scholarly journals Merle allele variations in the Mudi dog breed and their effects on phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Pelles ◽  
András Gáspárdy ◽  
László Zöldág ◽  
Xénia Lénárt ◽  
Nóra Ninausz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Colour ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Fragment Analysis ◽  
Sine Insertion ◽  
Dog Breed ◽  
Exact Size ◽  
Auditory Impairments

A retrotransposon insertion in the SILV gene is associated with a peculiar phenotype of dog, known as a merle. It is characterised by various areas of their coat colour becoming diluted due to a malfunction in the eumelanin-producing pigment cells. Recent studies have shown that the exact size of the short interspersed element (SINE) insertion is in correlation with specific phenotypic attributes, but was not able to absolutely confine dogs to a certain colour pattern. Our study focused on the merle variations occurring in the Mudi breed. Altogether, 123 dog samples from 11 countries were tested and genotyped. The exact length of the merle alleles were determined by automated fluorescent capillary fragment analysis. The most frequent merle genotype in this Mudi sample collection was the ‘classic’ merle (m/M: 61.8%), whereas other variants, such as atypical (m/Ma and m/Ma+: 5.7%), harlequin (m/Mh: 13.8%), double merle (M/M: 0.8%) and mosaic profiles (17.9%) were also observed. The practical significance of testing this mutation is that, phenotypically, not only merle dogs are carriers of this insertion, but also the so-called hidden merle individuals (where the merle phenotype is fully covered by the pheomelanin-dominated colouration) are potentially capable of producing unintentionally homozygous ‘double merle’ progeny with ophthalmologic, viability and auditory impairments.

A novel mutation in the TYRP1 gene associated with brown coat colour in the Australian Shepherd Dog Breed

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Hrckova Turnova ◽  
Zuzana Majchrakova ◽  
Marcela Bielikova ◽  
Katarina Soltys ◽  
Jan Turna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Dog Breed

scholarly journals Scrapie-resistant sheep show certain coat colour characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. SAWALHA ◽  
L. BELL ◽  
S. BROTHERSTONE ◽  
I. WHITE ◽  
A. J. WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
The Relationship

SummarySusceptibility to scrapie is known to be associated with polymorphisms at the prion protein (PrP) gene, and this association is the basis of current selective programmes implemented to control scrapie in many countries. However, these programmes might have unintended consequences for other traits that might be associated withPrPgenotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship betweenPrPgenotype and coat colour characteristics in two UK native sheep breeds valued for their distinctive coat colour patterns. Coat colour pattern, darkness and spotting andPrPgenotype records were available for 11 674 Badgerfaced Welsh Mountain and 2338 Shetland sheep. The data were analysed with a log–linear model using maximum likelihood. Results showed a strong significant association ofPrPgenotype with coat colour pattern in Badgerfaced Welsh Mountain and Shetland sheep and with the presence of white spotting in Shetland sheep. Animals with the ARR/ARR genotype (the most scrapie resistant) had higher odds of having a light dorsum and a dark abdomen than the reverse pattern. The implication of these associations is that selection to increase resistance to scrapie based only onPrPgenotype could result in change in morphological diversity and affect other associated traits such as fitness.

Differences in melanin type and content among color variations in American mink (Neovison vison)

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-425
Author(s):  
Dominika Grabolus ◽  
Patrycja Wacławik ◽  
Magdalena Zatoń-Dobrowolska
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hair Colour ◽  
Black Cross ◽  
Fur Animals

Coat colour is one of the most important qualitative traits of fur animals. Determining melanin pigments forming the basics of visible coat colour may contribute to a better understanding of the process of creating different coat colour variations in fur-bearing animals. This study aimed to (i) isolate pigment cells from the hair of American mink of 11 colour variations (standard brown, silverblue, palomino, black, wild type, sapphire, black cross, pearl, palomino cross, glow, and amber) using acid and alkali; and (ii) characterise the melanin pigments obtained. The purified pigment cells were observed under a light microscope and verified by spectrophotometry scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The method allowed for obtaining pure melanin specimens. Using acid and alkali to extract eumelanosomes did not affect their shape and structure; it also allowed for obtaining pheomelanin from the hair. The results have proven that the hair colour of the American mink is based on all types of melanin, and that its variations differ in terms of how much eumelanin and pheomelanin the hair contains.

Inheritance of different coat colours in Newfoundland dogs in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Maciej Ziółkowski ◽  
Agnieszka Redlarska ◽  
Katarzyna Adamus-Fiszer ◽  
Joanna Kania-Gierdziewicz
Keyword(s):  
Coat Colour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dog Breed ◽  
Dominant Black

The aim of the study was to present the manner in which coat colour genes are inherited in the Newfoundland dog breed and to estimate the number of dogs with various coat colours in the Polish Newfoundland dog population in 2017. This population numbered 656 dogs, including 248 males and 408 females. The estimated number of dogs of this breed also included all registered puppies, broken down by gender and coat colour. The genes determining coat colour are described, including more precisely the genes responsible for the coat colour of the Newfoundland breed. According to FCI regulations, the coat colours for Newfoundland dogs are black, brown and black-and-white. Other colours, such as brown-and-white or blue, are not recognized for breeding purposes in Europe. The study found that the dominant black coat was predominant in the Polish Newfoundland dog population in 2017. These dogs could be heterozygous at some other loci and have undesirable alleles. The second most common coat colour was chocolate, while the fewest dogs had spotted coats. The group with spotted coats contained more males than females, in contrast to the other two colour variants. There were also individuals with the blue coat colour, which is not accepted for breeding, as the result of mating of parents with proper coat colours. An understanding of how dog coat colours are inherited and the need for tests to determine coat colour genotypes would make it possible to foresee the occurrence of incorrect colours in subsequent generations, which is crucial for Newfoundland dog breeders, whose goal is to obtain dogs whose coat colour is in line with the FCI standard.

scholarly journals On-farm phenotypic characterization of Mursi cattle in its production environment in South Omo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endashaw Terefe ◽  
Tadelle Dessie ◽  
Aynalem Haile ◽  
Wudyalew Mulatu ◽  
Okeyo Mwai
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Improvement Programs

SummaryThis study was conducted to characterize the morphological peculiarities and performance characteristics of Mursi cattle in its production environment managed by Bodi and Mursi pastoral communities in Southern Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire survey, group discussion, cattle morphological measurements and morphological descriptions were used to collect data. One hundred and two household heads were selected to administer the questionnaire and 201 adult cattle were selected for morphological description and body measurements. The Mursi cattle population was found to have variable coat colour type (85.9 percent) and coat colour pattern (51.3 percent). Body length, chest girth, withers height, rump width and rump length of Mursi cattle were 122.1 ± 0.9, 144.5 ± 0.9, 113 ± 0.1.1, 36.9 ± 0.3 and 20.4 ± 0.3 cm, respectively. Morphological measurements of most linear traits show no difference in the two locations but all measurements vary (P< 0.001) between males and females. Estimated age at first calving was 4.6 years and was significantly (P< 0.0001) higher in the Mursi area, while the calving interval (14.5 months) and cow reproductive life (14.2 years) were the same in both locations. Average daily milk yield (2.1 litres) and lactation length (7.8 months) of Mursi cattle in the two locations were similar. Cattle production was constrained by high disease prevalence, seasonal feed availability, and water shortage, with frequent drought. Trypanosomosis, black leg, anthrax and skin diseases are major cattle diseases reported in the two study areas. Because of its peculiar morphological characteristics, including large body frame, higher production performance, and survivability in the harsh environment, the Mursi cattle can be used as an alternative genetic resource for production improvement programs.

Preweaning growth of Brahman, Braford, and Africander first-cross calves in the subtropics of New South Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
PF Arthur ◽  
R Barlow ◽  
W Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Preweaning Period

Preweaning growth of 435 first-cross Brahman x Hereford (BH), Braford x Hereford (BM) and Africander x Hereford (AM) calves was evaluated at Ballina in the subtropics of New South Wales. Thirty-five Brahman, 32 Braford, and 23 Africander sires were mated to Hereford females over 3 years to produce the calves. Mean gestation of BH calves (290 days) was 4 and 6 days longer than BfH and AfH calves, respectively. BH and AfH calves had more eyelid pigmentation (88 and 98%, respectively) than BM calves (59%). For males, birth weights of BH calves were higher than BfH, which, in turn, were heavier than AfH calves (38.6 v. 34.8 v. 31.5 kg). For females, birth weights of BH and BfH calves were not significantly different but were higher than those of AfH calves (33.3 and 32.6 v. 30.4 kg). BH calves had higher average daily gain (ADG) than BfH and AfH calves during the second half of the preweaning period, resulting in 200-day liveweights of 175.4, 167.5, and 167.3 kg for BH, BfH, and AfH calves. BH calves were taller and had larger girths than the other crosses at birth, but AM calves exhibited the greatest increase in height and body length from birth to weaning. For BH, BMI, and AfH calves, 34,6, and 94% were predominantly red, whereas 6, 94, and 5% were also red but had a Hereford coat colour pattern.

scholarly journals Homotypic cell competition regulates proliferation and tiling of zebrafish pigment cells during colour pattern formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Walderich ◽  
Ajeet Pratap Singh ◽  
Prateek Mahalwar ◽  
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Cell Competition

scholarly journals Genes related to the white face colour pattern in eight Russian cattle breeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Yudin ◽  
N. M. Belonogova ◽  
D. M. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
White Face ◽  
White Colour

One of the major effects of domestication is change of animal coat colour to up to complete white colour of the whole body. It is possible that white colour of livestock animals had aesthetic significance for humans as well. The first step towards detection of genes and mutations controlling white colouring in animals is the genome-wide association studies. These studies, however, have not been done for the cattle breeds native to the Russian Federation. The aim of this study was therefore to identify genomic intervals and candidate genes that could be responsible for white face colouring in eight Russian cattle breeds. The data on genome-wide genotyping of 131,709 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 148 animas have been used in the program ­EMMAX. Association analysis has been performed using two related phenotypes: a) the white face with the rest of the body of any colour and b) white face with the rest of the body of different (non-white) colour. In the first case, the only statistically significant marker found was the SNP BovineHD0500019319 located on cattle chromosome (BTA) 5. The same SNP was the most significant within the cluster of three SNPs on BTA5: 68,803,879–69,365,854 associated also with the second phenotype. Five genes were found within this interval in the cattle genome, out of which the most likely functional candidate was SLC41A2, with the SNP BovineHD0500019319 found within its intronic sequence. SLC41A2 encodes a magnesium transporter protein. However, the function of this gene is not well established. Other members of this gene family are the key genes controlling differences in human skin and animal coat colour. Additional significant association signals with the second phenotype have been detected in BTA 1–4, 6–15, 18, 19, 24, 27, and 29. Overall, 37 genomic intervals have been detected associated with white face colouring in eight Russian native cattle breeds.

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