scholarly journals Genotyping of four loci in Hungarian Yellow and broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Szalai ◽  
Károly Tempfli ◽  
Erika Lencsés-Varga ◽  
Ágnes Bali Papp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

Traditional selection has led to remarkable differences in allele frequencies among various chicken breeds. Indigenous and broiler-type chicken populations were genotyped for polymorphisms in thyroid hormone responsive Spot14α, prolactin (PRL), IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), and somatostatin (SST) genes in order to determine potential utilisation type-associated allele frequencies. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were detected between Hungarian Yellow and broiler populations for Spot14α, PRL, and IGFBP2 allele frequencies, whereas the same SST allele (A) was fixed in both groups. In this study, the most significant associations (P < 0.05) were found between the IGFBP2 genotypes and the measured traits (body weight, carcass weight, breast muscle weight with or without skin, breast muscle weight as a percentage of carcass weight) in the broiler population. The results can be applied for the evaluation of polymorphism effects in the analysed populations; however, contradictory allele effects in different breeds and hybrids indicate the need for cautious marker utilisation in selection programmes.

scholarly journals Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in meat-production related genes in broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Klaudia Szalai ◽  
Károly Tempfli ◽  
Erika Lencsés-Varga ◽  
Ágnes Bali Papp
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
The Relationship

In broiler chickens, the intensive selection for growth rate, feed efficiency, body composition (breast muscle weight) traits in the last decades was successful. To improve economically important characteristics, it is possible to use molecular markers associated with meat production traits. The aim of this study was to examine genotype polymorphisms in ROSS 308 broilers for thyroid hormone responsive Spot14α, insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF1), IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), somatostatin (SST) and prolactin (PRL) genes. A further goal of this investigation was to study the relationship between the polymorphisms and phenotypic characteristics. In the investigated broiler population, the frequency for CC homozygous genotype was 0.77 in Spot14α (AY568628), AA homozygous genotype was 0.80 in IGF1 (M74176), GG homozygous genotype was 0.85 in IGFBP2 (U15086), DD homozygous genotype was 0.60 in PRL (FJ663023 or FJ434669). Only the AA homozygous genotype was found in SST (X60191). Chickens with AC genotype in Spot14α, and with GG genotype in IGFBP2 had higher body weight (BW) and carcass weight (CW), compared to CC and GT genotypes. However, the differences were not significant (P>0.05). There was significant association (P<0.05) between PRL genotypes and body and carcass weight, where chicken with homozygous DD surpassed individuals with homozygous II genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of carcass traits in ducks from a crossbred population

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Mucha ◽  
Ewa Gornowicz ◽  
Mirosław Lisowski ◽  
Bartosz Grajewski ◽  
Jolanta Radziszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations

Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate coefficients of heritability as well as genetic and phenotypic correlations among body weight and carcass traits. The dataset contained records of 387 birds from the second crossbred generation. The following traits were recorded: body weight (BW) at 11 weeks, carcass weight (CW), breast muscle weight including superficial and deep muscle (BMW), leg muscle weight including thigh and shank (LMW), wings weight (WW), skin with subcutaneous fat weight (SW), abdominal fat weight (AFW), skeleton with the back muscle and inedible elements (SBM), and liver weight (LW). Estimates of variance components were obtained by the average information - REML algorithm in the ASReml package. Very high slaughter yield (74.90%) was obtained. Generally, the coefficients of heritability were high. The highest one of 0.75 was estimated for body weight at 11 weeks. High coefficients of h2 were estimated for breast muscle weight (0.69), wings weight (0.70), carcass weight (0.65), skin with subcutaneous fat weight (0.57) and skeleton with the back muscle (0.58), whereas h2 of liver weight was 0.29. Both phenotypic and genetic relationships between the recorded traits were usually positive. Generally, it seems that the crossbreeding scheme can be perceived as a suitable proposal for the breeding practice.

scholarly journals Feeding microparticle protein diet combined with Lactobacillus sp. on existence of intestinal bacteria and growth of broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cholis ◽  
N. Suthama ◽  
B. Sukamto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Daily Body Weight

The objective of the study was to evaluate feeding effect of microparticle protein derived from soybean meal and fish meal combined with Lactobacillus sp. at 1.2 mL on physiological condition of digestive tract and productivity of broiler. Total of 192 broiler, with initial body weight was 481.0 ± 67.2 g, given dietary treatment starting on day 21 until day 42. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Dietary treatment were 21% intact protein (T0), 18% intact protein (T1), 21% microparticle protein (T2), 18% microparticle protein (T3), T0+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T4), T1+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T5), T2+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T6), T3+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T7). Parameters measured were total ileal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Coliform and pH, rate of passage, daily body weight gain (DWG) and also carcass weight. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and followed by Duncan multiple range test (P<0.05). Experimental results showed that microparticle protein diet added with Lactobacillus sp. (P<0.05) increased total LAB and DWG, but decreased Coliform population, and slowed down the rate of passage. However, carcass weight was not significantly affected by treatments. Feeding microparticle protein (18%) with addition of Lactobacillus sp. (1.2 mL) can improve to be better condition of digestive tract based on higher LAB and lower Coliform populations, and increase daily body weight gain with the same carcass weight. 

scholarly journals Betaine and Antioxidants Improve Growth Performance, Breast Muscle Development and Ameliorate Thermoregulatory Responses to Cyclic Heat Exposure in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Shakeri ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell ◽  
Stuart Wilkinson ◽  
Mitchell Ringuet ◽  
John Furness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Muscle Weight

Heat stress (HS) is an environmental stressor challenging poultry production and requires a strategy to cope with it. A total of 288-day-old male broiler chicks were fed with one of the following diets: basal diet, basal with betaine (BET), or with selenium and vitamin E (AOX), or with a combination of BET and AOX, under thermoneutral and cyclic HS. Results showed that HS reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.001), and impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.03) during rearing period (0–42 day). BET increased ADG (p = 0.001) and decreased FCR (p = 0.02), whereas AOX had no effects. Breast muscle weight was decreased by HS (p < 0.001) and increased by BET (p < 0.001). Rectal temperature was increased by HS (p < 0.001) and improved by BET overall. Respiration rate was increased by HS (p < 0.001), but BET decreased it during HS (p = 0.04). Jejunum transepithelial resistance was reduced by HS and had no effect on permeability whereas BET increased jejunum permeability (p = 0.013). Overall, the reductions in ADG of broiler chickens during HS were ameliorated by supplementation with BET, with much of the increase in ADG being breast muscle.

Moderate food restriction reduces serum IGF-I and alters circulating IGF-binding protein profiles in lactating rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Monaco ◽  
S M Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Gh ◽  
Igfbp 3

Abstract The role of somatogenic and lactogenic hormones in the adaptative mechanisms which occur in response to nutrient restriction during lactation is unknown. To characterize the effect of food restriction during lactation on serum IGF-I, GH and prolactin concentrations and serum IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) profiles, lactating dams had free access to food (control) or were restricted to 60% of control intake during pregnancy and lactation (RPL) or only during lactation (RL). Serum, milk and mammary gland samples were collected throughout lactation. RL dams lost body weight, control dams gained weight, while RPL dams maintained body weight during lactation. By day 20, body and mammary gland weights of RL and RPL dams did not differ and were lower than control (P<0·05). Serum IGF-I concentrations in restricted groups were lower than control (P<0·05), however, hepatic expression of IGF-I mRNA did not differ between groups in early (day 1) or mid-lactation (day 8) and was increased on day 20 in RL dams compared with RPL or control. These data suggest that serum IGF-I and hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression are not co-ordinately regulated in the food-restricted lactating rat. In early lactation, serum IGFBP-3 was lower in RPL dams than control (P<0·05), whereas IGFBP-1 and -2 were increased in RL and RPL dams in late lactation compared with control. The decrease in IGFBP-3 and increase in lower molecular weight IGFBP may have contributed to the reduction in serum IGF-I by increasing IGF-I clearance from the circulation. Serum GH and prolactin were measured in samples obtained between 0900 and 1200 h. Serum GH did not differ with the exception of an increase on day 1 in control relative to RPL dams and on day 20 in RL dams relative to RPL and control. Serum prolactin was higher in the RL dams than controls on day 4. In summary, food restriction during pregnancy and lactation or solely during lactation results in similar reductions in serum IGF-I and alterations in serum IGFBP despite differences in body weight responses to food restriction during lactation. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 303–316

Long R3 insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) infusion stimulates organ growth but reduces plasma IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein concentrations in the guinea pig

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Conlon ◽  
F M Tomas ◽  
P C Owens ◽  
J C Wallace ◽  
G S Howarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

Abstract We have tested whether an animal with substantial amounts of both IGF-I and IGF-II in circulation, such as the guinea pig, would respond to chronic IGF infusion in the same manner as the adult rat, which has negligible amounts of IGF-II in blood. Female guinea pigs of 350 g body weight were continuously infused for 7 days with recombinant guinea pig IGF-I or -II (120 or 360 μg/day) or long R3 IGF-I (LR3IGF-I) (120 μg/day), an analogue which has much reduced affinities for IGF binding proteins. IGF-I or IGF-II infusion led to substantial increases in plasma IGF-I or IGF-II respectively in comparison with vehicle-infused animals. Nevertheless, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and carcass composition were not significantly affected by any treatment (significance was deemed to be P<0·05). Amongst the tissues examined only the fractional weight (g/kg body weight) of the adrenals was increased, and that only by the higher dose (360 μg/day) of IGF-I. However, the fractional weight of adrenals, gut, kidneys and spleen were significantly increased by LR3IGF-I, but again overall growth was not stimulated. A possible explanation for the lack of IGF-I effects is that total circulating IGF concentrations were not increased by these treatments. IGF-II significantly raised total IGF concentrations at the higher dose only. Plasma IGF-I was reduced by IGF-II infusion, as was plasma IGF-II by IGF-I infusion. LR3IGF-I treatment lowered both plasma IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations, a response probably related to a reduction in total plasma IGF binding protein (IGFBP), especially IGFBP-3, concentrations. We conclude that although the guinea pig is responsive to IGF treatment, the effects differ markedly from those elicited in rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 247–253

Carcass traits and reproductive organ morphology in 62-week-old SCWL hens

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Bjerstedt ◽  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
R. T. Hardin ◽  
T. A. Wautier
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Single Comb

The influence of body weight on reproductive organ morphology and the incidence of reproductive disorders was investigated with 324 Shaver Starcross 288-strain Single Comb White Leghorn hens at 62 wk of age. The hens were fed a typical laying ration (2720 kcal ME kg−1, 16.3%, CP, 3.5% Ca) ad libitum. All birds were housed two birds per cage in a windowless poultry house, with a photoperiod of 14L:10D. The total group of hens was separated into eight weight groups, on the basis of 62-wk body weight, ranging from 1100 to 2700 g, at 200-g increments. Birds were killed by cervical dislocation and dissected to observe carcass and reproductive organ traits. The length of the shank and the weights of the breast muscle, liver, fat pad, ovary and ovarian stroma increased significantly as hen weight increased. Ovary weight was increased because of an increase in the number of large follicles, as well as an increase in the weights of individual large follicles Ovarian regression occurred more often in hens weighing less than 1700 g than in hens weighing more than 1700 g. Internal oviposition occurred most often in hens near the population body weight (1803 g). Internal ovulation occurred more often in hens more than 1900 g in body weight than in hens less than 1900 g. These data suggest that hens that are heavier than average have increased follicular development, compared with low-weight hens. Key words: Single Comb White Leghorn, abdominal fat pad weight, breast-muscle weight, body weight, ovary morphology, reproductive disorders

Effect of growth hormone treatment on hormonal parameters, body composition and strength in athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Deyssig ◽  
Herwig Frisch ◽  
Werner F Blum ◽  
Thomas Waldhör
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

The effect of recombinant GH on strength, body composition and endocrine parameters in power athletes was investigated in a controlled study. Twenty-two healthy, non-obese males (age 23.4±0.5 years; ideal body weight 122±3.1%, body fat 10.1±1.0%; mean±sem) were included. Probands were assigned in a double-blind manner to either GH treatment (0.09U (kg BW)−1 day−1 sc) or placebo for a period of six weeks. To exclude concurrent treatment with androgenic-anabolic steroids urine specimens were tested at regular intervals for these substances. Serum was assayed for GH, IGF-I, IGF-binding protein, insulin and thyroxine before the onset of the study and at two-weekly intervals thereafter. Maximal voluntary strength of the biceps and quadriceps muscles was measured on a strength training apparatus. Fat mass and lean body mass were derived from measurements of skinfolds at ten sites with a caliper. For final evaluation only data of those 8 and 10 subjects in the two groups who completed the study were analyzed. GH, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein were in the normal range before therapy and increased significantly in the GH-treated group. Fasting insulin concentrations increased insignificantly and thyroxine levels decreased significantly in the GH-treated probands. There was no effect of GH treatment on maximal strength during concentric contraction of the biceps and quadriceps muscles. Body weight and body fat were not changed significantly during treatment. We conclude that the anabolic, lipolytic effect of GH therapy in adults depends on the degree of fat mass and GH deficiency. In highly trained power athletes with low fat mass there were no effects of GH treatment on strength and body composition.

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