scholarly journals Effect of water acidification on some morphological, digestive and production traits in broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
A. Hreško ŠamudovskáŠamudovská ◽  
M. Demeterová ◽  
M. Skalická ◽  
L. Bujňák ◽  
P. Naď
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Water Acidification ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Relative Effects of Dietary Administration of a Competitive Exclusion Culture and a Synbiotic Product, Age and Sampling Site on Intestinal Microbiota Maturation in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Such ◽  
Valéria Farkas ◽  
Gábor Csitári ◽  
László Pál ◽  
Aliz Márton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Genus Lactobacillus ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
Dietary Treatments

In this research, the effects of early post-hatch inoculation of a competitive exclusion product (Br) and the continuous feeding of a synbiotic supplement (Sy) containing probiotic bacteria, yeast, and inulin on the production traits and composition of ileal chymus (IC), ileal mucosa (IM), and caecal chymus (CC) microbiota of broiler chickens were evaluated. The dietary treatments had no significant effects on the pattern of intestinal microbiota or production traits. The digestive tract bacteriota composition was affected mostly by the sampling place and age of birds. The dominant family of IC was Lactobacillaceae, without change with the age. The abundance of the two other major families, Enterococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae decreased with the age of birds. In the IM, Clostridiaceae was the main family in the first three weeks. Its ratio decreased later and Lactobacillaceae became the dominant family. In the CC, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were the main families with decreasing tendency in the age. In IC, Br treatment decreased the abundance of genus Lactobacillus, and both Br and Sy increased the ratio of Enterococcus at day 7. In all gut segments, a negative correlation was found between the IBD antibody titer levels and the ratio of genus Leuconostoc in the first three weeks, and a positive correlation was found in the case of Bifidobacterium, Rombutsia, and Turicibacter between day 21 and 40.

scholarly journals Anatomical and biomechanical traits of broiler chickens across ontogeny. Part II. Body segment inertial properties and muscle architecture of the pelvic limb

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Paxton ◽  
Peter G Tickle ◽  
Jeffery W Rankin ◽  
Jonathan R Codd ◽  
John R Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Pelvic Limb

In broiler chickens, genetic success for desired production traits is often shadowed by welfare concerns related to musculoskeletal health. Whilst these concerns are clear, a viable solution is still elusive. Part of the solution lies in knowing how anatomical changes in afflicted body systems that occur across ontogenyinfluence standing and moving. Here, to demonstrate these changes we quantify the segment inertial properties of the whole body, trunk (legs removed) and the right pelvic limb segments of five broilers at three different age groups across development. We also consider how muscle architecture (mass, fascicle length and other properties related to mechanics) changes for selected muscles of the pelvic limb. Wholelimb morphology is not uniform relative to body size, with broilers obtaining large thighs and feet between four and six weeks of age. This implies that the energetic cost of swinging the limbs is markedly increased across this growth period, perhaps contributing to reduced activity levels. Hindlimb bone length does not change during this period, which may be advantageous for increased stability despite the increased energetic costs. Increased pectoral muscle growth appears to move the centre of mass cranio-dorsally in the last two weeks of growth. This has direct consequences for ventilation (heavier sterna apparatus must be moved with each breath) and locomotion (potentially greater limb muscle stresses during standing andmoving). Our study is the first to measure these changes in the musculoskeletal system across growth in chickens, and reveals how artificially selected changes of the morphology of the pectoral apparatus may cause deficits in locomotion, as well as breathing.

Effect of combined treatment with aflatoxin B 1 and T-2 toxin and metabolites on some production traits and lipid peroxide status parameters of broiler chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Pál ◽  
Károly Dublecz ◽  
Mária Weber ◽  
Krisztián Balogh ◽  
Márta Erdélyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Three groups of cockerels were fed with a control diet, with a diet contaminated with T-2 and HT-2 toxin (0.31 and 0.26 mg/kg) or with that containing a combination of T-2 and HT-2 toxin (0.32 and 0.25 mg/kg) and aflatoxin B1(AFB1, 0.38 mg/kg) for 21 days. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly among the groups. Malondialdehyde concentration of the liver was lower in the group fed the diet contaminated with the combination of T-2 + HT-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1as compared to the control group or the group fed T-2 + HT-2 toxins. Reduced glutathione (GSH) content of the liver was lower in the T-2 + HT-2 group than in the group fed a combination of T-2, HT-2 and aflatoxin. Reduced glutathione content of the heart was higher in the T-2 + HT-2 group than in the control group. Mycotoxin contamination had no effect on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in comparison to the control, but significantly lower GSH-Px activity was found in the heart of chickens in the T-2 + HT-2 + AFB1group than in the T-2 + HT-2 group. In this study, T-2 + HT-2 toxin and aflatoxin B1contamination of the diets did not affect the production traits adversely and did not exert additive effects on lipid peroxidation and on the glutathione redox system.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage cocktail supplementation improves growth performance, gut microbiome and production traits in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Devi Upadhaya ◽  
Je Min Ahn ◽  
Jae Hyoung Cho ◽  
Hyeun Bum Kim ◽  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Background: Effective antibiotic alternatives are the urgent need of poultry industry to control disease outbreaks. Phage therapy mainly utilizes lytic phages to kill their respective bacterial hosts and can be attractive solution to combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance in livestock. Methods: Five hundred and four one-day--old broilers (Ross 308) were allotted into 1 of 4 treatment groups according to a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments consisted of CON (basal diet), PC (CON + 0.025% Avilamax®(antibiotics), TR1 (CON + 0.05% bacteriophage), and TR2 (CON + 0.10 % bacteriophage) groups. Results: A significant linear effect on body weight gain (BWG) was observed during day 1-7, day 22-35, and overall experiment in bacteriophage (BP) supplemented groups. The BWG tended to be higher (P = 0.08) and the feed intake (FI) was increased (P = 0.017) in birds fed PC than CON diets. A greater (P = 0.016) BWG and trends in increased FI (P = 0.06) were observed during the overall experiment period in birds fed PC than CON diet. A trend in linear (P = 0.0833) increment in excreta Lactobacillus counts was observed in birds fed graded level of BP supplemented diets. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was decreased in PC (65.28%), while it was similar in TR1, 2, (90.65%, 86.72%, 81.44%) compared to CON (90.19%). At the species level, relative abundance of Lactobacillus salivarus was higher in TR1 (40.15%) and TR2 (38.58%) compared with CON (20.04%) and PC (18.05%). A linear reduction in the weight of Bursa of Fabricus (P = 0.022) and spleen (P = 0.052) was seen in birds fed increasing level of BP diets and a trend in increment (P = 0.059) in the weight of gizzard was observed in birds fed PC than BP diets. Linear and quadratic responses were observed in redness of breast muscle color in birds fed graded level of BP. Conclusions:The increase in dietary BP supplementation linearly increased BWG, Lactobacillus counts and enhanced beneficial microbiota in the gut, and 0.05% BP addition was sufficient for supporting immune organs, bursa and spleen.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage cocktail supplementation improves growth performance, gut microbiome and production traits in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Devi Upadhaya ◽  
Je Min Ahn ◽  
Jae Hyoung Cho ◽  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
Dae Kyung Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Effect

Abstract Background Effective antibiotic alternatives are urgently needed in the poultry industry to control disease outbreaks. Phage therapy mainly utilizes lytic phages to kill their respective bacterial hosts and can be an attractive solution to combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance in livestock. Methods Five hundred and four, one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were allotted to 1 of 4 treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of CON (basal diet), PC (CON + 0.025% Avilamax®), BP 0.05 (CON + 0.05% bacteriophage), and BP 0.10 (CON + 0.10% bacteriophage). Results A significant linear effect on body weight gain (BWG) was observed during days 1–7, days 22–35, and cumulatively in bacteriophage (BP) supplemented groups. The BWG tended to be higher (P = 0.08) and the feed intake (FI) was increased (P = 0.017) in the PC group over CON group. A greater (P = 0.016) BWG and trends in increased FI (P = 0.06) were observed in the experiment in birds fed PC than CON diet. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was decreased in PC (65.28%), while it was similar in BP 0.05 and BP 0.10 (90.65%, 86.72%) compared to CON (90.19%). At the species level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus salivarus was higher in BP 0.05 (40.15%) and BP 0.10 (38.58%) compared to the CON (20.04%) and PC (18.05%). A linear reduction in the weight of bursa of Fabricius (P = 0.022) and spleen (P = 0.052) was observed in birds fed graded level of BP and an increase (P = 0.059) in the weight of gizzard was observed in birds fed PC over BP diets. Linear and quadratic responses were observed in redness of breast muscle color in birds fed graded level of BP. Conclusions The inclusion of the 0.05% and 0.1% BP cocktail linearly improved broiler weight during the first 7 days, 22–35 days and cumulatively, whereas 0.05% BP addition was sufficient for supporting immune organs, bursa and spleen as well as enhancing gut microbiome, indicating the efficacy of 0.05% BP as a substitute antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets.

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