper presents two models of utmost importance, one of the material environment-economy interactions balance and the other of the material flows between environmental factors and socio-economic activities. The study of these models enable specific conditions that must be satisfied for the economic processes friendly coexist to the environment for long term, meaning to have a minimal impact in that the residues resulting from the economic activity of the organization to be as less harmful to the environment.

scholarly journals Coping with abrupt environmental change: the impact of the coastal El Niño 2017 on artisanal fisheries and mariculture in North Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Clara Kluger ◽  
Sophia Kochalski ◽  
Arturo Aguirre-Velarde ◽  
Ivonne Vivar ◽  
Matthias Wolff
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coastal El Niño

Abstract In February and March 2017, a coastal El Niño caused extraordinary heavy rains and a rise in water temperatures along the coast of northern Peru. In this work, we document the impacts of this phenomenon on the artisanal fisheries and the scallop aquaculture sector, both of which represent important socio-economic activities for the province of Sechura. Despite the perceived absence of effective disaster management and rehabilitation policies, resource users opted for a wide range of different adaptation strategies and are currently striving towards recovery. One year after the event, the artisanal fisheries fleet has returned to operating almost on a normal scale, while the aquaculture sector is still drastically impacted, with many people continuing to work in different economic sectors and even in other regions of the country. Recovery of the social-ecological system of Sechura likely depends on the occurrence of scallop seed and the financial capacity of small-scale producers to reinitiate scallop cultures. Long-term consequences of this coastal El Niño are yet to be studied, though the need to develop trans-local and trans-sectoral management strategies for coping with disturbance events of this scale is emphasized.

scholarly journals Valuing environmental health for informed policy-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Máca ◽  
Jan Melichar ◽  
Milan Ščasný ◽  
Markéta Braun Kohlová
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Impact Assessments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Monetized environmental health impact assessments help to better evaluate the environmental burden of a wide range of economic activities. Apart from the limitations and uncertainties in physical and biological science used in such assessments, assumptions taken from economic valuation may also substantially influence subsequent policy-making considerations. Aim: This study attempts to demonstrate the impact of normative policy assumptions on quantified external costs using a case study of recently discussed variants of future coal mining and use of extracted coal in electricity and heat generation in the Czech Republic. Methods: A bottom-up impact-pathway approach is used for quantification of external costs. Several policy perspectives are elaborated for aggregating impacts that differ in geographic coverage and in how valuation of quantified impacts is adjusted in a particular perspective. Results: We find that the fraction of monetized external impacts taken into policy-making considerations may vary according to choice of decision perspective up to a factor of 10. Conclusion: At present there are virtually no hard rules for defining geographical boundaries or adjusting values for a summation of monetized environmental impacts. We, however, stress that any rigorous external cost assessment should, for instance in a separate calculation, take account of impacts occurring beyond country borders.

scholarly journals INFORMATION SUPPORT OF ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS PARTNERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kara ◽  
◽  
Iryna Protsyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the features of information support for assessing the impact of business partners in the conditions of international economic activity. Methodical and practical recommendations for the procedure and accumulation of information about the company's partners have been developed. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study there are the works of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists, regulational and legislational laws of Ukraine for information support and evaluation of partnerships of the enterprise. The information factor affects economic growth, efficiency and employment. Information at the enterprise is mainly considered in the form of data collected and systematized in an acceptable form for use, capable of accumulating, sharing and updating. Recently, information is increasingly considered as one of the types of organizational resources that exist in the form of certain scientific knowledge, results of research and development, generalized indicators, norms, standards, recommendations, results of marketing research and more. An important condition for assessing the impact of environmental factors on the production and economic activities of the enterprise is the availability of timely and sufficiently complete information about events, processes, trends that occur in the external environment. The paper also considers the stages of the process of evolution of types of information about the partners of the enterprise, the strategic advantages of the management information system (MIS). It is proposed to develop an information letter about business partners, which is entered in the database and file, as well as to create database management systems. It is also advisable to create an information department at the enterprise, which in particular will assess the impact of the company's partners, as long-term partnerships create their own statistical database for decision-making by the company's management.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Economic Activity in the Rural Area of Region 2 South - East

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Daniela – Lavinia Balasan ◽  
Dragoş Horia Buhociu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Current State ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

When we talk about economic development, we can refer to improve the standard of living and the prosperity of the population. This is due by increasing per capita income. In order to analyze economic activity, severe indicators must be studied, namely productivity, economic growth rate, labour force share, gross domestic product. In order to carry out as accurate an analysis as possible, it is required to discover the bottlenecks and problems that Region 2 South East makes and to develop a set of reservations and indications leading to the reduction and, why not, the removal of negative aspects. The main purpose of this work is to achieve a strategic plan by studying the current state and the impact of the economic system in recent times in all its forms, with a view to the development of the countryside of Region 2 South – East. I set out to create a website based on the advice of small rural entrepreneurs that evolves gathering information in realistically identifying all the strengths and concentrating them in the region’s potential innovation.

scholarly journals Confronting South Africa’s water challenge: A decomposition analysis of water intensity

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Water Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Water is a vital natural resource, demanding careful management. It is essential for life and integral to virtually all economic activities, including energy and food production and the production of industrial outputs. The availability of clean water in sufficient quantities is not only a prerequisite for human health and well-being but the life-blood of freshwater ecosystems and the many services that these provide. Water resource intensity measures the intensity of water use in terms of volume of water per unit of value added. It is an internationally accepted environmental indicator of the pressure of economic activity on a country’s water resources and therefore a reliable indicator of sustainable economic development. The indicator is particularly useful in the allocation of water resources between sectors of the economy since in waterstressed countries like South Africa, there is competition for water among various users, which makes it necessary to allocate water resources to economic activities that are less intensive in their use of water. This study focuses on economy-wide changes in South Africa’s water intensity using both decomposition and empirical estimation techniques in an effort to identify and understand the impact of economic activity on changes in the use of the economy’s water resources. It is hoped that this study will help inform South Africa’s water conservation and resource management policies

Ethnic Differences in Women's Employment

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Holdsworth ◽  
Angela Dale
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

This paper uses the 1 per cent household file from the Samples of Anonymised Records (SARs) for the 1991 Census and the ONS Longitudinal Study (LS) to explore variations in patterns of employment and occupational attainment among women from different ethnic groups. The analysis of the SARs focuses on the impact of lifecycle events on women's employment status and economic activity. The presence of a partner is identified as having the greatest impact on Pakinstani and Bangladeshi women's employment, while the presence of a pre-school child is most significant for White women's economic activity. White women also have a higher rate of part-time worlding than all other ethnic groups. These patterns are for malised in two models, one for economic activity and a second for full-time/part-time work. The LS is used to investigate the impact of these employment patterns on women's occupational attainment over a ten-year period. The analysis demonstrates that, while minority ethnic women in nonmanual occupations have similar longitudinal occupational profiles to White women, those in manual occupations fare worse than their White counterparts, despite the fact that a larger propotion of minority ethnic women are in fill-time employment.

Language and Literature Division, Faculty of Education, Hong Kong University

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
XIE Qin ◽  
Stephen Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Full Time ◽  
School Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The Impact

The Language and Literature Division (LLD) is the largest of the six divisions of the Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong (HKU). It is currently home to 34 academic staff, who specialize either in the fields of Chinese Language, English Language and/or Literature Education, and to 60 full-time and 28 part-time doctoral students, who are researching a wide range of topics including subjects as diverse as corpus-aided language learning, task-based language teaching in primary schools, the English writing of Chinese undergraduates, and the impact of school-based assessment. Staff are very active in conducting their own research, much of which is rooted in classrooms and focuses on issues that directly concern the teaching and learning of languages, such as reading literacy, school-based assessment and assessment for learning in English Language, the teaching of Chinese characters, and good practices in English Language Teaching in Hong Kong secondary schools (see http://good-practices.edb.hkedcity.net/). Colleagues in the English Language area have played important roles in the HKU Strategic Research Theme ‘Language in education and assessment’. This initiative brought together staff from a range of disciplines in various forms of language-related research collaboration, culminating in two large and highly successful international conferences in June 2008: one focusing on language awareness and the other on language issues in English-medium universities (see http://www.hku.hk/clear/).

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