scholarly journals Is twin pregnancy, calving and pregnancy loss predictable by serum pregnancy-specific protein b (pspb) concentration 28–35 days after ai in dairy cows?

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-461
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szelényi ◽  
Orsolya Gabriella Balogh ◽  
Fernando Lopez-Gatius ◽  
Irina Garcia-Ispierto ◽  
Eszter Krikó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Protein B

Double ovulation occurs more frequently in multiparous cows with high milk production than in primiparous cows and the rate of twin pregnancy/calving is increasing worldwide. Diagnosis of twin pregnancy is possible by ultrasound at the time of early pregnancy examination [28–34 days after artificial insemination (AI)]. Pregnancy proteins are also well-known indicators of gestation. The risk of pregnancy loss during the first trimester of gestation for cows carrying twins is three to nine times higher than for cows carrying singletons. Pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) is a good indicator not only of pregnancy but also of pregnancy loss. The aims of this study were (a) to collect calving data in some Hungarian Holstein-Friesian herds (n = 7,300) to compare PSPB serum concentrations (measured 29–35 days post insemination) in twin- and singleton-calving cows (Trial 1), and (b) to check the predictive value of PSPB serum concentration for twin pregnancy and pregnancy loss in high-producing Spanish Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 98; Trial 2). Our results showed almost 7% twin calving rate. Although hormonal treatments are commonly believed to be major causes of twin pregnancies, our data do not support this hypothesis. The only exception is the single PGF injection, which significantly increased twin calving. No effect of milk production on the risk of twin pregnancy was found, and twin pregnancy increased with parity. The AI bull, the bull’s sire, the bull’s grandfather and the cow’s father also affected twin calving (P ≤ 0.02). We found much higher frequency of twin calving in cows diagnosed pregnant with higher than 3 ng/ml serum PSPB concentrations at 29–35 days after insemination. In Trial 2, non-significant but well-marked differences were found in PSPB serum concentration between singleton- and twin-pregnant cow samples (2.1 and 2.9 ng/ml) at different bleeding times. Probably the small size of the study population and the effects of milk production on PSPB values may explain this lack of significance.

scholarly journals Association Between First-Trimester Intrauterine Hematoma and Twin Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqing Ji ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Weidong Li ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Bo Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Vanishing Twin Syndrome ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Abstract Background: In recent years, we have found that first-trimester intrauterine hematoma in twin pregnancy has become increasingly common. The majority of studies on intrauterine hematoma have excluded twin pregnancies, while others did not differentiate between singleton and twin pregnancies. The associations in twin pregnancy are not clear. Therefore, the primary objective of our study was to examine the associations between first-trimester intrauterine hematoma and pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancy. Material and methods: 1020 twin pregnancies in women who underwent a routine examination from January 2014 to December 2018 were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of intrauterine hematoma, we compared the baseline data and pregnancy outcomes between two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for possible confounding factors. Results: A total of 209 patients (21.3%) developed intrauterine hematoma in the first trimester. First-trimester intrauterine hematoma was significantly associated with increased odds of miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio 14.27, 95% CI 8.25-24.70) and the vanishing twin syndrome (adjusted odds ratio 3.26, 95% CI 1.11-4.61). However, It did not have increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes after 20 Weeks of Gestation .In the final regression model analysis, the associations of hematoma with previous miscarriage history, accepted assisted conception, accompanying vaginal bleeding and miscarriage and vanishing twin syndrome were no longer significant. No association was found between hematoma size or the presence of vaginal bleeding and the risk of pregnancy loss or the vanishing twin syndrome before 20 weeks of gestation (P>0.05). Conclusion: In women with twin pregnancies, the presence of intrauterine hematoma in the first trimester was associated with one or both fetal losses before 20 weeks of gestation. However, chorionicity in twins, the conception method, the intrauterine hematoma size and the presence of vaginal bleeding were not independently associated with pregnancy loss.

scholarly journals Pregnancy and stillbirth losses in dairy cows with singleton and twin pregnancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szelényi ◽  
Dorottya Győri ◽  
Szabolcs Boldizsár ◽  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Attila Répási ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Length Of Gestation ◽  
Friesian Cows

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of twin pregnancy, fetal laterality, the number of corpora lutea (CL) and cavitary CL on pregnancy losses in Holstein-Friesian cows with a positive pregnancy diagnosis based on ultrasonography between days 29–42 after AI. Pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal palpation between days 57–70 after AI and at the time of drying-off as well. Twin pregnancy rate was 8.4% at the time of the early pregnancy examination. Pregnancy loss did not differ between singleton- and twin-carrying animals either between days 57–70 of gestation or at drying-off. More losses occurred in singletons between days 29–42 and 57–70 in cows with cavitary than in cows with noncavitary CL (12.1% vs. 3.6%; P < 0.05) and in cows with double CL than in cows with single CL (7.3% vs. 3.6% %; P < 0.05). Between days 57–70 of gestation and drying-off this difference was still significant (20.7% vs. 3.7%; P < 0.001), while it was non-significant between cows with one CL (5.7%) vs. double CL (3.7%). Cavity occurrence was not affected by hormone therapy prior to AI (either PGF2α or OvSynch; 4.4% vs. 5.4%, respectively); however, the number of CL was reduced by the treatments (11.6 vs. 19.6%; P < 0.0005). In twin pregnancies there was no difference in the pregnancy losses between bilateral and unilateral pregnancies at any time point. The length of gestation was 278.2 ± 10.5 (singleton) and 267.4 ± 31.2 (twin) days, respectively (P < 0.01). The stillbirth ratio was higher in twin carriers than in singleton carriers (19.5% vs. 5.3%; P < 0.001).

Spontaneous loss of a co-twin and the risk of birth defects after assisted conception

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Davies ◽  
A. R. Rumbold ◽  
M. J. Whitrow ◽  
K. J. Willson ◽  
W. K. Scheil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Infertility Patients ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

The study of very early pregnancy loss is impractical in the general population, but possible amongst infertility patients receiving carefully monitored treatments. We examined the association between fetal loss and the risk of birth defects in the surviving co-twin in a retrospective cohort study of infertility patients within an infertility clinic in South Australia from January 1986 to December 2002, linked to population registries for births, terminations and birth defects. The study population consisted of a total of 5683 births. Births from singleton pregnancies without loss were compared with survivors from (1) pregnancies with an empty fetal sac at 6–8 weeks after embryo transfer, (2) fetal loss subsequent to 8-week ultrasound and (3) multiple pregnancy continuing to birth. Odds ratios (OR) for birth defects were calculated with adjustment for confounders. Amongst infertility patients, the prevalence of birth defects was 7.9% for all twin pregnancies without fetal loss compared with 14.6% in pregnancies in which there had been an empty sac at ultrasound, and 11.6% for pregnancies with fetal loss after 6–8 weeks. Compared with singleton pregnancies without loss, the presence of an empty sac was associated with an increased risk of any defect (OR=1.90, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.09–3.30) and with multiple defects (OR=2.87, 95% CI=1.31–6.28). Twin pregnancies continuing to birth without loss were not associated with an overall increased prevalence of defects. We conclude that the observed loss of a co-twin by 6–8 weeks of pregnancy is related to the risk of major birth defects in the survivor.

When diamniotic twins suddenly become monoamniotic twins: spontaneous septostomy of the dividing membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e243513
Author(s):  
Angela Vidal ◽  
Cristina Nastasia ◽  
Markus Hodel ◽  
Joachim Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sonographic Diagnosis ◽  
Sudden Failure ◽  
Reliable Diagnosis ◽  
Accepted Standard ◽  
Perinatal Management ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
First Trimester Ultrasound

In twin pregnancies, amnionicity and chorionicity are crucial as they strongly determine prenatal and perinatal management. First trimester ultrasound allows a highly reliable diagnosis of amnionicity and chorionicity, making it an internationally accepted standard in antenatal care. However, in rare cases, amnionicity can change from diamniotic to monoamniotic throughout pregnancy, substantially impacting perinatal management. We report the case of a confirmed monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with a diagnosis of spontaneous septostomy of the dividing membrane (SSDM) at 28 weeks of gestation, resulting in a pseudomonoamniotic pregnancy. Even though SSDM is a rare condition and its sonographic diagnosis might be challenging, it should be considered if, in a known diamniotic pregnancy, there is a sudden failure to visualise the intertwin membrane truly separating both twins.

The Frequency of Ovular Resorption During the First Trimester of Twin Pregnancy

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-272
Author(s):  
Lucien Schneider ◽  
Roger Bessis ◽  
Thérèse Simonnet
Keyword(s):  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

A follow-up of 78 twin pregnancies diagnosed in the first trimester indicated that early ovular resorption occurred in 63% of spontaneous and 64% of Clomiphene-induced gestations, so that singletons were born. No failure was observed in the 12 twin conceptions following administration of gonadotropins or Cyclofenil.

Hysteroscopy in the Evaluation of Recurrent First Trimesteric Miscarriages

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Abdelmageed ◽  
M M Alsherbiny ◽  
A M Abdelhamed ◽  
W Y Alsaleem
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Uterine Septum ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Diagnostic Hysteroscopy

Abstract Background Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most frustrating and difficult areas in reproductive medicine because the etiology is often unknown and there are few evidence-based diagnostic and treatment strategies. Studies on the etiology, evaluation, and management of RPL are often flawed, uterine factors (acquired and congenital)are responsible for 10 to 50 %of recurrent pregnancy loss,hysteroscopy is the gold standard for evaluation of the eendometrial cavity. Aim of the work to evaluate the role of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of possible uteri.ne congenital and acquired causes of recurrent first trimesteric miscarriages. Patients and methods This prospective cohort study was conducted on 164 patients with recurrent (3 or more), first trimester miscarriage planned to undergo office (diagnostic) hysteroscopy to assess the uterine cavity, who attend Ain Shams University maternity Hospital Early Cancer detection Unit during period from July 2018 to December 2018. Results the largest proportion 53% of our study population had abnormal hysteroscopic findings, and the uterine septum had the highest prevalence among women with recurrent first trimesteric miscarriages. Conclusion In women with recurrent pregnancy loss, hysteroscopy is a useful diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of possible uterine causes of recurrent miscarriages. Uterine septum is the most common congenital uterine abnormality found in patients with recurrent first trimesteric miscarriages.

scholarly journals Yolk Sacs in Twin Pregnancy

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Monochorionic Twin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Efficient Recognition

AbstractOBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the yolk sacs separated or not separated by septum and chorionicity twin pregnancies scanned early in the first trimester, and the relation between size and morphologic features of the yolk sac and the outcome of twin pregnancies.RESULTS. In all 38 sets of twins two yolk sacs were identified. During the first trimester of a dichorionic twin pregnancy, the yolk sacs were always separated by a septum and not separated (“Eight” sign) in monochorionic twin pregnancy. In five cases, one of yolk sac was abnormally large (> 8mm) and had thin wall. Four of the five mothers spontaneously aborted during the next 2-3 weeks. In one case of monochorionic twin ectopic pregnancy two yolk sacs were seen normally.CONCLUSION. The sonographic identification of yolk sacs in multiple pregnancies allows an early and efficient recognition of presence and chorionicity of twin pregnancy, both in intra – and extrauterine. Identification of abnormal yolk sac or yolk sacs suggests death of one or all embryos.

scholarly journals Influence of chorionicity on healthy twin pregnancy outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1080-1085
Author(s):  
Slavica Aksam ◽  
Snezana Plesinac ◽  
Jelena Dotlic ◽  
Dusica Kocijancic-Belovic ◽  
Mirjana Marjanovic-Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Monochorionic Twins ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Background/Aim. It is still under debate in what sense and extent can chorionicity impact the pregnancy outcome of twins without gestational complications specific for monochorionicity. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of chorionicity on healthy twin pregnancy outcome. Methods. The study included patients with uncomplicated twin pregnancies after first trimester that were checked-up and delivered at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade during three years (2010?2013). Data regarding mother?s age, comorbidities, parity, presence and type of gestational complications, chorionicity, mode and time of pregnancy ending, birth-weight and Apgar score of twins were determined. Obtained data were compared and statistically analyzed. Results. The study included 361 women with mean age of 33 years. Regardless of chorionicity, twins were mostly born during the 36th gestational week and received Apgar score ? 8. Only three monochorionic twins were stillborn, two preterm (29 and 32 gestational week) and one in term (35 gestational week) delivery. Contrary, no intrauterine fetal deaths were recorded. Monochorionicity negatively correlated with having live-born twins (OR = 0.023; CI = [0.001?0.609]; p = 0.024), but was not associated with twins condition at birth, i.e. Apgar score (p = 0.345), pregnancy ending time (p = 0.578) or any other twins characteristic. However, premature preterm membrane rupture and earlier gestational week of pregnancy ending were important confounding factors for relationship between chorionicity and pregnancy outcome. Conclusion. Monochorionicity increases risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes even for uncomplicated, healthy twin pregnancy, but has no influence on the condition of twins who survive until term. If appropriate surveillance and therapy are applied, both healthy twins can be delivered at term regardless of chorionicity.

scholarly journals Management of twin pregnancy with a hydatidiform mole and surviving healthy co-existent fetus

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5636
Author(s):  
Hale Goksever Celik ◽  
Gözde Meriç Demirezen ◽  
Baki Erdem ◽  
Alev Atış Aydın ◽  
Volkan Ülker
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Molar Pregnancy ◽  
Complete Mole ◽  
Live Fetus ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Normal Placenta

Twin pregnancies with complete mole and a coexisting live fetus are rare obstetric conditions seen in 1 case of 22000 to 100000 pregnancies. In our case, a twin molar pregnancy was diagnosed in the first trimester by ultrasound. In a 27-year-old patient with the first pregnancy, a 12-week live fetus with a normal placenta and a twin molar pregnancy appearance were observed on a routine ultrasonographic examination of the uterine cavity. Twin molar pregnancies are reported to be terminated by live birth in the literature, but termination of pregnancy is an important option to prevent maternal morbidity since molar pregnancy may lead to complications ranging from theca lutein cysts to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

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