EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF AMINO ACIDS ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC INDICATORS AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta DROMANTIENĖ ◽  
Irena PRANCKIETIENĖ ◽  
Gvidas ŠIDLAUSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Silty Loam

Experiments involving a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Širvinta 1’ were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University during the period 2006–2009 in limnoglacional silty loam on morainne clay loam Cal(ca)ri-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. Winter crops were grown on the background of N150P90K90 mineral fertilization and were additionally foliar-fertilized with amide nitrogen fertilizer, containing different concentrations of amino acids (0.5 %–3.0 %), at a winter wheat booting, heading and milk maturity stages. Experimental evidence showed that solutions with different amino acids concentrations applied for winter wheat fertilization at booting, heading and milk maturity stages increased plant photosynthetic indicators. Chlorophyll a to b ratio in winter wheat leaves significantly increased having applied 0.5–2.5 % amino acids solutions at booting and at milk maturity stages. Plants fertilized with amino acids solutions at booting stage had a possibility to form larger assimilating leaf area. Winter wheat grain yield significantly increased (0.27–0.4 t ha-1) under the effect of amino acids. The highest yield increases were obtained having applied amino acids at booting and heading growth stages. The statistical data analysis (xextr.) evidenced that the highest yield and its quality would be attained with foliar feeding of winter wheat with amino acids fertilizers: at booting stage with 2.4 %, at heading stage with 1.47 %, and milk maturity stage with 1.39 % amino acids solution.

Application of natural and synthetic polyamines as growth regulators to improve the freezing tolerance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Todorova ◽  
I. Sergiev ◽  
V. Alexieva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Weight Losses

Wheat cultivars were grown as soil culture under normal growth conditions. Twoweek- old seedlings were exposed to 4°C for 6 h and then transferred to −12°C for 24 h in the dark. Twenty-four hours before freezing stress, some of the plants were sprayed with aqueous solutions of spermine, spermidine, putrescine, 1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP) and diethylenetriamine (DETA). The data showed that freezing stress caused a decrease in the fresh weight, chlorophyll content and plant survival rate, accompanied by a simultaneous accumulation of free proline and the enhanced leakage of electrolytes. Preliminary treatment with polyamines caused a decline in electrolyte leakage and a considerable augmentation in proline quantity, indicating that the compounds are capable of preventing frost injury. Additionally, the foliar application of polyamines retarded the destruction of chlorophyll, and lessened fresh weight losses due to freezing stress. The synthetic triamine DETA was the most effective, having the most pronounced action in all the experiments, followed by the tetraamine spermine. The application of polyamines to wheat crops could be a promising approach for improving plant growth under unfavourable growth conditions, including freezing temperatures. The results demonstrate that treatment with polyamines could protect winter wheat by reducing the stress injuries caused by subzero temperatures.

scholarly journals Effect of Exogenous Application of Amino Acids L-Arginine and Glycine on Maize under Temperature Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Matysiak ◽  
Roman Kierzek ◽  
Idzi Siatkowski ◽  
Jolanta Kowalska ◽  
Roman Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
C 23 ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Temperature strongly influences the growth of maize, particularly in the early growth stages. The exogenous application of some amino acids has been proven to have a positive effect on plant growth and development under stressful conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the response of maize that was grown under an optimal and stress (fluctuating) temperature to L-Arginine (L-Arg) and Glycine (Gly) application. In the study, it was assumed that the exogenously applied amino acids would alleviate the adverse effects of temperature stress on the maize height, as well as on the biomass of shoots and roots. Ten concentrations of each amino acid from 0.006 mM to 9.0 mM were tested under constant temperature conditions 20–22 °C/23–25 °C (night/day) an fluctuating stress of rising and dropping temperatures between 12–15 °C (night) and 30–38 °C (day). The amino acids were applied to the crop at growth stages V3–V4. In plants that were obtained from seeds pre-treated with L-Arg and Gly, the amino acids increased both the length of radicles and the number of lateral roots. A large discrepancy between the effects of the two amino acids was observed after foliar application. Under optimal thermal conditions, L-Arg increased the mass of shoots and roots by 55–59%. Under stress conditions, root mass was increased even by 100% when compared to the control plants. The best results were recorded at concentrations of 6 mM and 3 mM. Plants that were treated with Gly concentrations generally reached the height of untreated plants or less. It was shown that Gly applied at concentrations of 0.2 mM to 3 mM has a negative effect on the fresh mass of the crop.

Effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice (Var. ADT-36) plants at different growth stages

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
P. M. Arthanari ◽  
P. Gnanamoorthy ◽  
S. Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during the Rabi (November 1997-March 1998) and Kharif (July 1998-November 1998) seasons to identify the effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice plant (Variety ADT-36) at different growth stages. Furnace slag was applied as a silicon source at 2 t/ha at the panicle initiation stage along with other nutrients. The dry matter production was recorded at the active tillering, panicle initiation, booting, flowering, one week after flowering and maturity stages in both the seasons. The total dry matter production was greater in the Kharif season than in the Rabi season. The application of slag at the panicle initiation stage along with N and K at the flowering stage had a significant influence over the dry matter production. A similar trend was observed in both the seasons. The silicon uptake was recorded at the panicle initiation and maturity stages. About 30-40% of the silicon absorbed during the early stages and the maturity stage was present in the shoot, whereas 20-30 % of the silicon absorbed during the maturity stages was present in the leaf blades. Based on the results, it is concluded that the supply of silicon during the panicle initiation stage is most important for plant growth.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Grain Quality, Zinc and Iron Concentration Affected by a Combined Foliar Spray of Zinc and Iron Fertilizers

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Niyigaba ◽  
Angelique Twizerimana ◽  
Innocent Mugenzi ◽  
Wansim Aboubakar Ngnadong ◽  
Yu Ping Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Second Year

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main foods globally. Nutrition problems associated with Zinc and Iron deficiency affect more than two billion individuals. Biofortification is a strategy believed to be sustainable, economical and easily implemented. This study evaluated the effect of combined Zn and Fe applied as foliar fertilizer to winter wheat on grain yield, quality, Zn and Fe concentration in the grains. Results showed that treatments containing high Fe increased the yield. Grain crude fat content remained unaffected. Crude fiber was enhanced up to three-fold by 60% Zn + 40% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 60% Zn + 40% Fe). Moreover, 80% Zn + 20% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 80% Zn + 20% Fe) was the best combination for increasing crude protein. Zinc applied alone enhanced Zn concentration in grain. In addition, Fe was slightly improved by an application of Zn and Fe in the first year, but a greater increase was observed in the second year, where 100% Fe13 (13 kg ha−1 of 100% Fe) was the best in improving Fe in grain. Foliar application of Zn and Fe is a practical approach to increase Zn and Fe concentration, and to improve the quality of wheat grains.

HOE 23408, A NEW SELECTIVE HERBICIDE FOR WILD OATS AND GREEN FOXTAIL IN WHEAT AND BARLEY

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. FRIESEN ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail

A series of field, growth chamber, and laboratory experiments showed that HOE 23408 [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy propionic acid methyl ester] as a post-emergence herbicide provided selective control of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and green foxtail (Seteria viridis L. Beauv.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) equal to or better than barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) over a growth period extending from the 2- to 5-leaf stages in both weed species. Wheat was highly tolerant to HOE 23408 at all growth stages, while with barley there was some leaf mottling and suppression of both shoot and root development. The 6-row cultivars Gait, Bonanza and Conquest largely recovered from the effects, but the 2-row cultivar Betzes suffered significant yield reduction. HOE 23408 moved mainly in an acropetal direction when applied to different parts of the wild oats plant. Application made on or below the meristematic area of the stem apex caused necrosis and eventual death of the entire plant. Phytotoxicity following soil application was markedly less than with foliar application. Indications were that it was also more phytotoxic to the emerging weeds via shoot than via root contact. Although HOE 23408 is relatively insoluble in water, it leached to a limited extent in soils.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME AMINO ACIDS ON TILLERING AND YIELD OF THREE BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqir & Al-Naqeeb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Engineering Sciences

 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some amino acids on tillering and grain yield of bread wheat cultivars. A field experiment was carried out at the agricultural experiment station, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the two winter seasons, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Randomized Complete Block Design within split plots arrangement was used in three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first (main plots) was the wheat cultivars (IPA 99, Buhooth 22, and Abu-Graib3) and the second (sub-plots) was foliar application three amino acids (L-Tryptophan, L-Glycine, and L-Lysine) with concentrations 50 and 100 mg L-1 and the amino acid L-Cystine at 100 and 150 mg L-1 and control treatment. The treatments of foliar application were applied during two growth stages, the first was when the main stem had three leaves (ZGS: 13) and the second was when the plant entered the flowering stage (ZGS: 60). Results showed the significant superiority of Buhooth 22 in most growth traits, which produced the highest number of tillers.m-2 (556.30 and 568.15 tillers m-2), number of spikes (476.74 and 494.19 spikes m-2), weight of 1000 grains (31.09 and 32.43 g), and grain yield (5.39 and 5.15 Mg ha-1) for the two seasons respectively. The treatment of foliar application L-Tryptophan at 50 mg L-1 was significantly superior in most traits of yield components which produced the highest values of the number of tillers (616.89 and 627.78 tillers m-2), number of spikes (477.00 and 944.67 spikes m-2), weight of 1000 grains (32.01 and 33.55g), and grain yield (5.77 and 5.33Mg ha-1) in the two seasons, respectively. The response of wheat cultivar growth and yield to amino acids differed significantly.      

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the application effects of a biostimulant based on extracts of yeast and amino acids on off-season corn yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2293
Author(s):  
André Luis Da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
Alexandre José da Silva ◽  
Marina Faria Bracale
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Yield Increase

The tests were performed with a biostimulant (GAAP) containing yeast extract and amino acids. The yield data of the off-season corn for meta-analysis were collected from 41 trials conducted in the states of Paraná, São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, and Goiás during the 2013/2014 crop season. The tests consisted of eight treatments, with four replicates per treatment, and were conducted on 3.6 × 6.0 m plots. The treatments consisted of application of biostimulant at 2.0 L ha-1 at different times and the control (no biostimulant). The time of application corresponded to the growth stages, V8, VT, R1, (V8 + VT), (V8 + R1), (VT + R1), and (V8 + VT + R1). The influence of biostimulant application was quantified as the difference in yield, expressed as kilogram per hectare (kg ha-1), between treatments and the control (effect measurements). Meta-analysis was used to study the effects of the treatments and to calculate the probability of yield increase with product use. The meta-analysis was performed using the software R. The random effects model was used for meta-analysis because of the high heterogeneity among the studies. Next, the mixed effect model was applied to explain the high heterogeneity, considering the following subgroups: the number of applications, the timing of applications, the presence of water stress, and the region where the tests were conducted. The probability of yield increase was calculated at the levels of 2, 5, and 10 bags, each of 60 kg ha-1. The meta-analysis results for the variable "General" and the subgroups were significantly positive (p < 0.0001), with a meta-analytic estimate of 342.1 kg ha-1 and the confidence interval for 95% probability ranging between 301.2 kg ha-1 and 383.0 kg ha-1. The probability for yield greater than zero or equal to 2, 5, and 10 bags of 60 kg ha-1 in subgroup "three applications" was 91.7%, 85.4%, 71.0%, and 38.9%, respectively. These same values were estimated at 91.7%, 85.4%, 71.0%, and 39.0% for the variable "applications in V8 + VT + R1"; 79.1%, 69.3%, 50.1%, and 21.1% for the variable "trials under stress condition"; and 84.2%, 75.1%, 57.7%, and 26.9% for the variable "investments made in Southern Brazil," respectively. The meta-analysis of the data from 287 effect measurements generated in 41 trials demonstrated that foliar application of GAAP biostimulant increases corn yield by 342.1 kg ha-1 with 83.7% probability of positive response.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona VAGUSEVICIENĖ ◽  
Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Aiste JUCHNEVICIENĖ ◽  
Asta BYLAITE ◽  
Audrone ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Dynamics of photosynthesis pigments in the leaves of different varieties of winter wheat during the vegetation period is analyzed in the paper. The accumulation of pigments in the plant depends on the physiological activity, growth and development of the plant, therefore the composition and content of photosynthesis pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids reflect the general condition of the plant. The ratio of chlorophyll a / b for normal photosynthesis activity in the leaves of the plant should be at least 1:3. The object of the research is different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - 'Artist', 'Edvin', 'Skagen', 'Bertold' and 'Viola'. Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. Soil type was identified as IDg8 - k (LVg - p - w - cc) - shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc (ar) i - Epihypogleyic Luvisols). Agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using accepted analytical methods. The content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in green leaf mass was determined in 96% ethyl alcohol extract applying spectrophotometric Wettstein method, “Genesys” 6 spectrophotometer. The photosynthesis productivity (Fpr) was calculated according to the formula: Fpr = 2 (M2-M1) / (L1 + L2) T. The accuracy of the data analysis was estimated according to the standard measurement deviation from the mean. The highest content of photosynthesis pigments has been accumulated by winter wheat variety 'Skagen'. The best result has been observed at the end of nodding stage. A lower content of photosynthesis pigments has been found in the leaves of 'Edvin', 'Viola' and 'Artist' varieties. The highest photosynthesis productivity of all winter wheat varieties has been recorded at the end of nodding stage, and decrease of photosynthesis productivity has been observed since milk maturity stage.

scholarly journals Variation Characteristics in Growth Stages of Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) And Prediction Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 737-746
Author(s):  
Weili Wang ◽  
Xuhui Zhang ◽  
Zhaotang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Variation Characteristics

The variation characteristics of growth stages of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the climate change were measured by designing its stability and prediction model. Results showed the trend of stability of growth stage of winter wheat in Jiangsu province of China was an S-shaped curve indicating the growth of winter wheat was more stable in late stage. The lengths of early and late stages of growth were in inverse proportion. Specifically, when the early stage was prolonged, the late stage was shortened, which ensured the relative stability of the length of growth stage. The length of growth stage was correlated with the meteorological conditions. Thus, favorable meteorological conditions contributed to the stability of growth stages of winter wheat. Along with the climate change, the basic statistical characteristics of growth stage remained stable. Each stage drifted moderately under the variation of meteorological conditions, typically during the stage of vegetative growth. The growth process can be regulated by means of variety improvement, adjustment of sowing time and density, reasonable fertilization, and the use of growth regulators. These measures are able to counteract the influences of climate change on winter wheat production and ensure the production security. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 737-746, 2021 (September) Special

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