Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Investigating the Effect of Source and Temperature on the Maturity of the Organic Matter Exposed to Hydrocarbon Gas Injection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherifa Cudjoe ◽  
Reza Barati ◽  
Craig Marshall ◽  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Jyun-Syung Tsau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas

Miscible Gas Injection EOR Complex Challenges – A CCUS Hub Approach to Unlock Value for a Multi Reservoir Onshore Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqing Xu ◽  
Ahmed A BinAmro ◽  
Aaesha K. Al Keebali ◽  
Mohamed Baslaib ◽  
Shehadeh Masalmeh
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Reduction ◽  
Miscible Gas Injection ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
Co2 Eor ◽  
Development Approach

Abstract Miscible CO2 flood is a well-established proven EOR recovery mechanism. There have been a large number of CO2 EOR developments worldwide, in both carbonate and clastic reservoirs. Potential control or influence factors on incremental production and incremental recovery over water flood are well documented in the published literature. Some of the published CO2 EOR developments have reported relatively high incremental recoveries. ADNOC is a leader in miscible gas injection EOR in carbonate reservoirs. There are a number of ongoing miscible gas injection EOR developments within its portfolio contributing a significant amount of production. Miscible CO2 flood is a key EOR development for ADNOC. Following intensive screening studies and laboratory experiments, the first CO2 EOR pilot in the MENA region was conducted as early as 2009 in one of ADNOC Onshore fields. This paved the way for further large-scale deployment and CO2 WAG pilots starting in 2016, both onshore. Appreciable progresses have been made since 2009. This bodes well with the significant initiatives undertaken by the UAE towards carbon emissions and greenhouse gas reduction, climate control and sustainable development. There are broad consensus that climate changes are now and will continue to affect all countries on all continents. Potential global warming can disrupt national economies and adversely impact on lives, costing people, communities and countries already today and perhaps more in the future. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies have been making headlines and attracting increasing amount of renewed attention, because they are in line with meeting global greenhouse gas reduction goals, and contributing towards climate control and sustainable development. The giant Abu Dhabi onshore field consists of 6 carbonate reservoirs. Several pilots, immiscible hydrocarbon gas injection and CO2 WAG, and a pattern immiscible gas injection WAG flood have been executed. Miscible gas injection EOR is therefore field proven. However, due to large field size, surface congestion constraints, geological and fluid variations, miscible gas injection EOR development by reservoir individually becomes complex and economically challenging. This paper presents a comprehensive study and recommends an integrated CCUS Hub development approach - enabling field-wide EOR development with several hundred million-barrels of incremental recovery. The study follows a step-by-step systematic method. Existing water flood performances were assessed first. History matched full field simulation then leads to identification of CO2 EOR targets by area/flank for each reservoir. These are referred to as sweet development areas. Available advanced PVT data were analysed and a multi-reservoir single equation of state developed. It has been found that only CO2 is miscible across all six reservoirs, while hydrocarbon gas is also miscible for the deepest two reservoirs. Dedicated fine scale sector models (EOR history matched where applicable) were developed to generate multiple CO2 EOR development scenarios, for example, depending on water flood maturity at the time of CO2 EOR start-up, and potential impact on incremental oil production, incremental oil recovery due to reservoir heterogeneity. First results from sector modelling show that quite a few areas/flanks would be sub-economical if CO2 EOR development on a stand-alone basis. Hence the concept of a CCUS Hub is proposed, which would allow sweet development areas in any or all of the six reservoirs to be developed from a single common surface Cluster. There is potential space for development phasing, allowing additional CO2 EOR developments within the same cluster area once ullage and CO2 supply becomes available. The CCUS Hub development approach facilitates optimization and sharing of injection/production flow-lines; surface space, gathering and processing facilities, CO2 supply, CO2 recovery unit deployment coupled with produced gas re-injection into the 2 deepest reservoirs. Compared to a more conventional development approach of reservoir by reservoir, considerable scope for CAPEX and OPEX savings was found. Assuming a constant future oil price, a reduction in development costs would allow more sweet development areas to pass the threshold of economical development, leading to an increase in overall incremental production and recovery from CO2 EOR.

scholarly journals Evaluating Molecular Evolution of Kerogen by Raman Spectroscopy: Correlation with Optical Microscopy and Rock-Eval Pyrolysis

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedalireza Khatibi ◽  
Mehdi Ostadhassan ◽  
David Tuschel ◽  
Thomas Gentzis ◽  
Humberto Carvajal-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Shale Formations ◽  
Reflectance Analysis ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
Maturity Parameters

Vitrinite maturity and programmed pyrolysis are conventional methods to evaluate organic matter (OM) regarding its thermal maturity. Moreover, vitrinite reflectance analysis can be difficult if prepared samples have no primary vitrinite or dispersed widely. Raman spectroscopy is a nondestructive method that has been used in the last decade for maturity evaluation of organic matter by detecting structural transformations, however, it might suffer from fluorescence background in low mature samples. In this study, four samples of different maturities from both shale formations of Bakken (the upper and lower members) Formation were collected and analyzed with Rock-Eval (RE) and Raman spectroscopy. In the next step, portions of the same samples were then used for the isolation of kerogen and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that Raman spectroscopy, by detecting structural information of OM, could reflect thermal maturity parameters that were derived from programmed pyrolysis. Moreover, isolating kerogen will reduce the background noise (fluorescence) in the samples dramatically and yield a better spectrum. The study showed that thermal properties of OM could be precisely reflected in Raman signals.

Raman spectroscopy of irradiated organic matter

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2547-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Court ◽  
Mark A. Sephton ◽  
John Parnell ◽  
Iain Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Matter

Early Miscible Hydrocarbon Gas Injection in Abu Dhabi Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Dawoud ◽  
Ahmed El Mahdi ◽  
Curt R. Bidinger ◽  
Mahmoud Basioni ◽  
Mohammed Ramadan Ayoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Injection ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas

Determination of the petrologic type of CV3 chondrites by Raman spectroscopy of included organic matter

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1849-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie Bonal ◽  
Eric Quirico ◽  
Michèle Bourot-Denise ◽  
Gilles Montagnac
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Matter
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