scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Brucella melitensis strains causing outbreaks in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Duvnjak ◽  
Ivana Račić ◽  
Silvio Špičić ◽  
Maja Zdelar-Tuk ◽  
Irena Reil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats ◽  
Sequence Types

The most recent data on the incidence of brucellosis in Southeast Europe prove the persistence of this zoonosis in the area, regardless of constant efforts at controlling it as one of the most dangerous zoonoses. Forty-three Brucella melitensis strains were collected from cattle, sheep, goats and humans from Croatia as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina between 2009 and 2015. The strains were identified and genotyped in order to determine their epidemiological background. Standard biotyping methods and Bruce-ladder were used to identify the strains. Genotyping was done using multilocus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) on 16 and multilocus sequence typing analysis (MLST) on nine loci. Results were compared to each other and to internationally available data. Twenty- five novel genotypes and two sequence types were identified. All tested strains, apart from vaccine and reference strains, showed very close phylogenetic and geographic relationships. The genotyping results indicate the endemicity of brucellosis in this region. MLST showed no variation, confirming the stability of housekeeping genes. The results confirm already established routes of disease spread in this area, showing that a more detailed and vigorous control of this zoonosis is necessary.

scholarly journals Molecular characteristics of Brucella melitensis isolates from humans in Qinghai Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Jun Zhao ◽  
Ji-Quan Li ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Hong-Mei Xue ◽  
Xu-Xin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats

Abstract Background The prevalence of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province of China has been increasing rapidly, with confirmed cases distributed across 31 counties. However, the epidemiology of brucellosis transmission has not been fully elucidated. To characterize the infecting strains isolated from humans, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based approaches were employed. Methods Strains were isolated from two males blood cultures that were confirmed Brucella melitensis positive following biotyping and MLVA. Genomic DNA was extracted from these two strains, and whole-genome sequencing was performed. Next, SNP-based phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare the two strains to 94 B. melitensis strains (complete genome and draft genome) retrieved from online databases. Results The two Brucella isolates were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3 (QH2019001 and QH2019005) following conventional biotyping and were found to have differences in their variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) using MLVA-16. Phylogenetic examination assigned the 96 strains to five genotype groups, with QH2019001 and QH2019005 assigned to the same group, but different subgroups. Moreover, the QH2019005 strain was assigned to a new subgenotype, IIj, within genotype II. These findings were then combined to determine the geographic origin of the two Brucella strains. Conclusions Utilizing a whole-genome SNP-based approach enabled differences between the two B. melitensis strains to be more clearly resolved, and facilitated the elucidation of their different evolutionary histories. This approach also revealed that QH2019005 is a member of a new subgenotype (IIj) with an ancient origin in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Molecular characteristics of Brucella melitensis isolates from humans in Qinghai Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhao ◽  
Jiquan Li ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Hongmei Xue ◽  
Xuxin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats

Abstract Background The prevalence of human brucellosis in Qinghai Province has been increasing rapidly, with confirmed cases distributed across 31 counties. However, the epidemiology of brucellosis transmission has not been fully elucidated. To characterize the two isolated strains, multiple locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based approaches were employed. Methods Blood samples were isolated from two males that were confirmed B. melitensis positive following MLVA. Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed. Next, SNP-based phylogenetic analysis was performed to compare the two strains to 94 B. melitensis strains (complete genome and draft genome) retrieved from online databases. Results The two Brucella isolates were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3 (QH2019001 and QH2019005) following conventional biotyping and were found to have differences in their variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) using MLVA-16. Phylogenetic examination assigned the 96 strains to five genotype groups, with QH2019001 and QH2019005 assigned to the same group, but different subgroups. Moreover, the QH2019005 strain was assigned to a new subgenotype, IIj, within genotype II. These findings were then combined to determine the geographic origin of the two Brucella strains. Conclusions Utilizing a whole-genome SNP-based approach enabled differences between the two B. melitensis strains to be more clearly resolved, and facilitated the elucidation of their different evolutionary histories. This approach also revealed that QH2019005 is a member of a new subgenotype (IIj) with an ancient origin in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals MLVA-16 Genotyping of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis Isolates from Different Animal Species in Egypt: Geographical Relatedness and the Mediterranean Lineage

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Gamal Wareth ◽  
Mohamed El-Diasty ◽  
Falk Melzer ◽  
Gernot Schmoock ◽  
Shawky A. Moustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats ◽  
Open Markets

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease in Egypt. However, there are limited data available on the genetic diversity of brucellae circulating in Egypt and other Mediterranean areas. One hundred and nine Brucella (B.) strains were isolated from different animal species in thirteen Egyptian governorates. Multi-locus variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) analysis (MLVA-16) was employed to determine the geographical relatedness and the genetic diversity of a panel of selected Egyptian strains (n = 69), with strains originating from Italy (n = 49), Portugal (n = 52), Greece (n = 63), and Tunisia (n = 4). Egyptian B. melitensis strains clustered into two main clusters containing 21 genotypes. Egyptian B. abortus strains clustered into three main clusters containing nine genotypes. The genotypes were irregularly distributed over time and space in the study area. Egyptian strains of B. melitensis showed MLVA-16 patterns closer to that of Italian strains. Egyptian B. abortus strains isolated from cattle share the same genotype with strains from Portugal and similar to strains from Italy with low genetic diversity. Strains with similar MLVA patterns isolated from different governorates highlight the movement of the pathogen among governorates. Hence, it may also reflect the long endemicity of brucellosis in Egypt with earlier dispersal of types and great local genetic diversity. Open markets may contribute to cross-species transmission and dissemination of the new types nationwide. The presence of West Mediterranean lineages of B. melitensis and relatedness of B. abortus strains from the studied countries is a result of the socio-historical connections among the Mediterranean countries. Transnational eradication of brucellosis in the Mediterranean basin is highly demanded.

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Human Milk From Mothers of Preterm Compared With Term Neonates

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiie Soeorg ◽  
Tuuli Metsvaht ◽  
Imbi Eelmäe ◽  
Hanna Kadri Metsvaht ◽  
Sirli Treumuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats ◽  
Sequence Types

Background: Human milk is the preferred nutrition for neonates and a source of bacteria. Research aim: The authors aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology and genetic content of staphylococci in the human milk of mothers of preterm and term neonates. Methods: Staphylococci were isolated once per week in the 1st month postpartum from the human milk of mothers of 20 healthy term and 49 preterm neonates hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis and multilocus sequence typing were used. The presence of the mecA gene, icaA gene of the ica-operon, IS 256, and ACME genetic elements was determined by PCR. Results: The human milk of mothers of preterm compared with term neonates had higher counts of staphylococci but lower species diversity. The human milk of mothers of preterm compared with term neonates more often contained Staphylococcus epidermidis mecA (32.7% vs. 2.6%), icaA (18.8% vs. 6%), IS 256 (7.9% vs. 0.9%), and ACME (15.4% vs. 5.1%), as well as Staphylococcus haemolyticus mecA (90.5% vs. 10%) and IS 256 (61.9% vs. 10%). The overall distribution of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA) types and sequence types was similar between the human milk of mothers of preterm and term neonates, but a few mecA-IS 256-positive MLVA types colonized only mothers of preterm neonates. Maternal hospitalization within 1 month postpartum and the use of an arterial catheter or antibacterial treatment in the neonate increased the odds of harboring mecA-positive staphylococci in human milk. Conclusion: Limiting exposure of mothers of preterm neonates to the hospital could prevent human milk colonization with more pathogenic staphylococci.

scholarly journals Slipped-Strand Mispairing at Noncontiguous Repeats in Poecilia reticulata: A Model for Minisatellite Birth

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 1313-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S Taylor ◽  
Felix Breden
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Repeat Motif ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Direct Repeats ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats

Abstract The standard slipped-strand mispairing (SSM) model for the formation of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) proposes that a few tandem repeats, produced by chance mutations, provide the “raw material” for VNTR expansion. However, this model is unlikely to explain the formation of VNTRs with long motifs (e.g., minisatellites), because the likelihood of a tandem repeat forming by chance decreases rapidly as the length of the repeat motif increases. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the birth of a mitochondrial (mt) DNA minisatellite in guppies suggests that VNTRs with long motifs can form as a consequence of SSM at noncontiguous repeats. VNTRs formed in this manner have motifs longer than the noncontiguous repeat originally formed by chance and are flanked by one unit of the original, noncontiguous repeat. SSM at noncontiguous repeats can therefore explain the birth of VNTRs with long motifs and the “imperfect” or “short direct” repeats frequently observed adjacent to both mtDNA and nuclear VNTRs.

scholarly journals Combinatorial interaction between two human serotonin transporter gene variable number tandem repeats and their regulation by CTCF

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad R. Ali ◽  
Sylvia A. Vasiliou ◽  
Kate Haddley ◽  
Ursula M. Paredes ◽  
Julian C. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Serotonin Transporter Gene ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats

scholarly journals Correlation Between Auto-antibodies to Survivin and MUC1 Variable Number Tandem Repeats in Colorectal Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5557-5562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Qian Wang ◽  
Hai-Hong Zhang ◽  
Chen-Lu Liu ◽  
Qiu Xia ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats

scholarly journals Characterizing nucleotide variation and expansion dynamics in human-specific variable number tandem repeats

2021 ◽  
pp. gr.275560.121
Author(s):  
Meredith M Course ◽  
Arvis Sulovari ◽  
Kathryn Gudsnuk ◽  
Evan E Eichler ◽  
Paul N Valdmanis
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Nucleotide Variation ◽  
Specific Variable ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeats ◽  
Human Specific
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