Social Trends and the Role of Adlerian Psychology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Joosten
Keyword(s):  
Social Trends ◽  
Adlerian Psychology

scholarly journals THE RIGHTS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES TO INFORMATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Aid Mršić ◽  
◽  
Larisa Softić-Gasal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Guardian

The public service, which should be the guardian of the identity of national minorities, fell under the political pressure. In this way, it came out of the scope of its actions. Leading people in independent media believe that the role of the public service is crucial in protecting national minorities.But the media can not do it alone. First of all, the state must regulate, and respect what it has brought. With strong strategies and the inclusion of national minorities in all social trends, it is possible to achieve, not fully, but partially, the equality of all those who liveon the territory of BiH.On the other hand, the public service must respect what the state says. The Communications Regulatory Agency is obliged to impose rules in an adequate manner and at the same time to monitor how much the media (public service) meets its obligations.

scholarly journals A Consideration of the Relationship Between Music and Collective Identity: From the Viewpoint of Cultural Psychology of Music

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cultural Artifact ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Psychology Of Music ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present study lies in an effort of converging anthropological, ethnomusicological and psychological approach to the relationship between music and collective identity. Music is considered a socio-cultural artifact, which mediates the processes of collective identity construction, and whose function in such process can be multiple. In order to understand the ways in which it is sutured into (in)formal processes of collective (self)identification, we propose simultaneous consideration of various dimensions: cultural, social, political, psychological. Although there already has been interdisciplinary research of the role of music in the emergence of identity, we advocate for a more complementary approach, by a consideration of the psychological accounts, adjusted to the needs of ethno-anthropological analysis. As the most comprehensive theoretical approach, we propose cultural psychology of music. Future empirical research on specific identity processes mediation by music as cultural artifact, should include the analysis of intersecting local and global social trends, aspects of musicological analysis, specificities of psychological development of identity, the role of socio-political strategies of identity formation, and, last but not least, cultural specificity of the community in focus of the research. We find the complexity of the phenomenon in focus to be obligatory for the complexity of the theoretical and methodological approach.

Syria: Coup Politics, Authoritarian Regimes, and Savage War

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Droz-Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Military Politics ◽  
The Military

Why did the Syrian army play such a crucial role in the country? How did it change over the years after independence? At first glance, one would look at the post-independence history of coups d’état for an explanation. Such path dependence helps us to understand how the army positioned itself close to politics and how the surge of the military in the state (cor)related with huge changes in Syrian society. The political role of the Syrian military, however, is much more complex to decipher. The officer corps that acted behind many different regimes became a crucible for political scripts in Syria. The military or politicized cliques within it came to control (civilian) politics in Syria. Yet, quite differently from other Arab countries where coups took place, such as in Egypt, the Syrian army was much more subjected to broad social trends active in the modernizing of Syrian society, in particular the role of ethnicity and confessionalism. Closeness to politics had blowback effects on the (civilian) political system and even on the army institution itself, as it literally imploded in politics. Syrian politics was later “de-militarized” in a very specific sense, that is, politics was rebuilt on different grounds larger than just military politics, namely authoritarianism. The coup in November 1970 by Hafez al-Assad was a real break and not just another coup in a long series. A new political system was rebuilt by Hafez, himself an officer, with the army as a crucial pillar of his regime, much more focused on internal security functions than on waging wars with Israel. At the same time, however, Hafez pushed the officer corps away from direct politics and relied on other pillars, especially networks of power in the security services and the state bureaucracy. The Syrian military was transformed and adapted to this new enduring regime, quite a novelty in Syria when compared with the 1950s–1960s. The military was part of the enduring status quo of the Assad regime for 40 years and benefited from it—at least the high officers did. No wonder that in March 2011 and at times of Arab uprisings spreading from Tunisia to Egypt, Yemen, Libya, Bahrain, and Syria, the army was pulled by the regime into repression. The role of the Syrian military became all the more crucial as Syria treaded the path toward full-scale civil war after 2012, or after the latter took the form of a proxy war around Syria with huge regional and international interventions. After a substantial number of individual defections, the military was rebuilt during the conflict with Russian and Iranian support, and this support will be a key component of regime reformation in Syria.

Factors of preschoolers social experience formation

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Ilia А. Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Self Image

We provide a detailed analysis of the factors of preschoolers social experience formation: internal and external. The analysis of internal factors contains information on the psychophysical characteristics of preschool children: a characteristic of attention, memory, imagination, thinking of a given age children is given, the role of speech as a system-forming tool regulating the child’s mental processes is revealed. The analysis of external factors is based on a model that assumes the division of social development into four spheres: family, adults, peers, self-image. At the same time, self-image is considered as the result of the intersecting effect of three other spheres. Each of these areas is considered separately, taking into account the specifics of modern social trends and taking into account the nature of the organization of the modern preschool educational process. We give the characteristics of family relationships, the role of the adult world as a basic source of social standards for children is analyzed. When considering peers as one of the areas of social development of preschool children, special attention is given to the presence of children with disabilities among them. We point out the special role of relationships between children and peers with special educational needs, and these relationships are described as one of the meaning-forming foundations of preschool children’s formative social experience.

scholarly journals Parenting and Parenthoodas Research Domains

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Polivanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Family ◽  
Child Centered ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Research Domains

The article presents an analysis of a number of publications which concern the modern socio-cultural situation and its consequences on contemporary parenthood. The constructs "parenthood" and "parenting" are presented the first one refers to a social role of an adult with a child in relation to other social roles and the latter with the process of child rearing. The major social trends are presented: Contemporary parenthood is analyzed and problematized due to the nature of modern challenges faced by educated parents. The following trends are discussed: erosion of understandable, clearly presented stereotypes and patterns of child rearing in the family, increase of variability of practices of child-parent interaction, growth of supply on the market of goods and services. All these major social trends bring to the sunset of "natural" parenthood and the decision to have a child turns to be a consciously planned strategy. The article shows that the appeal to expert knowledge in child rearing which is characteristic of postmodern era leads to new uncertainties due to the variety of inconsistent advice and expertise. Discussion of the transformations experienced by the family shows the transition from child-centered to adult-centered pattern. Thus, the conclusion is that contemporary parenting takes place against many (conscious and unconscious) contradictions, particularly between the growing importance of the values of self-realization and commitment and the value of parenthood. This contradiction brings to stress and anxiety which in turn damages the perception of oneself as a parent. The growth of interest in the study of parental identity and self-efficacy is considered to be a promising direction of research.

scholarly journals A Warden or a Ballerina: Examining the Relationship between Gender Socialization, and Occupational Choice among Prison Wardens and Superintendents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Altendorf
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Career Experiences ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
Prison Wardens

This study explores the career experiences of women who hold leadership positions within the field of corrections as Wardens and Superintendents. Specifically the research seeks to examine the personal biographies of these women in an effort to document life experiences shaping their occupational choices. Twenty nine interviews were conducted with wardens and superintendents from 13 states. Subjects were questioned about family, education, perceptions of occupational choice, and career aspirations. Generational differences exist between female wardens in relation to boarder social trends in gender and occupation. The more support women receive from parents and family to pursue education and careers, the more likely they were to have clearly established goals toward that end. The more educational and career opportunities women perceive and being available, the more likely they will pursue those goals. The role of women in the field of corrections has changed dramatically over the past fifty years and women working in corrections are redefining femininity in a masculine organizational culture.

scholarly journals The role of means of communication in changing the attitudes of Palestinian youth A Field Study on a Sample of University Students in the West Bank: دور وسائل الاتصال في تغير اتجاهات الشباب الفلسطيني دراسة ميدانية على عينة من طلبة الجامعات بالضفة الغربية

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emran Ali Elian
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
The Social

    This study aims to identify the role of the means of communication by changing social, cultural, economic and political trends ,from the viewpoint of Palestinian university students in west bank, in the light of some demographic variables, and to achieve the objectives of the study were used descriptive and analytical approach, the study sample consisted which was the analysis of the data from the (168) students , they applied a questionnaire consisted of (28) items, divided into four main areas. The study concluded that a set of results, including: that the role of the means of communication in changing social trends came by (88.96%), and was the area of ​​change in the social sphere in the first place with a relative weight reached (96%), followed by a change in the cultural field relative weight was ( 91.06%), then the economic sphere relative weight was (89.90%), and was the last level the political field by (82.90%). and it found that there were no statistically significant differences between the averages of students' estimates of the role of the means of communication in changing social attitudes attributed to the variables of age, sex, social status, and academic level. In light of the results of the study the researcher recommended the need to encourage dialogue; to increase awareness to achieve positive change through media and advertising campaigns, and the importance of university curricula included topics about youth participation in political programs, economic, and social and cultural to bring about positive change.    

L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory: globalisation, post-non-classical paradigm and digitalisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
V. А. Pishchalnikova
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Evolution Of Consciousness ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Historical Theory

L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory postulates the underlying unity of psychological and social factors contributing to the formation of man. It explains both internal factors determining the evolution of consciousness and social trends in social development. The paper highlights the role of L. S. Vygotsky’s theory in the interpretation of the changes in the modern human consciousness. These changes are caused by new culture tools of knowledge building currently created in the information space. The author emphasises the following ideas proposed by L. S. Vygotsky: 1) signs are functionally analogous to tools; 2) culture intentionally creates objects to realise its communicative-significative function; 3) sign utilization leads to the formation of fundamentally new associative bonds in the brain. Such bonds create a novel regulatory mechanism of human behaviour; 4) social determination of man is achieved with the help of signs; 5) the formation and functioning of mind depend on the means of thought and individual sociocultural experience; 6) ‘socialised speech’ influences the evolution of inner speech as a specific type of thinking-in-words and the logic of thinking; 7) the historical evolution of human culture plays the key role in the formation and functioning of individual psyches; 8) due to sign usage the nature of human evolution changed from biological to sociohistorical; consequently, mankind’s evolution significantly depends on the signs used by individuals. Modern digital technologies actively generate signs whose nature is contrary to verbal ones. The process of globalisation and the values of the post-non-classical mindset sustain generation of such signs. Globalisation creates a standardised and maximally regimented reality, which contributes to the reinforcement of reduplication as the socially approved way of knowledge use. What is more, globalisation requires revision of the traditional humanistic values and customs. Post-non-classical thinking enhances individuals’ feelings of insecurity and uncertainty, thus nearly making them act within the framework of conventional behavioural and mental models.

Routine Activity Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Activity Theory ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Criminal Opportunity ◽  
Criminological Theories

Historically, criminological theories have aimed to explain criminal propensity, providing explanations for why some individuals are more likely than others to commit an offense. Conversely, less attention has been paid to the other element of a crime event: opportunity. This trend was radically altered from the 1970s onward, in large part due to Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson’s creation of a “routine activity approach” to understanding crime trends. The scholars proposed that, beyond the necessity of a motivated offender, crimes occur when suitable targets are present and capable guardians are absent. The contribution of routine activity theory increased interest in the role of criminal opportunity substantially, with various streams of research coalescing into a school of criminological thought known as “environmental criminology,” sometimes referred to as “crime science.” Routine activity theory is central to these approaches and is focused on crime reduction through the prevention and control of chances to commit crime. Routine activity theory was initially proposed as a sociological perspective, as Cohen and Felson explored aggregate associations between social trends (such as sociodemographic changes in household activity and urbanization) and the risk of victimization. Their analyses suggested that as changes occurred in the routine activities of Americans post-World War II, crime rates increased. From this original conceptualization, routine activity theory has evolved into the “crime triangle,” which provides a way of analyzing crime problems. The triangle depicts that crime events occur when motivated offenders and attractive targets converge in space and time in the absence of guardianship. Research has further specified that three crime control actions paired with these elements—handling for offenders, guarding for targets, and managing for places—can reduce crime events. There are now hundreds of studies that examine the relationship between routine activities and crime, with many of these empirical investigations organized around the crime triangle. Theoretical advancements have outlined the role of targets and guardians, the levels of responsibility of crime controllers, the attractiveness of targets, the characteristics of (in)effective guardianship, and the social processes related to the presence or absence of handlers, guardians, and managers. Considering the combined contributions of this canon of literature, the evidence is clear in demonstrating the utility of routine activity theory for understanding and preventing crime.

scholarly journals In Cars (Are We Really Safest of All?): Interior Sensing and Emotional Opacity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew McStay ◽  
Lachlan Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Affective States ◽  
The Road ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Driver Monitoring ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Vision Zero

This paper considers car driver monitoring systems that measure bodies to infer and react to emotions and other affective states. Situated within social trends in personalisation and automation, developers of driver monitoring systems promise increased safety on the road and comfort for cabin occupants. The impetus is threefold, namely: (1) European road safety policy seeks to vastly reduce road deaths using computational surveillance; (2) interest in the role of safety solutions based on in-cabin sensing of emotion and affective states of drivers and passengers; and 3) autonomous driving trends changing the nature of interactions between vehicle and driver. These systems are of special interest because they are backed by policy and standards initiatives, not least the European Union’s Vision Zero policy that seeks to reduce road death to zero, and industry-oriented safety programmes like the New Car Assessment Programme (NCAP). Informed by 13 expert interviews with interviewees working in and around in-cabin sensing developments, this paper identifies and explores features of emergent in-cabin profiling through emotional AI and biometric measures. It then carries ambivalent insights found into analysis of applicable European regulations, also finding a deep ambivalence in the politics of Emotional AI for interior sensing of cabins and occupants.

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