scholarly journals NUTRIENT RETENTION IN SURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND IN AGRICULTURAL LAND IN LATVIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda GRINBERGA ◽  
Ainis LAGZDINS
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations

The research site consists of a pilot-scale surface flow constructed wetland at the farm Mezaciruli located in Zalenieki County, Jelgava Region, in the middle part of Latvia. The constructed wetland was installed in June 2014 to improve water quality in agricultural catchment and examine nutrient retention at the constructed wetland receiving surface and drainage runoff. The constructed wetland’s surface area of 0.37 ha corresponds to 0.5 % of the total catchment area. During the observation period of 32 months (2014-2017) water quality parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P), and total phosphorus (TP) were monitored twice a month using a grab sample approach. Retention efficiency for monitored water quality parameters was calculated based on their concentrations at the inlet and outlet. The monitoring results obtained during this study showed a reduction within the constructed wetland for all examined parameters. The concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and TN were reduced on average by 13 %, 15 % and 16 %, respectively. PO4-P and TP concentrations were reduced on average by 38 % and 36 %, respectively. Total suspended solids were reduced by 31% at the outlet of the constructed wetland. However, in some cases, an increase in nutrient concentrations in water leaving the constructed wetland was observed. Therefore, there is a need for further research to investigate causes of such increase.

The improvement of water quality indicators in constructed wetland treatment systems in Latvia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Grinberga ◽  
Ainis Lagzdins
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland

<p>This study includes water quality monitoring data obtained since June, 2014 at the farm located in the middle part of Latvia. The water treatment system with two separate constructed wetlands was established to improve water quality in agricultural area. A surface flow constructed wetland received drainage runoff from the agricultural catchment basin. A subsurface flow constructed wetland was implemented to retain nutrients from the surface runoff collected in the area of impermeable pavements of the farmyard. As there are no other specific calculations recommended for the designing of constructed wetlands in Latvia, both wetlands were calculated basing on the surface area of the constructed wetland/catchment area ratio. The surface area of the subsurface flow constructed wetland was deigned by 1.2% of the catchment area and the ratio was 0.5 % for the surface flow constructed wetland.</p><p>Water samples were collected manually by grab sampling method once or twice per month basing on a flowrate. Water quality parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P), and total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analysed to monitor the performance of both wetlands. The concentrations at the inlet and outlet were compared to evaluate the efficiency of the water treatment.</p><p>The concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and TN were reduced on average by 21 %, 35 % and 20 %, respectively for the surface flow constructed wetland. PO4-P and TP concentrations were reduced on average by 31 % and 45 %, respectively for the surface flow constructed wetland. Total suspended solids were reduced by 17% at the outlet of the surface flow constructed wetland. However, in some cases, an increase in nutrient concentrations in water leaving the wetland was observed. The study showed the constant reduction of the PO4-P and TP concentrations 82 % and 83 %, respectively in the subsurface flow constructed wetland. The concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and TN were reduced on average by 14 %, 66 % and 53 %, respectively for the subsurface flow constructed wetland. BOD and COD reduction on average by 93 % and 83 %, respectively in for the subsurface flow constructed wetland indicated the ability of the treatment system to be adapted for wastewater treatment with high content of organic matter under the given climate conditions. This study outlined that the farmyards should receive a special attention regarding surface runoff management.</p>

scholarly journals Correlations chart: Tool to analyse the dynamics of water quality parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
Cézar H. B. Rocha ◽  
Antoine P. Casquin ◽  
Renata O. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Minas Gerais State

ABSTRACT The search for statistical techniques and forms of graphical representation that can explain the most relevant correlations among limnological variables can help interpret phenomena in a body of water. The objective of the article was to propose a graphical representation of the correlations among limnological variables applied in the contributing basin of the Dr. João Penido reservoir, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Six sections were monitored monthly from May 2012 to April 2014, analysing 15 water quality parameters and their statistical correlations. The correlations were represented graphically with the program Gephi 0.8.2-beta. The influence of organic matter (of natural and anthropogenic origin resulting from pasture runoff and sewage) on water quality was verified, with an observed increase in water quality parameters especially nitrogen and phosphorous, oxygen consumed, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity and total suspended solids. It is concluded that the correlation chart assists in the understanding of the dynamics of the water quality parameters at the different sites analysed.

EFFECT OF COVERING IRRIGATION CHANNELS ON TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS AND TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherine Ahmed ElBaradei ◽  
Mai Wagih AlSadeq ◽  
Sarah Ehab Abdel Kader
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Losses

The increase in the evaporation rate is one of the crucial effects of climate change. Water losses due to evaporation are considered as an important challenge that faces the agriculture sector considering the recent water crisis in Egypt. So, covering irrigation canals with the aim to decrease evaporation could be a good solution for this problem, especially if the coverage is expected to be used for power production by covering these canals with solar panels. However, the main concern is the effect of the covering on the quality of water. So, this research study investigates the effect of irrigation canals’ covering on rates of evaporation and some water quality variables specifically total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS). The results of the study showed that covering irrigation canals will have a significant effect on water quality parameters. It is found that the studied water quality parameters; TSS and TDS both are decreasing from 56.39 to 56.35 mg/l and from 160.15 to 160.00 mg/l, respectively by increasing the percentage coverage of the canal from 0% to 100%.

Seagrass depth range and water quality in southern Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Abal ◽  
WC Dennison
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Moreton Bay ◽  
A Site

Correlations between water quality parameters and seagrass depth penetration were developed for use as a biological indicator of integrated light availability and long-term trends in water quality. A year-long water quality monitoring programme in Moreton Bay was coupled with a series of seagrass depth transects. A strong gradient between the western (landward) and eastern (seaward) portions of Moreton Bay was observed in both water quality and seagrass depth range. Higher concentrations of chlorophyll a, total suspended solids, dissolved and total nutrients, and light attenuation coefficients in the water column and correspondingly shallower depth limits of the seagrass Zostera capricorni were observed in the western portions of the bay. Relatively high correlation coefficient values (r2 > 0.8) were observed between light attenuation coefficient, total suspended solids, chlorophyll a, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and Zostera capricorni depth range. Low correlation coefficient values (r2 < 0.8) between seagrass depth range and dissolved inorganic nutrients were observed. Seagrasses had disappeared over a five-year period near the mouth of the Logan River, a turbid river with increased land use in its watershed. At a site 9 km from the river mouth, a significant decrease in seagrass depth range corresponded to higher light attenuation, chlorophyll a, total suspended solids and total nitrogen content relative to a site 21 km from the river mouth. Seagrass depth penetration thus appears to be a sensitive bio-indicator of some water quality parameters, with application for water quality management.

scholarly journals Limnology of Merbok estuary, Kedah, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Wan Maznah Wan Omar ◽  
Mansor Mat Isa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Hand Temperature ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Merbok Estuary

Water quality in three different stations of Merbok estuary was investigated limnologically from October, 2010 to September, 2011. Water temperature, transparency and total suspended solids (TSS) varied from 27.45 - 30.450C, 7.5 - 120 cm and 10 -140 mg/l, respectively. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration ranged from 1.22-10.8 mg/l, while salinity ranged from 3.5-35.00 ppt. pH and conductivity ranged from 6.35 - 8.25 and 40 - 380 ?S/cm, respectively. Kruskal Wallis H test shows that water quality parameters were significantly different among the sampling months and stations (p<0.05). This study revealed that DO, salinity, conductivity and transparency were higher in wet season and TSS was higher in dry season. On the other hand, temperature and pH did not follow any seasonal trends.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(1): 13-19, 2013

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Analysis of the Dependence of Water Quality on Land Use Using Linear and Mixed Models

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Johann Alexander Vera Mercado ◽  
Bernard Engel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Land use influences water quality in streams at different spatial scales and varies in time and space. Water quality has long been associated with agricultural and urban land uses in catchments. The effects of developed, forest, pasture, and agricultural land use on nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite (NNN); total phosphorus (TP); total suspended solids (TSS); chemical oxygen demand (COD); dissolved oxygen (DO) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations and their sensitivity were quantified to spatial pattern differences. The linear mixed modeling framework was used to examine the importance of spatial extent on models with water quality parameters as the response variable and land use types as the predictor variable. The results indicated that land use categories on different water quality parameters were significant and dependent on the selected spatial scales. Land use exhibited a strong association with total phosphorus and total suspended solids for close reach distances. Phosphorus is not highly soluble, and it binds strongly to fine soil particles, which are transported by water via runoff. Nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations were better predicted for further reach distances, such as 45 or 50 km, where the best model of nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite is consistent with the high mobility of NO3−.

Effects of sampling frequency on estimation accuracies of annual loadings for water quality parameters in different sized watersheds

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-277
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Junyu Qi ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Glenn Benoy ◽  
Zisheng Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Novel Approach

Abstract Potential errors or uncertainties of annual loading estimations for water quality parameters such as suspended solids (SS), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), ortho-phosphorus (Ortho-P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) can be greatly affected by sampling frequencies. In this study, annual loading estimation errors were assessed in terms of the coefficient of variation, relative bias, and probability of potential errors that were estimated with statistical samples taken at a series of sampling frequencies for a watershed in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada, and one of its sub-watersheds. Results indicate that annual loading estimation errors increased with decreasing sampling frequency for all water quality parameters. At the same sampling frequencies, the estimation errors were several times greater for the smaller watershed than those for the larger watershed, possibly due to the flushing nature of streamflows in the smaller watershed. We also found that low sampling frequency tended to underestimate the annual loadings of water quality parameters dominated by stormflow events (SS and K) and overestimate water quality parameters dominated by baseflow (Mg and Ca). These results can be used by hydrologists and water quality managers to determine sampling frequencies that minimize costs while providing acceptable estimation errors. This study also demonstrates a novel approach to assess potential errors when analyzing existing water quality data.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) in Terengganu River, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Noorjima Abd Wahab ◽  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Ekhwan Toriman ◽  
Frankie Marcus Ata ◽  
Hafizan Juahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Quality Parameters

Terengganu River Basin is situated in the north eastern coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia. 29 sampling stations were selected. The water quality parameters were measured such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC). Results showed that the range of DO (2.11 mg/L – 8.07 mg/L), TSS (0.4 mg/L – 128.2 mg/L) and SSC (0.07 mg/L – 25.6 mg/L). The distribution of land use and land cover activities effected to the level of water quality in watersheds. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) was applied and provide a better understanding for the complex relationships among water quality parameters. Graphical data helps a better view of the overall analysis to appoint sources of pollutants to their effect. Terengganu River Basin is a shallow and has a sensitive ecosystem that responds to the land use changes and development activities of its surroundings. Water quality analysis showed that TSS and SSC were higher in the dry season but DO were higher in the wet season. Overall, the water in the Terengganu River Basin classified slightly contaminated especially the main sources of pollutants were possibly waste products and waste from development activities such as sand mining, farming, residential and agricultural.  

scholarly journals Exploring the Influence Mechanism of Meteorological Conditions on the Concentration of Suspended Solids and Chlorophyll-a in Large Estuaries Based on MODIS Imagery

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Cheng He ◽  
Youru Yao ◽  
Xiaoman Lu ◽  
Mingnan Chen ◽  
Weichun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Yangtze River Estuary ◽  
Modis Imagery ◽  
Chla Concentration

In estuary areas, meteorological conditions have become unstable under the continuous effects of climate change, and the ecological backgrounds of such areas have strongly been influenced by anthropic activities. Consequently, the water quality of these areas is obviously affected. In this research, we identified periods of fluctuation of the general meteorological conditions in the Yangtze River Estuary using a wavelet analysis. Additionally, we performed a spatiotemporal evaluation of the water quality in the fluctuating period by using remote sensing modeling. Then, we explored how the fluctuating meteorological factors affect the distribution of total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration. (1) The results show that from 2000 to 2015, temperature did not present significant fluctuations, while wind speed (WS) and precipitation (PR) presented the same fluctuation period from January 2012 to December 2012. (2) Based on the measured water sample data associated with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery, we developed a water quality algorithm and depicted the TSS and Chla concentrations within the WS and PR fluctuating period. (3) We found that the TSS concentration decreased with distance from the shore, while the Chla concentration showed an initially decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend; moreover, these two water quality parameters presented different inter-annual variations. Then, we discussed the correlation between the changes in the TSS and Chla concentrations and the WS and PR variables. The contribution of this research is reflected in two aspects: 1. variations in water quality parameters over a wide range of water bodies can be evaluated based on MODIS data; 2. data from different time periods showed that the fluctuations of meteorological elements had different impacts on water bodies based on the distance from the shore. The results provide new insights for the management of estuary water environments.

scholarly journals Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Water Quality and Trophic State in an Artificial Dam Reservoir

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Md Mamun ◽  
Ji Yoon Kim ◽  
Kwang-Guk An
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Chl A ◽  
State Index

Paldang Reservoir, located in the Han River basin in South Korea, is used for drinking water, fishing, irrigation, recreation, and hydroelectric power. Therefore, the water quality of the reservoir is of great importance. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate spatial and seasonal variations of surface water quality in the reservoir using multivariate statistical techniques (MSTs) along with the Trophic State Index (TSI) and Trophic State Index deviation (TSID). The empirical relationships among nutrients (total phosphorus, TP; total nitrogen, TN), chlorophyll-a (CHL-a), and annual variations of water quality parameters were also determined. To this end, 12 water quality parameters were monitored monthly at five sites along the reservoir from 1996 to 2019. Most of the parameters (all except pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total coliform bacteria (TCB)) showed significant spatial variations, indicating an influence of anthropogenic activities. Principal component analysis combined with factor analysis (PCA/FA) suggested that the parameters responsible for water quality variations were primarily correlated with nutrients and organic matter (anthropogenic), suspended solids (both natural and anthropogenic), and ionic concentrations (both natural and anthropogenic). Stepwise spatial discriminant analysis (DA) identified water temperature (WT), DO, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), the ratio of biological oxygen demand (BOD) to COD (BOD/COD), TN, TN:TP, and TCB as the parameters responsible for variations among sites, and seasonal stepwise DA identified WT, BOD, and total suspended solids (TSS) as the parameters responsible for variations among seasons. COD has increased (R2 = 0.63, p < 0.01) in the reservoir since 1996, suggesting that nonbiodegradable organic loading to the water body is rising. The empirical regression models of CHL-a-TP (R2 = 0.45) and CHL-a-TN (R2 = 0.27) indicated that TP better explained algal growth than TN. The mean TSI values for TP, CHL-a, and Secchi depth (SD) indicated a eutrophic state of the reservoir for all seasons and sites. Analysis of TSID suggested that blue-green algae dominated the algal community in the reservoir. The present results show that a significant increase in algal chlorophyll occurs during spring in the reservoir. Our findings may facilitate the management of Paldang Reservoir.

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