Production Diagnostic Type Curves for Performance Evaluation: An Extension of the Universal Type Curve Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krunal Joshi ◽  
Vivek Muralidharan ◽  
Depesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves

Mahakam Field Characterization Using Production Type-Curve With Business Intelligence Application

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Noverri
Keyword(s):  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Production Behavior ◽  
Factor Type ◽  
Mahakam Delta

Delta Mahakam is a giant hydrocarbon block which is comprised two oil fields and five gas fields. The giant block has been considered mature after production for more than 40 years. More than 2,000 wells have been drilled to optimize hydrocarbon recovery. From those wells, a huge amount of production data is available and documented in a well-structured manner. Gaining insight from this data is highly beneficial to understand fields behavior and their characteristics. The fields production characterization is analyzed with Production Type-Curve method. In this case, type curves were generated from production data ratio such as CGR, WGR and GOR to field recovery factor. Type curve is considered as a simple approach to find patterns and capture a helicopter view from a huge volume of production data. Utilization of business intelligence enables efficient data gathering from different data sources, data preparation and data visualization through dashboards. Each dashboard provides a different perspective which consists of field view, zone view, sector view and POD view. Dashboards allow users to perform comprehensive analysis in describing production behavior. Production type-curve analysis through dashboards show that fields in the Mahakam Delta can be grouped based on their production behavior and effectively provide global field understanding Discovery of production key information from proposed methods can be used as reference for prospective and existing fields development in the Mahakam Delta. This paper demonstrates an example of production type-curve as a simple yet efficient method in characterizing field production behaviors which is realized by a Business Intelligent application

Guest Editorial: Spacing Ourselves to Death

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Justin Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Technical Staff ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Well Spacing ◽  
Proper Name

If you talk to a typical subsurface professional working on unconventionals today (e.g., a reservoir engineer, completion engineer, geologist, petrophysicist, etc.) as I have in person and through media such as LinkedIn, you will find that many lament one key thing: Our sophisticated models have been reduced too much. Of course, I am generalizing and those are not the words they use; the lamentations come in many forms. The dissatisfaction with oversimplification is most easily observed as dis-taste for the type curve, the simplified model we use to predict upcoming new drills. (Yes, I know many of you will want to refer to them by their “proper” name: type well curve; I will be sticking with the colloquial version.) A simple meme posted on LinkedIn about type curves garnered one of the most engaged conversations I have seen amongst technical staff. The responses varied from something like “Thank God someone finally said this out loud” to comments such as “I don’t know anything better than type curves.” Most comments were closer to the former than the latter. What is even more remarkable is that our investors feel the same. In personal conversations, many of them refer to our type curves simply as “lies.” This perception, coupled with the historical lack of corporate returns, led investors away from our industry in droves. Many within the industry see it differently and want to blame the exodus on other factors such as oil and gas prices, climate change, competition from renewables, other environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, the pandemic, or OPEC’s unwillingness to “hold the bag” any longer. If you ask them, though, investors will tell you a simple answer: The unconventional business destroyed way too much capital and lied too much through the type curves. Why is it that both investors and technical staff are unhappy with our ability to accurately model future performance? Why can’t we deliver returns? The typical unconventional-focused oil and gas company has two models that are critical to the business. First is the subsurface model, with which we are all intimately familiar in its various forms, and the second is the corporate financial model, which is focused on cash flows, income, and assets/liabilities. It is unfortunate that the two models are separate. It means we must simplify one or both so they can communicate with each other. How can you observe this oversimplification while it is happening? It is happening when the finance staff say, “Please just give me a simple type curve and well count; I need to model, optimize, and account for debt/leverage, equity, and cash flows.” Meanwhile, the technical staff say, “Please just give me a CAPEX budget or a well count; I need to model, optimize, and account for well spacing, completion design, land constraints, and operational constraints.” Looking back, we know that the winner in this tug-of-war of competing needs was the type curve.

scholarly journals Investigation on Interference Test for Wells Connected by a Large Fracture

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Guofeng Han ◽  
Yuewu Liu ◽  
Wenchao Liu ◽  
Dapeng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Double Porosity ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Connection Form ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Pressure Derivative ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
Straight Lines

Pressure communication between adjacent wells is frequently encountered in multi-stage hydraulic fractured shale gas reservoirs. An interference test is one of the most popular methods for testing the connectivity of a reservoir. Currently, there is no practical analysis model of an interference test for wells connected by large fractures. A one-dimensional equation of flow in porous media is established, and an analytical solution under the constant production rate is obtained using a similarity transformation. Based on this solution, the extremum equation of the interference test for wells connected by a large fracture is derived. The type-curve of pressure and the pressure derivative of an interference test of wells connected by a large fracture are plotted, and verified against interference test data. The extremum equation of wells connected by a large fracture differs from that for homogeneous reservoirs by a factor 2. Considering the difference of the flowing distance, it can be concluded that the pressure conductivity coefficient computed by the extremum equation of homogeneous reservoirs is accurate in the order of magnitude. On the double logarithmic type-curve, as time increases, the curves of pressure and the pressure derivative tend to be parallel straight lines with a slope of 0.5. When the crossflow of the reservoir matrix to the large fracture cannot be ignored, the slope of the parallel straight lines is 0.25. They are different from the type-curves of homogeneous and double porosity reservoirs. Therefore, the pressure derivative curve is proposed to diagnose the connection form of wells.

Unified Decline Type-Curve Analysis for Natural Gas Wells in Boundary-Dominated Flow

SPE Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayala H Luis F. ◽  
Peng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Decline Curve Analysis ◽  
Decline Curve

Summary Rate-time decline-curve analysis is the technique most extensively used by engineers in the evaluation of well performance, production forecasting, and prediction of original fluids in place. Results from this analysis have key implications for economic decisions surrounding asset acquisition and investment planning in hydrocarbon production. State-of-the-art natural gas decline-curve analysis heavily relies on the use of liquid (oil) type curves combined with the concepts of pseudopressure and pseudotime and/or empirical curve fitting of rate-time production data using the Arps hyperbolic decline model. In this study, we present the analytical decline equation that models production from gas wells producing at constant pressure under boundary-dominated flow (BDF) which neither employs empirical concepts from Arps decline models nor necessitates explicit calculations of pseudofunctions. New-generation analytical decline equations for BDF are presented for gas wells producing at (1) full production potential under true wide-open decline and (2) partial production potential under less than wide-open decline. The proposed analytical model enables the generation of type-curves for the analysis of natural gas reservoirs producing at constant pressure and under BDF for both full and partial production potential. A universal, single-line gas type curve is shown to be straightforwardly derived for any gas well producing at its full potential under radial BDF. The resulting type curves can be used to forecast boundary-dominated performance and predict original gas in place without (1) iterative procedures, (2) prior knowledge of reservoir storage properties or geological data, and (3) pseudopressure or pseudotime transformations of production data obtained in the field.

Mixed-type curves and the lightcone frame in Minkowski 3-space

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongchang Liu ◽  
Donghe Pei
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Frenet Frame ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Physical Research ◽  
Null Curves

In this paper, we study mixed-type curves in Minkowski 3-space. Mixed-type curves are regular curves, and there are both non-lightlike points and lightlike points in a mixed-type curve. For non-lightlike curves and null curves in Minkowski 3-space, we can study them by a Frenet frame or a Cartan frame, respectively. But for mixed-type curves, the two frames will not work. As far as we know, no one has yet given a frame to study them in Minkowski 3-space. So, we give the lightcone frame in order to provide a tool for studying this type curves in mathematical and physical research. As an application of the lightcone frame, we define an evolute of a mixed-type curve. We also give some examples to show the evolutes.

Attenuation-Type and Failure-Type Curves of Cyclic Accumulated Deformation Models in Saturated Normal Consolidated Clay

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 1539-1546
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Zhao ◽  
Guo Yong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Failure Type ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Curve Model ◽  
Accumulated Deformation

Based on dynamic triaxial test results of saturated soft clay, influence factors and variations on accumulated deformation were analyzed. The Parr’s equation on accumulated deformation was modified to create an attenuation-type curve model on accumulated deformation of saturated normal consolidation clay. In this model, dynamic strength was introduced and a new parameter called equivalent dynamic stress level was added. Besides, based on comparative analysis on variations between failure-type and attenuation-type curves, a failure-type curve model was created on accumulated deformation of saturated normal consolidation clay. The two models can take cycle number, coupling of static and dynamic deviator stress, consolidation way into consideration. The models were verified by test results. The correlation coefficients are more than 0.96 for optimization of test results based on the two models, and there is good agreement between optimized and test curves, which show that the two models are suitable to predict variations of accumulated deformation under different loading cases and consolidation ways. In order to improve prediction accuracy, it is suggested that loading cases and consolidation ways should be consistent with in-situ conditions when dynamic triaxial tests being used to determine the constants in the models.

scholarly journals Solution and type curves for the seepage model of the water-bearing coalbed with leakage recharge

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangang Chen ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Hansen Sun ◽  
Chengwei Zhang ◽  
Qin Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
Curve Matching ◽  
Pressure Derivative ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Reservoir Permeability ◽  
Leakage Coefficient ◽  
Seepage Theory ◽  
Seepage Model

To analyze the effects of the leakage recharge of the aquifer on the initial dewatering of coalbed methane wells, the mathematical seepage model of water in the coalbed considering the aquifer leakage was established by using the leakage coefficient according to the unsteady seepage theory. The model was solved after Laplace transform and the Stehfest numerical reverse inversion was used to obtain the solution in right space. Then, the log-log type curves of pressure and pressure derivative were created with new combinations of parameters. Based on the natural seepage mechanism, the influence of aquifer leakage on curve shape was judged. It is found that the radial flow ends earlier as the leakage coefficient increases. Moreover, it was proposed to obtain reservoir permeability, skin factor, and leakage coefficient by using type curve matching. The type curves are useful for quantitatively evaluating the level of leakage, thereby guiding the adjustment of the following production system for CBM wells. Curvas de solución y tipo para el modelo de filtración de capas carboníferas acuíferas con recarga de fugasResumenEste estudio estableció el modelo matemático de filtración de agua en una capa carbonífera al estimar la salida acuífera con el uso del coeficiente de fuga, de acuerdo con la teoría de filtración inestable, para analizar los efectos en la recarga de pérdida de fluidos de un acuífero en el drenado inicial para pozos de gas metano.  El modelo se resolvió tras usar la transformación Laplace y la inversión numérica Stehfest para encontrar la respuesta en el lugar indicado. Luego, se creó la representación algorítmica de la presión y la presión derivativa con nuevas combinaciones de parámetros. Se evaluó la influencia de la pérdida de fluido del acuífero en la forma de la curva con base al mecanismo físico de filtración. Se estableció que el flujo radial finaliza antes de que el coeficiente de pérdida de fluido se incremente. Además, se propone el uso de la curva tipo correspondiente para obtener la permeabilidad del reservorio, el factor de daño y el coeficiente de pérdida de fluido. Las curvas tipo son útiles para evaluar cuantitativamente el nivel de la pérdida de fluido, y de esta manera guiar el ajuste de un sistema de producción consecuente para pozos de gas metano de carbón.

scholarly journals Evolutoids of the Mixed-Type Curves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Donghe Pei
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Minkowski Plane ◽  
Singular Points ◽  
Regular Curve ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Lightlike Vector ◽  
The Relationship

The evolutoid of a regular curve in the Lorentz-Minkowski plane ℝ 1 2 is the envelope of the lines between tangents and normals of the curve. It is regarded as the generalized caustic (evolute) of the curve. The evolutoid of a mixed-type curve has not been considered since the definition of the evolutoid at lightlike point can not be given naturally. In this paper, we devote ourselves to consider the evolutoids of the regular mixed-type curves in ℝ 1 2 . As the angle of lightlike vector and nonlightlike vector can not be defined, we introduce the evolutoids of the nonlightlike regular curves in ℝ 1 2 and give the conception of the σ -transform first. On this basis, we define the evolutoids of the regular mixed-type curves by using a lightcone frame. Then, we study when does the evolutoid of a mixed-type curve have singular points and discuss the relationship of the type of the points of the mixed-type curve and the type of the points of its evolutoid.

Transient Rate Decline Analysis for Wells Produced at Constant Pressure

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Ehlig-Economides ◽  
H.J. Ramey
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Well Test Analysis ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Cumulative Production

Abstract Although constant-rate production is assumed in the development of conventional well test analysis methods, constant-pressure production conditions are not uncommon. Conditions under which constant-pressure flow is maintained at a well include production into a constant-pressure separator or pipeline, steam production into a backpressured turbine, or open flow to the atmosphere.To perform conventional well test analysis on such wells, one common procedure is to flow the well at a constant rate for several days before performing the test. This procedure is not always effective, and often the delay could be avoided by performing transient rate tests instead. Practical methods for transient rate analysis of wells produced at constant pressure are presented in this paper. The most important test is the analysis of the rate response to a step change in producing pressure. This test allows type-curve analysis of the transient rate response without the complication of wellbore storage effects. Reservoir permeability, porosity, and the wellbore skin factor can be determined from the type-curve match. The reservoir limit test is also important. Exponential rate decline can be analyzed to determine the drainage area of a well and the shape factor.The effect of the pressure drop in the wellbore due to flowing friction is investigated. Constant wellhead-pressure flow causes a variable pressure at the sandface because the pressure drop from flowing friction is dependent on the transient rate. Finally, for testing of new wells, the effect of a limited initial flow rate due to critical flow phenomena is examined. Introduction Fundamental considerations suggest that conventional pressure drawdown and buildup analysis methods developed for constant-rate production should not be appropriate for a well produced at a constant pressure. However, a well produced at a constant pressure exhibits a transient rate decline which can be analyzed using techniques analogous to the methods for constant-rate flow. In this paper, analytical solutions for the transient rate decline for wells produced at constant pressure are used to determine practical well test analysis methods.Many of the basic analytical solutions for transient rate decline have been available for some time. The first solutions were published by Moore et al. and Hurst. Results were presented in graphical form for bounded and unbounded reservoirs in which the flow was radial and the single-phase fluid was slightly compressible. Tables of dimensionless flow rate vs. dimensionless time were provided later by Ferris et al. for the unbounded system and by Tsarevich and Kuranov for the closed-boundary circular reservoir. Tsarevich and Kuranov also provided tabulated solutions for the cumulative production from a closed-boundary reservoir. Van Everdingen and Hurst presented solutions and tables of the cumulative production for constant-pressure production. Fetkovich developed log-log type curves for transient rate vs. sine in the closed-boundary circular reservoir. Type curves for rate decline in closed-boundary reservoirs with pressure-sensitive rock and fluid properties were developed by Samaniego and Cinco. A method for determining the skin effect was given by Earlougher. Type curves for analysis of the transient rate response when the well penetrates a fracture were developed by Prats et al. and Locke and Sawyer. SPEJ P. 98^

scholarly journals A PROPERTY OF CLOSED FINITE TYPE CURVES

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
MIROSLAVA PETROVIĆ-TORGAŠEV
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Finite Type ◽  
Null Space ◽  
Finite Degree ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Type Curves

AbstractIn the paper we prove that any closed finite type curve in the Euclidean space En(n≥2) lies in a null-space of a non-trivial polynomial P=P(x1,…,xn) of variables x1,…,xn, and thus lies on a surface of finite degree.

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