PEAK SHIFT DISCRIMINATION LEARNING AS A MECHANISM OF SIGNAL EVOLUTION

Evolution ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer K. Lynn ◽  
Jonathan Cnaani ◽  
Daniel R. Papaj
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Signal Evolution

scholarly journals Song discrimination learning in zebra finches induces highly divergent responses to novel songs

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1607) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld N Verzijden ◽  
Eric Etman ◽  
Caroline van Heijningen ◽  
Marianne van der Linden ◽  
Carel ten Cate
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Signal Evolution ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Song Discrimination ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Element Sequence

Perceptual biases can shape the evolution of signal form. Understanding the origin and direction of such biases is therefore crucial for understanding signal evolution. Many animals learn about species-specific signals. Discrimination learning using simple stimuli varying in one dimension (e.g. amplitude, wavelength) can result in perceptual biases with preferences for specific novel stimuli, depending on the stimulus dimensions. We examine how this translates to discrimination learning involving complex communication signals; birdsongs. Zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ) were trained to discriminate between two artificial songs, using a Go/No-Go procedure. The training songs in experiment 1 differed in the number of repeats of a particular element. The songs in experiment 2 differed in the position of an odd element in a series of repeated elements. We examined generalization patterns by presenting novel songs with more or fewer repeated elements (experiment 1), or with the odd element earlier or later in the repeated element sequence (experiment 2). Control birds were trained with only one song. The generalization curves obtained from (i) control birds, (ii) experimental birds in experiment 1, and (iii) experimental birds in experiment 2 showed large and systematic differences from each other. Birds in experiment 1, but not 2, responded more strongly to specific novel songs than to training songs, showing ‘peak shift’. The outcome indicates that learning about communication signals may give rise to perceptual biases that may drive signal evolution.

PEAK SHIFT DISCRIMINATION LEARNING AS A MECHANISM OF SIGNAL EVOLUTION

Evolution ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1300-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer K. Lynn ◽  
Jonathan Cnaani ◽  
Daniel R. Papaj
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Signal Evolution

Role of Errors in Children's Discrimination Learning

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1187-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Leivo Everett
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Simultaneous Discrimination ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Negative Peak ◽  
Line Tilt ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Positive Peak

The role of errors in children's discrimination learning was explored. 108 second grade children mastered simultaneous intradimensional discriminations (line tilts) or interdimensional discriminations (line tilt and dot) in either an errorful or errorless fashion. Errorful learners acquired the discriminations with a trial and error procedure. Errorless learning was experimentally produced by use of a progressive S— fading procedure. Following acquisition all children received generalization tests along the line-tilt continuum. The post-discrimination generalization gradients for children trained on the intradimensional tasks demonstrated negative peak-shift effects and no positive peak-shift effects. The S— post-discrimination generalization gradients for children trained on the interdimensional tasks were flat indicating no S— control. No differences were noted in the post-discrimination generalization gradients for the errorful and errorless learners. It was concluded that young children can master a simultaneous discrimination without noticeable S— control and that making errors or responding to S— during simultaneous discrimination acquisition is not a sufficient condition for the establishment of S— dimensional control.

A Computer Tutorial on the Principles of Stimulus Generalization

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Operant Learning ◽  
General Psychology ◽  
Student Reaction ◽  
Computer Tutorial ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Behavioral Programming

In this article, I describe a computer tutorial that teaches the fundamentals of stimulus generalization in operant learning. The content is appropriate for courses in general psychology, learning, and behavioral programming. Concepts covered include reinforcement, discrimination learning, stimulus continua, generalization, generalization gradients, and peak shift. The tutorial also reviews applications in animal and human situations. Student reaction to this form of presentation was very favorable.

Distinctive Phonetic Features as Relevant and Irrelevant Stimulus Dimensions in Speech-Sound Discrimination Learning

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Stuart I. Ritterman ◽  
Nancy C. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Irrelevant Dimension ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Irrelevant Stimulus ◽  
Relevant Dimension ◽  
Phonetic Features ◽  
Sound Discrimination ◽  
Nonsense Syllables

Thirty-two college students were required to learn the relevant dimension in each of two randomized lists of auditorily presented stimuli. The stimuli consisted of seven pairs of CV nonsense syllables differing by two relevant dimension units and from zero to seven irrelevant dimension units. Stimulus dimensions were determined according to Saporta’s units of difference. No significant differences in performance as a function of number of the irrelevant dimensions nor characteristics of the relevant dimension were observed.

Cognitive Development Meets Discrimination Learning

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1109-1110
Author(s):  
Deborah G. Kemler Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Discrimination Learning

Temporal Discrimination Learning Based on Feature-Target Intervals

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. James Kehoe ◽  
Kristin G. Boesenberg ◽  
Natasha White ◽  
Benjamin Carr ◽  
Gabrielle Weidemann
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Feature Target
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