scholarly journals Age-related histochemical investigations of small intestinal goblet cells in bronze turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
D. Yovchev ◽  
G. Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Acid Mucins

The aim of the study was to investigate the goblet cell types and their density in the small intestine of bronze turkey (Meleagris meleagris gallopovo), by means of Alcian blue-PAS staining. Sixty birds from 10 age groups were used. In the duodenum and jejunum, goblet cells produced acid, neutral and mixed mucins, while in the jejunum - acid mucins. A negative relationship was observed between cell density and either duodenum or jejunum lengths; such a correlation was not established in the ileum.

Ontogenetic development of monosaccharide and amino acid transporters in rabbit intestine

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. G544-G555 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Buddington ◽  
J. M. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Sugar Absorption ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rabbit Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Rabbit Milk

We measured brush-border uptakes of seven sugars and amino acids by rabbit intestine as a function of age from the day of birth to adulthood. Gut dimensions, especially those of the colon and cecum, increase more rapidly with body weight than would be true if rabbits maintained identical proportions as they grew. However, nominal small intestinal area increases in approximately direct proportion to the animal's basal metabolic rate. For all solutes except fructose, uptake per milligram of intestinal tissue is maximal at or near birth and declines to a level 2.5-5 times lower in the adult. Because of small intestinal growth, though, the total uptake capacity of the whole length of the small intestine increases in approximately direct proportion to metabolic rate. Fructose uptake per milligram is unique in increasing steeply at the time of weaning, correlated with the post-weaning first appearance of fructose in the natural diet. Age-related changes in uptake ratios among aldohexoses or amino acids suggest developmental sequences of related transporters. Correlated with the very high protein content of rabbit milk, the proline-to-glucose uptake ratio is higher in suckling rabbits than in other sucking mammals. Remarkably, the ratio for adult rabbits is higher than in other monogastric herbivores and is instead similar to values for carnivores. In explanation, although the transport capacity of the small intestine appears to account for proline absorption in rabbits of all ages and for sugar absorption in suckling rabbits, the hindgut may be a major site of carbohydrate digestion in adult rabbits.

A method for examining differential mRNA expression along the crypt–villus axis of the human small intestine

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Eddy CHUA ◽  
Qiong WANG ◽  
Paul O'TOOLE ◽  
Martin LOMBARD
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
Different Cell Types

1.The aim of this study was to devise a method of segregating crypt and villus cell subpopulations from endoscopic human small intestinal biopsies which might be used to examine changes associated with functional differentiation at the molecular level. 2.Routine endoscopic biopsies from the human small intestine were subjected to a modified protocol of mechanical disruption and chelation to yield subpopulations of different cell types. The purity and character of the cell populations isolated was assessed by measuring enzyme activity and thymidine incorporation and by histology. A guanidinium isothiocyanate method was adapted for small samples to extract RNA from the isolated subpopulations, and probes for RNA with a known predilection for crypt and villus cells were used to further investigate the application and usefulness of the technique. 3.Sequential histological examination during the segregation protocol demonstrated that different cell types were removed serially from the biopsy samples. Cell-type enrichment of the segregated subpopulations was demonstrated by differential alkaline phosphatase activity and by differences in thymidine incorporation in the samples isolated. Sufficient quantities of RNA could be extracted from the segregated subpopulations for Northern blot analysis and the differential expression of mRNA for sucrase-isomaltase and transferrin receptor was demonstrated in the villus and crypt subpopulations respectively. 4.Messenger RNA can be successfully extracted from different cell types segregated from routine human endoscopic small intestinal biopsies. This technique should prove useful for investigating the mechanisms regulating the functional differentiation of epithelial cells in the small intestine and the regulatory mechanisms governing absorption of macromolecules.

scholarly journals A comparative anatomical, histological and histochemical study of small intestine in Kestrel (Falco tunniculus) and white eared bulbul (Picnonotic leucotis) according to their food type

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. AL-A´araji
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Neutral Mucin ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Anatomical Part

     This study was conducted on 30 birds (15 birds for each type) divided as 10 birds for each part of study. Anatomical part revealed that the small intestine in both birds kestrel (Falco tinniculus) and white eared bulbul (Picnonotic leucotis) formed from 3 segments; duodenum, jejunum and ileum with no clear demarcation line between them. In kestrel the Meckel's diverticulum appeared as small projection to separate between jejunum and ileum. Both ratio of intestinal length to body length and of intestinal weight to body weight was higher in bulbul than those in kestrel.  Histological study showed that the wall of all three parts of small intestine was composed of the same histological layers; these are mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. There was almost similarity in structure of these tunics but significant differences in several Histomorphometric measurements of each tunica. Goblet cells were more abundant in all parts of small intestine of bulbul than those in kestrel and there was a gradual increasing in the number of these cells toward the end of intestine of both birds. Histochemical part of this study appeared that in villi and crypts of all small intestinal segments of both birds the goblet cells secrete neutral mucin in nature because it showed negative reaction to Alcian blue stain and positive to PAS stain.

scholarly journals The small bowel microbiome changes significantly with age and aspects of the ageing process

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Gabriela Leite ◽  
Mark Pimentel ◽  
Gillian M. Barlow ◽  
Ruchi Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Ageing ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Host Metabolism

Gut microbiome changes have been associated with human ageing and implicated in age-related diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. However, studies to date have used stool samples, which do not represent the entire gut. Although more challenging to access, the small intestine plays critical roles in host metabolism and immune function. In this paper (Leite et al. (2021), Cell Reports, doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109765), we demonstrate significant differences in the small intestinal microbiome in older subjects, using duodenal aspirates from 251 subjects aged 18-80 years. Differences included significantly decreased microbial diversity in older subjects, driven by increased relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria, particularly family Enterobacteriaceae and coliform genera Escherichia and Klebsiella. Moreover, while this decreased diversity was associated with the ‘ageing process’ (comprising chronologic age, number of medications, and number of concomitant diseases), changes in certain taxa were found to be associated with number of medications alone (Klebsiella), number of diseases alone (Clostridium, Bilophila), or chronologic age alone (Escherichia, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus). Lastly, many taxa associated with increasing chronologic age were anaerobes. These changes may contribute to changes in human health that occur during the ageing process.

Effect of Lunasin Extract on Histopathology of Mice Induced with Azoxymethane and Dextran Sodium Sulfate: Focus on Small Intestine Changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6117-6124
Author(s):  
Euginia Christa ◽  
Kusmardi
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Small Intestine Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Within the last decade, incidence of small bowel cancer has increased by more than fourfold. This number is predicted to steadily rise due to shift in diet and lifestyle. The primary and only definite therapy for small intestine cancer is radical segmental resection, which carries side effects and risks during and after surgery. Current chemotherapy and neoadjuvant therapy do not exert significant result. Lunasin, a novel peptide originated from soybean, is believed to promote cellular health epigenetically and reduce inflammation. There is possibility for lunasin extract to emerge as a new and effective adjuvant therapy for small intestine malignancies. A total of 20 Balb/c mice were divided into four groups. All mice were induced with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. For the next six weeks, each group was given different concentration of lunasin extract. After eight weeks, the mice were sacrificed. The small intestinal tissue was harvested and stained using hematoxylin-eosin. The amount of hyperplasia, dysplasia, angiogenesis, inflammatory foci, and goblet cells were then observed under the microscope. There is significant difference in the amount of dysplasia (p = 0.000) and angiogenesis (p = 0.009) among the groups that receive different concentrations of lunasin. However, there is no effect of lunasin administration to the amount of hyperplasia, inflammatory foci, and goblet cells. Nondose-dependent administration of lunasin extract improves dysplasia and angiogenesis, but not other factors in small intestine carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical study of the effects of heavy metals on the intestinal mucosa in prepubertal rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
P.A. Elyasin ◽  
◽  
S.V. Zalavina ◽  
A.N. Mashak ◽  
E.V. Ovsyanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Prepubertal Rats ◽  
Small Intestinal

Introduction. Numerous studies of pathological effects of heavy metals were mostly carried out on adult experimental animals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the markers of proliferation and apoptosis in the mucosa of the small intestine in Wistar prepubertal rats under isolated and combined exposure to cadmium and lead at subtoxic doses. Materials and methods. We used immunohistochemistry to study Ki67 and p53 expression in the mucosa of the small intestine in 40 male Wistar prepubertal rats aged 4 weeks, the animals having been exposed to isolated or combined per os subtoxic cadmium and/or lead doses for 21 days. Results. In paraffin sections, we observed a significant increase in Ki67 expression in the epithelium of the small intestine in the group of combined exposure to heavy metals compared to Ki67 expression in the control group and other groups with isolated exposure to cadmium or lead. p53 expression in the epithelium of the small intestinal crypts and villi grew in the experimental groups compared to that in the control group, the highest indices being in the combined exposure group. The number of epithelial goblet cells significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared to that in the control group, the smallest number of goblet cells being observed in isolated exposure to lead compared to that in all other groups. Conclusion. Heavy toxic metals cadmium and lead induced the proliferative activity of epithelial cells in the small intestinal mucosa combined with an increased p53 expression and reduced number of epithelial goblet cells. Keywords: small intestinal mucosa, prepubertal rats, cadmium, lead, proliferation, apoptosis, immunohis-tochemistry

scholarly journals Decoding the transcriptional response to ischemic stroke in young and aged mouse brain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Androvic ◽  
Denisa Belov Kirdajova ◽  
Jana Tureckova ◽  
Daniel Zucha ◽  
Eva Rohlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Selective Vulnerability ◽  
Type I ◽  
Aged Mouse ◽  
Age Related

AbstractIschemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and major healthcare and economic burden. It is a well-recognized disease of aging, yet it is unclear how the age-dependent vulnerability occurs and what are the underlying mechanisms. To address these issues, we performed a comprehensive RNA-Seq analysis of aging, ischemic stroke and their interaction using a model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in 3 and 18 month old female mice. We assessed differential gene expression across injury status and age, estimated cell type proportion changes, assayed the results against a range of transcriptional signatures from the literature and performed unsupervised co-expression analysis, identifying modules of genes with varying response to injury. We uncovered selective vulnerability of neuronal populations and increased activation of type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and several other inflammatory pathways in aged mice. We extended these findings via targeted expression analysis in tissue as well as acutely purified cellular populations to show differential temporal dynamics of IFN-I signaling between age groups and contribution of individual cell types. Together, these results paint a picture of ischemic stroke as a complex age-related disease and provide insights into interaction of aging and stroke on cellular and molecular level.Graphical summary

scholarly journals Selective sparing of goblet cells and Paneth cells in the intestine of methotrexate-treated rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. G1037-G1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Verburg ◽  
Ingrid B. Renes ◽  
Helen P. Meijer ◽  
Jan A. J. M. Taminiau ◽  
Hans A. Büller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
Trefoil Factor ◽  
Carbamoyl Phosphate ◽  
Epithelial Morphology ◽  
Trefoil Factor 3 ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Induced Changes

Proliferation, differentiation, and cell death were studied in small intestinal and colonic epithelia of rats after treatment with methotrexate. Days 1–2 after treatment were characterized by decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and decreased numbers and depths of small intestinal crypts in a proximal-to-distal decreasing gradient along the small intestine. The remaining crypt epithelium appeared flattened, except for Paneth cells, in which lysozyme protein and mRNA expression was increased. Regeneration through increased proliferation during days 3–4 coincided with villus atrophy, showing decreased numbers of villus enterocytes and decreased expression of the enterocyte-specific genes sucrase-isomaltase and carbamoyl phosphate synthase I. Remarkably, goblet cells were spared at villus tips and remained functional, displaying Muc2 and trefoil factor 3 expression. On days 8–10, all parameters had returned to normal in the whole small intestine. No methotrexate-induced changes were seen in epithelial morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, Muc2, and TFF3 immunostaining in the colon. The observed small intestinal sparing of Paneth cells and goblet cells following exposure to methotrexate is likely to contribute to epithelial defense during increased vulnerability of the intestinal epithelium.

scholarly journals Age-Related Value of Anti-Mullerian Hormone

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Doaa Noor ◽  
Rasmiyah Al-Midhachi ◽  
Ghufran jaafar ◽  
Maysoon Sharief
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Child Hospital

Background: There is a correlation between anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and the age when it becomes undetectable during menopause. The AMH immunoassay has been widely estimated in clinical practice to assist in reproduction and infertility treatment. Objective: To investigate the normal level of serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in relation to women’s age in Basra. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in Basra Maternity and Child Hospital from January 2018 to September 2019. Serum AMH levels were estimated for 975 women aged 15–50 years. They were classified into 7 age groups:15–20, 20–25, 25–30, 30–35, 35–40, 40–45 and 45–50 years. Serum AMH and FSH levels were determined by commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results: Negative relationship was noticed between AMH concentration and age. The mean AMH levels for the age groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were 4.9 ng/ml, 4.25ng/ml, 3.27 ng/ml, 2.43ng/ml, 2.17ng/ml, 1.95ng/ml and 0.9ng/ml respectively. Conclusions: This study recorded normal levels of AMH in women in Basra. These levels can be considered for the medical treatment of infertile women. Keywords: age, anti-mullerian hormone, FSH.

Immigrant Youth in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Frankenberg ◽  
Katharina Kupper ◽  
Ruth Wagner ◽  
Stephan Bongard
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sociocultural Adaptation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
German School ◽  
Transcultural Adaptation

This paper reviews research on young migrants in Germany. Particular attention is given to the question of how Germany’s history of migration, immigration policies, and public attitude toward migrants influence the transcultural adaptation of children and adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds. We combine past research with the results of new empirical studies in order to shed light on migrants’ psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Studies comparing young migrants and their German peers in terms of psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and mental health outcome suggest higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems among migrants of most age groups. With regard to adolescent populations between the ages of 14 and 17 years, however, the existence of differences between migrants and natives appears to be less clear. Research has also yielded inconsistent findings regarding the time trajectory of transcultural adaptation among adolescents. The coincidence of acculturation and age-related change is discussed as a possible source of these inconsistencies. Further, we provide an overview of risk and protective factors such as conflicting role expectations and ethnic discrimination, which may cause heightened vulnerability to adverse adaptation outcomes in some groups. Large-scale studies have repeatedly shown migrants of all age groups to be less successful within the German school system, indicating poor sociocultural adaptation. Possible explanations, such as the idiosyncrasies of the German school system, are presented. Our own studies contribute to the understanding of young migrants’ adaptation process by showing that it is their orientation to German culture, rather than the acculturation strategy of integration, that leads to the most positive psychological and sociocultural outcomes. The paper concludes by discussing implications for future cross-cultural research on young migrants and by suggesting recommendations for multicultural policies.

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