scholarly journals The Contributions of Diseases to Increasing Educational Mortality Differential in Austria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Franz Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Differential

scholarly journals Disaggregation of official demographic projections in sub-groups by education level: the neglected “composition effect” in the future path of life expectancy

Genus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Ginebri ◽  
Carlo Lallo
Keyword(s):  
High Education ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Composition Effect ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Mortality Differential ◽  
Education Groups

AbstractWe developed an innovative method to break down official population forecasts by educational level. The mortality rates of the high education group and low education group were projected using an iterative procedure, whose starting point was the life tables by education level for Italy, based on the year 2012. We provide a set of different scenarios on the convergence/divergence of the mortality differential between the high and low education groups. In each scenario, the demographic size and the life expectancy of the two sub-groups were projected annually over the period 2018–2065. We compared the life expectancy paths in the whole population and in the sub-groups. We found that in all of our projections, population life expectancy converges to the life expectancy of the high education group. We call this feature of our outcomes the “composition effect”, and we show how highly persistent it is, even in scenarios where the mortality differential between social groups is assumed to decrease over time. In a midway scenario, where the mortality differential is assumed to follow an intermediate path between complete disappearance in year 2065 and stability at the 2012 level, and in all the scenarios with a milder convergence hypothesis, our “composition effect” prevails over the effect of convergence for men and women. For instance, assuming stability in the mortality differential, we estimated a life expectancy increase at age 65 of 2.9 and 2.6 years for men, and 3.2 and 3.1 for women, in the low and high education groups, respectively, over the whole projection period. Over the same period, Italian official projections estimate an increase of 3.7 years in life expectancy at age 65 for the whole population. Our results have relevant implications for retirement and ageing policies, in particular for those European countries that have linked statutory retirement age to variations in population life expectancies. In all the scenarios where the composition effect is not offset by a strong convergence of mortality differentials, we show that the statutory retirement age increases faster than the group-specific life expectancies, and this finding implies that the expected time spent in retirement will shrink for the whole population. This potential future outcome seems to be an unintended consequence of the indexation rule.

scholarly journals Earnings implications of person years lost life expectancy among Canada's aboriginal peoples

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Paul S. Maxim ◽  
Jerry P. White ◽  
Stephen Obeng Gyimah ◽  
Daniel Beavon
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Aboriginal Population ◽  
National Life ◽  
Mortality Differential

Overall, Canada has one of the world’s highest national life expectancies. This benefit is not shared by Canada’s aboriginal population, however, which has a life expectancy approximately seven years less than the general population. The Aboriginal population also differs in that it has a higher fertility rate and higher mortality rates among infants and young adults. One of the consequences of the mortality differential is that the number of person years of lost life (PYLL) expectancy is large for the Aboriginal community in comparison to the general population. While several studies have focused on the causes of differential mortality, this study examines some of the socio-economic consequences of differences in PYLL. Examining wage labor income, for example, we determine that the PYLL differential translates into an expected wage and salary loss of approximately $1.56 billion.

Socioeconomic status, particulate air pollution, and daily mortality: Differential exposure or differential susceptibility

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Forastiere ◽  
Massimo Stafoggia ◽  
Carola Tasco ◽  
Sally Picciotto ◽  
Nerina Agabiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Differential Exposure ◽  
Mortality Differential
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