scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF BIODIESEL OBTAINED FROM MICROALGAE SCENEDESMUS SP.

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Virginija Skorupskaite ◽  
Violeta Makareviciene
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Energy Ratio ◽  
Liquid Biofuel

The article considers the opportunities for reduction of energy consumption in the life cycle of biodiesel obtained from microalgae oil. Results show that by introducing technical glycerol and substrate leftover after production of biogas into the microalgae growth media energy consumption can be significantly reduced. Production of biogas from de-oiled microalgae improves the energy balance of the life cycle of biodiesel obtained from microalgae oil. It is impossible to obtain fuel containing more energy than would be used in the process of production if microalgae for biodiesel production are cultivated in conventional growth media. Only by subjecting microalgal biomass for production of gaseous and liquid biofuel (biodiesel and biogas) the total energy consumption is lower and equals to 65802.03 MJt-1 than energy value of biofuel, i.e. 79083.32 MJt-1. In this case the fossil energy ratio (FER) for biodiesel reaches 1.2.

scholarly journals Mitigating the Energy Consumption and the Carbon Emission in the Building Structures by Optimization of the Construction Processes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3287
Author(s):  
Alireza Tabrizikahou ◽  
Piotr Nowotarski
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Structural Optimization ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

For decades, among other industries, the construction sector has accounted for high energy consumption and emissions. As the energy crisis and climate change have become a growing concern, mitigating energy usage is a significant issue. The operational and end of life phases are all included in the building life cycle stages. Although the operation stage accounts for more energy consumption with higher carbon emissions, the embodied stage occurs in a time-intensive manner. In this paper, an attempt has been made to review the existing methods, aiming to lower the consumption of energy and carbon emission in the construction buildings through optimizing the construction processes, especially with the lean construction approach. First, the energy consumption and emissions for primary construction materials and processes are introduced. It is followed by a review of the structural optimization and lean techniques that seek to improve the construction processes. Then, the influence of these methods on the reduction of energy consumption is discussed. Based on these methods, a general algorithm is proposed with the purpose of improving the construction processes’ performance. It includes structural optimization and lean and life cycle assessments, which are expected to influence the possible reduction of energy consumption and carbon emissions during the execution of construction works.

scholarly journals Systematic Simplified Simulation Methodology for Deep Energy Retrofitting Towards Nze Targets Using Life Cycle Energy Assessment

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Sánchez Ramos ◽  
MCarmen Guerrero Delgado ◽  
Servando Álvarez Domínguez ◽  
José Luis Molina Félix ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez de la Flor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

The reduction of energy consumption in the residential sector presents substantial potential through the implementation of energy efficiency improvement measures. Current trends involve the use of simulation tools which obtain the buildings’ energy performance to support the development of possible solutions to help reduce energy consumption. However, simulation tools demand considerable amounts of data regarding the buildings’ geometry, construction, and frequency of use. Additionally, the measured values tend to be different from the estimated values obtained with the use of energy simulation programs, an issue known as the ‘performance gap’. The proposed methodology provides a solution for both of the aforementioned problems, since the amount of data needed is considerably reduced and the results are calibrated using measured values. This new approach allows to find an optimal retrofitting project by life cycle energy assessment, in terms of cost and energy savings, for individual buildings as well as several blocks of buildings. Furthermore, the potential for implementation of the methodology is proven by obtaining a comprehensive energy rehabilitation plan for a residential building. The developed methodology provides highly accurate estimates of energy savings, directly linked to the buildings’ real energy needs, reducing the difference between the consumption measured and the predictions.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Analysis on Fossil Energy Ratio of Algal Biodiesel: Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency and Oil Extraction Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Jian ◽  
Yang Jing ◽  
Zhang Peidong
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Deprivation ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Algal Oil ◽  
Algal Biodiesel ◽  
Fossil Energy Ratio

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely used to analyze various pathways of biofuel preparation from “cradle to grave.” Effects of nitrogen supply for algae cultivation and technology of algal oil extraction on life cycle fossil energy ratio of biodiesel are assessed in this study. Life cycle fossil energy ratio ofChlorella vulgarisbased biodiesel is improved by growing algae under nitrogen-limited conditions, while the life cycle fossil energy ratio of biodiesel production fromPhaeodactylum tricornutumgrown with nitrogen deprivation decreases. Compared to extraction of oil from dried algae, extraction of lipid from wet algae with subcritical cosolvents achieves a 43.83% improvement in fossil energy ratio of algal biodiesel when oilcake drying is not considered. The outcome for sensitivity analysis indicates that the algal oil conversion rate and energy content of algae are found to have the greatest effects on the LCA results of algal biodiesel production, followed by utilization ratio of algal residue, energy demand for algae drying, capacity of water mixing, and productivity of algae.

scholarly journals Simulation of biodiesel production using hydro-esterification process from wet microalgae

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Ardian Fauzi ◽  
Sangga Hadi Pratama ◽  
Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
Wet Microalgae ◽  
Subcritical Condition

Recently, algae have received a lot of attention as a new biomass source for the production of renewable energy, such as biodiesel. Conventionally, biodiesel is made through esterification or transesterification of oils where the process involves a catalyst and alcohol to be reacted in a reactor. However, this process is energy intensive for drying and extraction step. To overcome this situation, we studied simulation of a new route of hydro-esterification process which is combine hydrolysis and esterification processes for biodiesel production from wet microalgae. Firstly, wet microalgae treated by hydrolyzer to produce fatty acids (FAs), separated with separator, and then mixed with methanol and esterified at subcritical condition to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) while H2SO4 conducted as the catalyst. Energy and material balance of conventional and hydrolysis-esterification process was evaluated by Aspen Plus. Simulation result indicated that conventional route is energy demanding process, requiring 4.40 MJ/L biodiesel produced. In contrast, the total energy consumption of hydrolysis-esterification method can be reduced significantly into 2.43 MJ/L biodiesel. Based on the energy consumption comparison, hydro-esterification process is less costly than conventional process for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Energy consumption in the life cycle of plumbing fixtures

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
A. Kalbusch ◽  
E. Ghisi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
The Self ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Use Phase

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to propose a method for quantifying the energy consumption in the life cycle of different plumbing fixtures. The method can be used to estimate the energy consumption in the production, use and disposal phases of plumbing fixtures. This allows for the comparison between the performances of different plumbing fixtures and the identification of the share of each phase on the energy consumption over the life cycle. The method was applied in a case study in Southern Brazil to quantify the energy consumption in the life cycle of two types of taps installed on a university campus. The total energy consumption in the life cycle of ordinary and self-closing taps used in the study was respectively, 177.71 MJ and 164.11 MJ over 4 years. Production accounted for 33% of the energy consumption share of the ordinary tap, while the use phase accounted for 65% and the disposal phase for 2%. For the self-closing tap, the production phase accounted for 46% of the energy consumption share, the use phase for 52% and the disposal phase for 2%. Therefore, considering the energy consumption in the life cycle, self-closing taps should be preferred over ordinary taps.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MODAL CHOICE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN BIOETHANOL SUPPLY CHAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Monteiro Lopes ◽  
Ilton Curty Leal Junior ◽  
Vanessa De Almeida Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
South Central

Currently, concerns with sustainable development lead organizations to improve their production processes in order to reduce greenhouse gases emission and energy consumption. Since the bioethanol supply chain is a CO2 emitter and depends on several energy sources, it becomes important to analyze how to improve this chain regarding environmental issues. Thus, this paper presents a comparative study of scenarios with bioethanol supply chain configurations which use different modal alternatives and renewable energy in all its mid-stages. The analysis was based on LCA (life cycle analysis) concepts and in a partial application of LCI (life cycle inventory), so that we can identify which of these scenarios is most appropriate in terms of lower total energy consumption, greater share of renewable energy use and lower CO2 emissions. Based on concepts found in the bibliographic research, the methodology used and the data collected from documental research, this paper analyzes the supply chain that begins with sugarcane plantation and bioethanol production in the south central region of Brazil with destination to export. Based on the results, we concluded that it is possible to improve the performance of the supply chain in environmental terms with a combination of renewable energy sources and modes of transport that are more suitable to the product studied.

Study on Life-Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gases Emission of Battery Electric Passenger Vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Zheng Shen ◽  
Yaokun Yang ◽  
Yunlin Liang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Stage ◽  
Vehicle Production

Based on the localized data of environmental load, this study has established the life cycle assessment (LCA) model of battery electric passenger vehicle (BEPV) that be produced and used in China, and has evaluated the energy consumption and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission during vehicle production and operation. The results show that the total energy consumption and GHG emissions are 438GJ and 37,100kg (in terms of CO2 equivalent) respectively. The share of GHG emissions in total emissions at the production stage is 24.6%, and 75.4% GHG emissions are contributed by the operational stage. The main source of energy consumption and GHG emissions at vehicle production stage is the extraction and processing of raw materials. The GHG emissions of raw materials production accounts for 75.0% in the GHG emissions of vehicle production and 18.0% in the GHG emissions of full life cycle. The scenario analysis shows that the application of recyclable materials, power grid GHG emission rates and vehicle energy consumption rates have significant influence on the carbon emissions in the life cycle of vehicle. Replacing primary metals with recycled metals can reduce GHG emissions of vehicle production by about 7.3%, and total GHG emissions can be reduced by about 1.8%. For every 1% decrease in GHG emissions per unit of electricity, the GHG emissions of operation stage will decrease by about 0.9%; for every 1.0% decrease in vehicle energy consumption rate, the total GHG emissions decrease by about 0.8%. Therefore, developing clean energy, reducing the proportion of coal power, optimizing the production of raw materials and increasing the application of recyclable materials are effective ways to improve the environmental performance of BEPV.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO CICLO DE VIDA ENERGÉTICO (ACVE) E DO DESEMPENHO TÉRMICO DE UMA HABITAÇÃO DE LIGHT STEEL FRAMING COM O USO DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE ISOLANTES TÉRMICOS

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Rosse Caldas ◽  
Rosa Maria Sposto ◽  
Alexandre Mendonça Souto Lopes ◽  
Werner Castro Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Steel Framing

RESUMO: Como forma de mensurar o consumo de energia ao longo do ciclo de vida dos diversos sistemas construtivos existentes, entre eles o light steel framing (LSF), tem sido aplicado a avaliação do ciclo de vida energético (ACVE). A ACVE foi aplicada em diversos estudos nacionais e internacionais, e no caso do LSF já foi verificado em alguns estudos nacionais. No entanto, ainda existe uma lacuna de estudos relacionados com o desempenho térmico e com os isolantes térmicos utilizados, principalmente por meio de simulações termoenergéticas. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a energia consumida ao longo do ciclo de vida de uma habitação de LSF, comparando o desempenho térmico deste sistema sem e com três isolantes térmicos, sendo eles: lã de vidro, lã de rocha e poliestireno expandido (EPS). A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e simulação computacional em um software de simulação termoenergético. Ao final foi levantada a energia incorporada dos materiais utilizados nas fachadas, energia consumida nos transportes e energia gasta pelos equipamentos eletrônicos (energia operacional). A soma de todos estes consumos resultou na energia total, esta que foi maior para o sistema sem isolamento térmico e menor para o sistema com EPS. Neste sentido, a principal contribuição deste trabalho foi apresentar um critério de sustentabilidade energética para a especificação de isolantes térmicos para o sistema de LSF. Este critério poderá subsidiar, durante a etapa de projeto, a escolha do sistema mais vantajoso tanto do ponto de vista térmico como do consumo de energia ao longo do ciclo de vida da edificação. ABSTRACT: As a way to measure the energy consumption over the life cycle of the various existing building systems, including light steel framing (LSF), has been applied to evaluate the life cycle energy assessment (LCEA). The LCEA was applied in several national and international studies, and in the case of LSF has already been verified in some national studies. However, there is still a lack of research related to thermal performance and thermal insulation used, mainly through thermal-energetic simulations. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the energy consumed throughout the life cycle of a LSF house, comparing the thermal performance of this system without and with three thermal insulations, which are: glass wool, rock wool and polystyrene expanded (EPS). The methodology used was the bibliographical research and computer simulation on a thermal-energetic simulation software. It was assessed the embodied energy of the materials used on the facades, energy consumed in transport and energy consumed by electronic equipment (operating energy). The sum of all these resulted in total energy consumption, this one was higher for the system without thermal insulation and lower to the system with EPS. In this sense, the main contribution of this paper is to present an energy sustainability criteria for the specification of thermal insulation for the LSF system. This criteria can support, during the design stage, the choice of the most advantageous system in terms of the thermal performance and the energy consumption throughout the life cycle of the building.

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