scholarly journals Ex Vivo Analysis of MTA FLOW® Biomineralization and Push-Out Strength: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-259
Author(s):  
Marianella Benavides García ◽  
Erick Hernández Meza ◽  
Jessie Reyes-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Biomineralization Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Push Out

This study evaluated the biomineralization processes and push-out strength of MTA Flow® with radicular dentine in three different consistencies. The push-out test was performed on an ex vivo model, using 2mm thick dentin discs from the middle third of the root with standardized cavities of 1.5 mm. Samples were filled with MTA-Angelus (Angelus Dental, Brazil), Biodentine (Septodont, France), MTA Flow® Putty (Ultradent, USA), MTA Flow® Thick or MTA Flow® Thin. The samples were divided into 3 groups: subgroup 1 (n=5), analysis of the biomineralization process; 2 (n=20), evaluation of the bonding strength and push-out resistance; and 3 (n=5), evaluation of the cement/dentin interface. The samples filled with Biodentine had a higher precipitation of carbonate apatite. However, there was no significant difference between MTA-Angelus, MTA Flow® Putty, or Thick (p=0.0536), but there was a significant difference in the Thin group (P<0.05). The samples with Biodentine displayed the greatest release of calcium ions. The formation of a partially carbonated intermediate apatite layer was observed in all groups. Zones of biomineralization were observed at the interface but were not continuous. After 72 hours, a significant difference was found between the Biodentine and MTA Flow® Thin groups (p=0.0090) in the push-out test. The samples submerged in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 15 days showed a significant difference between all groups and MTA Flow® Thin (p=0.0147). Putty or Thick consistencies presented a similar bonding strength to MTA-Angelus and Biodentine. MTA Flow® Putty and Thick consistencies show a good adaptation to dentin, similar to MTA-Angelus. However, the thickness of the interface was lower compared to that of Biodentine. MTA Flow® Thin, despite their tubular infiltration, results in gaps and a defective peripheral seal. Therefore, MTA Flow®, in Putty or Thick consistencies, presents a biomineralization process and push-out strength similar to MTA Angelus and Biodentine, however, both characteristics decreases considerably in Thin consistency.

scholarly journals Pilot study of pulmonary arterial branch sealing using energy devices in an ex vivo model

2014 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 3219-3223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moishe Liberman ◽  
Mohamed Khereba ◽  
Eric Goudie ◽  
Jordan Kazakov ◽  
Vicky Thiffault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Arterial Branch

scholarly journals Bioactivity and Physicochemical Properties of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ranjdar Mahmood Talabani ◽  
Balkees Taha Garib ◽  
Reza Masaeli
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Repair Material ◽  
Cement Interface ◽  
Root Repair ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Over Time

Objective. This study evaluated the bioactivity and physicochemical properties of three commercial calcium silicate-based endodontic materials (MTA, EndoSequence Root Repair Material putty, and Biodentine™). Material and Methods. Horizontal sections of 3 mm thickness from 18 root canals of human teeth were subjected to biomechanical preparation with WaveOne Gold large rotary instruments. The twelve specimens were filled with three tested materials (MM-MTA, EndoSequence Root Repair Material putty, and Biodentine™) and immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for 7 and 30 days. After this period of time, each specimen of each material was processed for morphological observation, surface precipitates, and interfacial dentin using SEM. In addition, the surface morphology of the set materials, without soaking in phosphate-buffered solution after one day and after 28 days stored in phosphate-buffered saline, was evaluated using SEM; also, the pH of the soaking water and the amount of calcium ions released from the test materials were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy test. Data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference test with a significance level of 5%. Result. The formation of precipitates was observed on the surfaces of all materials at 1 week and increased substantially over time. Interfacial layers in some areas of the dentin-cement interface were found from one week of immersion. All the analyzed materials showed alkaline pH and capacity to release calcium ions; however, the concentrations of released calcium ions were significantly more in Biodentine and ESRRM putty than MM-MTA (P<0.05). ESRRM putty maintained a pH of around 11 after 28 days. Conclusion. Compared with MM-MTA, Biodentine and ESRRM putty showed significantly more calcium ion release. However, exposure of three tested cements to phosphate-buffered solution resulted in precipitation of apatite crystalline structures over both cement and dentin that increased over time. This suggests that the tested materials are bioactive.

scholarly journals Modulating physical properties of porcine urethra with injection of novel biomimetic proteoglycans ex vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 20190013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia S. Kriete ◽  
Katsiaryna Prudnikova ◽  
Michele S. Marcolongo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Radial Expansion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Urinary incontinence is a significant challenge for women who are affected by it. We propose augmenting the tissue structure to restore normal biomechanics by molecularly engineering the tissue using a novel family of biomimetic proteoglycans (BPGs). This work examines the ability of BPGs to modulate the mechanical and physical properties of porcine urethras ex vivo to determine the feasibility of BPGs to be implemented as molecular treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We investigated compliance by performing a unique radial expansion testing method using urethras from six- to nine-month-old pigs. The urethras were injected with 0.5 ml BPG solution at three sites every approximately 120° (conc.: 25 mg ml −1 , 50 mg ml −1 and 75 mg ml −1 in 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); n = 4 per group) and compared them with PBS-injected controls. Young's modulus was calculated by treating the urethra as a thin-walled pressure vessel. A water uptake study was performed by soaking 10 mm urethra biopsy samples that were injected with 0.1 ml BPG solution (conc.: 50 mg ml −1 , 100 mg ml −1 and 200 mg ml −1 in 1× PBS; n = 6 per group) in 5 ml PBS for 24 h. Although there was no significant difference in Young's modulus data, there were differences between groups as can be seen in the raw radial expansion testing data. Results showed that BPGs have the potential to increase hydration in samples, and that there was a significant difference in water uptake between BPG-injected samples and the controls (100 mg ml −1 samples versus PBS samples, p < 0.05). This work shows that BPGs have the potential to be implemented as a molecular treatment for SUI, by restoring the diminished proteoglycan content and subsequently increasing hydration and improving the compliance of urethral tissue.

scholarly journals Metabolic acidosis may be as protective as hypercapnic acidosis in an ex-vivo model of severe ventilator-induced lung injury: a pilot study

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Kapetanakis ◽  
Ilias I Siempos ◽  
Eugenios I Metaxas ◽  
Petros Kopterides ◽  
George Agrogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Hypercapnic Acidosis ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Ventilator Induced Lung Injury

scholarly journals Comparison of Extracapsular Stabilization Techniques Using an Ultrasonically Implanted Absorbable Bone Anchor (Weldix) after Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Cats—An In Vitro Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Lydia Koch ◽  
Barbara Bockstahler ◽  
Alexander Tichy ◽  
Christian Peham ◽  
Eva Schnabl-Feichter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Bone Anchor ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study evaluated joint stability after surgical repair of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle joints in cats using a novel absorbable polylactide bone anchor in an ex vivo model. Methods: Thirty-six hindlimbs from cats with intact (Gi group) and transected CrCLs were treated with fabellotibial suture alone (GFW group), suture combined with an absorbable polylactide bone anchor (GWD group), or suture combined with a nonabsorbable bone anchor (GFT group), positioned in a limb press with predefined joint angles (stifle joint: 120 ± 5°; hock joint: 120 ± 5°) and loaded with 10%, 20%, and 30% of body mass (BM). Predefined points were measured on lateral radiographs and with a coordinate measurement machine. Distances on radiographs (mm) were measured and angles (°) were calculated to represent the craniocaudal movement and the internal rotation of the tibia. Results: There were no differences for craniocaudal movement between Gi and GFW or GFT, but for GWD regarding angle measurement at 30% BM. For internal rotation, there was no significant difference between Gi and GFW or GWD, but for GFT. Conclusion: The used absorbable polylactide bone-anchor was able to stabilize the stifle joint regarding internal rotation and craniocaudal movement as calculated from distance measurements.

scholarly journals Assessing acute and chronic Staphylococcus aureus growth and virulence in an ex vivo model of cystic fibrosis lung infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Branagh Crealock-Ashurst ◽  
Freya Harrison ◽  
Esther Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Factor Assay

Staphylococcus aureus is routinely found in sputum samples obtained from people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). However, its role in the progression of the disease is unclear. This is important, as antibiotic clearance of S. aureus in CF yields unclear clinical results and there is debate around the utility of anti-Staphylococcal antibiotic treatment. We used an ex vivo porcine lung model (EVPL) to compare the growth and virulence of S. aureus isolates from acute CF exacerbations, with isolates from the same donors when they were stable. There was no significant difference in mean bacterial load between donors, strains or clinical state. However, when we compared the variance in bacterial load of each pair of exacerbation/stable isolates across experimental replicates of the lung model, we found that stable samples grew more consistently in the EVPL compared to those taken from the same donor during an exacerbation. Virulence factor assay results were mixed, with results implying greater virulence in either stable or acute samples after passage through the EVPL. We could not detect the AIP quorum sensing signal, which control expression of numerous acute virulence factors, using a reporter assay. We hypothesise that S. aureus might down-regulate Agr expression in the model, consistent with a role as a silent persister, rather than as a pathogenic agent. Further work using the EVPL model will determine how well this reflects the clinical reality in CF.

scholarly journals Ex Vivo Evaluation of a Restoration Protocol for Teeth with Simulated Incomplete Rhizogenesis

2019 ◽  
pp. 293-307
Author(s):  
Cristina Retana-Lobo DDS, MSD ◽  
Jessie Reyes-Carmona DDS, MSD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Biomineralization Process ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Group 1

The use of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as an intracanal medication triggers a biomineralization process within mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugs during the apexification process in teeth with incomplete rhizogenesis. However, no consensus is available in the literature regarding a restorative protocol for this type of treatment. Thus, the objective of this study was to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the processes of biomineralization and adhesion in a restorative protocol for teeth with simulated incomplete rhizogenesis. Methodology: Root sections with a thickness of 2mm and cavities with a diameter of 2mm were used. The sections were randomly prepared and filled with the following materials: Group 1 (n=12), ProRoot MTA; and Group 2 (n=12): MTA Exp. Subsequently, the samples were immersed in PBS for 35 days. Every 5 days, the PBS was replaced, and the precipitates were collected, dried, and weighed. Two samples from each group were analyzed by SEM. Moreover, 24 single-rooted teeth were standardized, incomplete rhizogenesis was simulated, and 5-mm-long apical plugs were created with Pro Root MTA. As an intracanal medication, PBS was used for different periods of time: Group 1:48 h; Group 2:7 days; and Group 3:15 days. Then, fiberglass posts were cemented with the REBILDA® Post System. The samples were prepared and analyzed by SEM. Results: ProRoot MTA and MTA Exp effectively promoted the formation of carbonated apatite precipitates and biomineralization with dentin. ProRoot MTA yielded more carbonated apatite precipitates compared to MTA Exp (p=0.0536). The use of PBS as an intracanal medication for 7 and 15 days promoted intratubular mineralization (MIT), and treatment for 15 days was more effective (p < 0.05). The REBILDA® Post System effectively promoted the microimbrication of the adhesive system and the formation of resinous tags with lateral adhesive branches. Conclusion: Apexification with MTA associated with the use of PBS as an intracanal medication for 15 days, in addition to the use of the REBILDA® Post System, seems to be a feasible restorative protocol.

scholarly journals Determining a Critical Threshold for G6PD Activity below which RBC Response to Oxidative Stress is Poor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Swastika ◽  
Alida R Harahap ◽  
Lydia V Panggalo ◽  
Sri Widia A Jusman ◽  
Ari W Satyagraha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
G6pd Activity ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder in the world. Its main function is to generate NADPH that is required for anti-oxidative pathway in the cells especially in RBC. G6PD deficiency is X-linked and thus subject to random X-chromosome inactivation in women giving them mosaic expression of G6PD activities in their individual cells. This phenomenon makes it difficult for diagnosis with the currently available G6PD qualitative diagnostic tests. With the rolling out of newly marketed anti-malarial drug tafenoquine which has a long half-life, screening for G6PD deficiency becomes a necessity where those with <70% G6PD activity cannot receive this drug. Thus, evidence for a quantitative cut-off for G6PD activity is needed to ensure safe drug administration. Methods: RBC models were developed to analyze the effect of oxidant on RBC oxidative markers namely total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). G6PD activity was measured using quantitative assay from Trinity Biotech and was correlated with cytofluorometric assay. RBC from two G6PD heterozygous women with different G6PD activities were also analyzed for comparison. Results: There was a negative correlation between G6PD activity and CuCl concentration and a strong association between G6PD activities and proportion of G6PD normal RBC in CuCl-treated models and in ex vivo RBC. However, in terms of oxidative stress markers analyses, unlike the hypothesis where the lower G6PD activity, the higher MDA and the lower GSH level, our CuCl RBC model showed that in low G6PD activities (10-30%) cells, the MDA level is lower compared to the rest of the models (p<0.05). Our ex vivo model however were in line with the hypothesis, although the result was not significant (p=0.5). There was a significant difference between RBC with <60% and those with >80% G6PD activities in CuCl RBC model but not in ex vivo RBC (p=0.5). Genotyping heterozygous subjects showed G6PD Viangchan variant with 2.97 U/gHb (33% activity) and 6.58 U/gHb (74% activity). Conclusions: The GSH analysis has pointed to the 60% G6PD activity cut-off and this data is supportive of the old WHO threshold for intermediate upper limit of 60% G6PD activity. However, there are significant limitations in using MDA assay with CuCl RBC model because the RBC was already stressed due to the copper treatment and thus present a different result when compared to the ex-vivo model.

scholarly journals Determining Quantitative Diagnostic Test Cut-off in G6PD Heterozygous Women for Tafenoquine Therapy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Swastika ◽  
Alida R Harahap ◽  
Lydia V Panggalo ◽  
Sri Widia A Jusman ◽  
Ari W Satyagraha
Keyword(s):  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
G6pd Activity ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder in the world. Its main function is to generate NADPH that is required for anti-oxidative pathway in the cells especially in red blood cells (RBC). G6PD deficiency is X-linked and thus subject to random X-chromosome inactivation in women giving them mosaic expression of G6PD activities in their individual cells. This phenomenon makes it difficult for diagnosis with the currently available G6PD qualitative diagnostic tests. With the rolling out of newly marketed anti-malarial drug tafenoquine which has a long half-life, screening for G6PD deficiency becomes a necessity where those with <70% G6PD activity cannot receive this drug. Thus, evidence for a quantitative cut-off for G6PD activity is needed to ensure safe drug administration.Methods RBC models were developed to analyze the effect of oxidant on RBC oxidative markers namely total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). G6PD activity was measured using quantitative assay from Trinity Biotech and was correlated with cytofluorometric assay. RBC from G6PD heterozygous women with different G6PD activities were also analyzed for comparison.Results There was a negative correlation between G6PD activity and CuCl concentration and a strong association between G6PD activities and proportion of G6PD normal RBC in CuCl-treated models and in ex vivo RBC. However, in terms of oxidative stress markers analyses, unlike the hypothesis where the lower G6PD activity, the higher MDA and the lower GSH level, our CuCl RBC model showed that in low G6PD activities (10-30%) cells, the MDA level is lower compared to the rest of the models (p<0.05). Our ex vivo model however were in line with the hypothesis, although the result was not significant (p=0.5). There was a significant difference between RBC with <60% and those with >80% G6PD activities in CuCl RBC model but not in ex vivo RBC (p=0.5). Genotyping heterozygous subjects showed G6PD Viangchan variant with 2.97 U/g Hb (33% activity) and 6.58 U/g Hb (74% activity).Conclusions The MDA and GSH analyses have pointed to the 60% G6PD activity cut-off. This provides an evidence of possible cut-off for tafenoquine administration in G6PD heterozygous women.

Evaluation of Setting Time, Ions Release, Sealing Ability and Adhesion of a Novel Experimental Endodontic Cement

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 957-962
Author(s):  
Alailson Domingos dos Santos ◽  
Michela Melissa Duarte Seixas Sostena ◽  
José Carlos Barbosa ◽  
Paulo Henrique dos Santos ◽  
Maria Giovanna Gandolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Spectroscopy Technique ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Push Out

The aim of this work was to evaluate the setting time, adhesion, sealing ability, and ion release of a novel endodontic sealer (CEOE) and of the commercial Sealer 26® cement. The setting time was determined in accordance with ANSI/ADA specifications #57. The adhesion of the materials to the canal walls was evaluated through bond strength using the push-out technique. The sealing ability was assessed by fluid filtration measurements. The released ions of interest to be analyzed are OH1- and Ca2+. The concentration of hydroxyl and calcium ions was evaluated by pH measurements and atomic absorption spectroscopy technique, respectively. The data were analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance and the Tukey’s test. The results obtained showed that the setting time of CEOE cement is 35% shorter than of Sealer 26® and both cements meet the British Standard BS (1988) recommendation. No significant difference was observed in the bonding strength and permeability values for both cements. Statistically, the CEOE released more hydroxyl ions than Sealer 26® in the first 72 h, and more calcium ions in the first 48 h.

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