scholarly journals MÉTODO PARA LA CRÍA EN LABORATORIO DE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) DE AMBIENTES LÓTICOS

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Zanotto Arpellino ◽  
Romina Elizabeth Principe ◽  
Ana Maria Oberto ◽  
Cristina Mabel Gualdoni
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
Chironomidae Larvae ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Lotic Environments

<p>La taxonomía de Chironomidae se apoya fuertemente en la integración de las características morfológicas de todas las fases del ciclo de vida, las cuales se pueden obtener mediante la cría en laboratorio. Este estudio desarrolló un método de cría en laboratorio de larvas de Chironomidae de ambientes lóticos. El método consta de una circulación constante de agua y distintos ítems alimenticios. Esta metodología ha permitido obtener asociaciones de los estados de larva, pupa y adulto para la identificación de especies presentes en una región de Argentina en la que el estado de conocimiento de la familia Chironomidae es incipiente.</p><p><strong>Laboratory Rearing Methodology for Chironomidae (Diptera) of Lotic Environments</strong></p><p>The taxonomy of Chironomidae is strongly supported by the integration of morphological characteristics of all stages of the life cycle, which can be obtained through laboratory rearing. This study was developed in laboratory to test rearing method for lotic Chironomidae larvae. The method included constant water circulation and different food items. This methodology allowed obtaining associations of larva, pupa and adult stages for the identification of species from an Argentinean region in which the knowledge of Chironomidae family is incipient.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Wave UV Light on Monilinia Growth and Identification of Species

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Cal ◽  
P. Melgarejo
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
The World ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Respective Species

The effect of long-wave UV/dark period on mycelial growth of 46 isolates of Monilinia sp. collected in Spain and 16 isolates collected from other parts of the world was investigated. Typical isolates of M. laxa, M. fructigena, and M. fructicola were grown in the dark and identified by morphological characteristics. Long-wave UV/dark conditions reduced the growth rates of M. laxa, M. fructigena, and M. fructicola on potato dextrose agar. All isolates of M. fructigena grew more slowly than those of M. fructicola. Typical and atypical isolates of M. fructigena and M. fructicola were placed in their respective species based on long-wave UV/dark growth rate data. M. laxa isolates were readily distinguished by the short distance from their conidium to the first germ tube branch. The involvement of different photoreceptors in photoresponses by M. fructicola and M. fructigena is discussed. Differences in mycelial growth under long-wave UV may be a useful tool to identify Monilinia spp.

scholarly journals Red flour beetle survival on different food items

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Food Items

Studied red beetle life on each of the yen and wheat durum wheat, barley, corn, rice, chickpeas, ground peanuts and beans in Living situation constant temperature and relative humidity of 65% for a period of 66 days was the life cycle of the insect different from one substance to another ....

scholarly journals Laboratory rearing method of Anopheles minimus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ishigaki Island, the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Yukiko HIGA ◽  
Takako TOMA ◽  
Susumu SAITA ◽  
Atsuko TAKEI ◽  
Ichiro MIYAGI
Keyword(s):  
Ryukyu Archipelago ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Anopheles Minimus ◽  
Ishigaki Island ◽  
Rearing Method

Revision of the life history of the High Arctic moth Gynaephora groenlandica (Wocke) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Dean Morewood ◽  
Richard A Ring
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
History Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gynaephora Groenlandica

Many studies have explored the adaptations of arctic and alpine Gynaephora species (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) to their environment, and base-line life-history information is important for the interpretation of such studies. Data and observations on G. groenlandica (Wocke) collected in recent years at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, Canada, contradict some of the life-history information previously published for this species from the same site. Detailed analysis of larval head capsule widths and consideration of growth ratios indicate that there are seven rather than six larval instars and that the pattern of development does not deviate significantly from that defined by the Brooks-Dyar rule. Field-rearing of larvae indicates that first-instar larvae overwinter, while field- and laboratory-rearing both indicate that larvae moult once per year, every year. These data and observations greatly shorten and simplify the life history from that previously published and suggest a life cycle of 7 rather than 14 years. This revised life cycle is not presented as an absolute, in recognition of the potential for individual variation, but rather as typical of the developmental pattern of most of the population. As such, it should provide a useful base line for further studies, especially those addressing the influence of predicted climate change in the Arctic.

scholarly journals MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAVES AND FRUITS IN MALOIDEAE (ROSACEAE): b. THE ROLE OF SURFACE TISSUES IN THE FORMATION OF RESISTANCE TO FUNGAL DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kh. Kumachova ◽  
O. O. Beloshapkina ◽  
A. S. Voronkov ◽  
A. S. Ryabchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Identification Of Species

Background. Resistance to the effects of plant biotic stressors is determined by a set of factors. Among them, the leading protective role is often assigned to the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the surface tissues. However, one cannot ignore the specificity of the microstructural organization of the plant surface, since the nature of interactions in phytopathogenic organisms is more complex than the chemical impact. Meanwhile, the information accumulated to date about the structure of the surface tissues of the vegetative and reproductive organs of plants, and the interface of mycobiota, is fragmentary.Objective. Mature leaves and fruits taken from representatives of the subfamily Maloideae Werber (Malus domestica Borkh., Pyrus communis L., Cydonia oblonga Mill. and Mespilus germanica L.) were selected for the study.Materials and methods. Samples for the research were taken from the middle part of the crown of model trees in 3 replications. In recent years, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with cryofixation is considered the most promising technique and is used to analyze the surface of biological organisms and identification of species. It is particularly informative in the case of organisms with complex surface micromorphology and for studying the biodiversity of pathogens. However, in this work we combined the methods of light, electron (SEM, TEM) and confocal microscopy. The samples were also studied using phytopathological and histochemical techniques. Condensed polyphenols were detected using K2Cr2O7 and FeCl3 as well as 4-(Dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMACA, Sigma-Aldrich).Results. On the basis of the obtained phytopathological materials and published data an overview of fungal diseases afflicting leaves and fruits of M. domestica, P. communis, C. oblonga and M. germanica was made. It has been established that a common feature of the Maloideae fruits is the accumulation of condensed polyphenols, which play an important protective role against biotic stressors, in the cells of the pericarp’s outer tissues. Anatomical and morphological characteristics of passive immunity, or horizontal resistance to fungal pathogens, include the specific nature of waxy and cuticular deposits, features of the formation of cuticular folds and peristomatic rings in the stomata area and microstrands at the base of trichomes, thickness of the cuticle and cork tissue, and the development of lenticels on fruits.Conclusion. The studied model plants suffer from a sufficiently wide range of diseases with different etiologies; among them, the most widespread and harmful are mycoses. In view of this, their resistance to fungal pathogens correlates with the specificity of the leaf and fruit surface microstructure and the content of phenolic substances (polyphenols) in the cells of the pericarp’s surface tissues.

scholarly journals A simple laboratory rearing method for chalcid wasps v1 (protocols.io.bb3riqm6)

protocols.io ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian P ◽  
Kelly Goode ◽  
Nicholas Moore ◽  
Robert Jetton ◽  
John Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Rearing Method

scholarly journals Description of the Demicyclic life Cycle of Puccinia Sherardiana in Sphaeralcea Angustifolia in Mexico.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnolia Moreno-Velázquez ◽  
Jesús Ricardo Sánchez-Pale ◽  
Ricardo Tapia-Nuño ◽  
Moisés Camacho-Tapia ◽  
José Manuel Cambrón-Crisantos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Koch Postulates ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract During 2017-2019, leaves and stems with dark brown lesions containing hypophyllous telia surrounded by chlorotic halos were collected from Sphaeralcea angustifolia plants located in Axapusco, State of Mexico. Based on the morphological characteristics of pycnia, aecia and telia observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the fungus Puccinia sherardiana was identified. Uredial stage was not present during the observation period. Identity verification was carried out by phylogenetic analysis with sequences of part of the 28S gene from ribosomal DNA. In addition, pathogenicity tests were done on S. angustifolia leaves by inoculating teliospores. The inoculated plants developed symptoms 15 days after inoculation, the signs beginning with the presence of aecia in the epidermis of the host and later telia were formed, completing the Koch Postulates. Puccinia sherardiana was previously described as a rust with a microcyclic life cycle on species of the genera Alcea, Malvastrum, Sidalcea and Sphaeralcea , belonging to the Malvaceae family, however, this study revealed that this plant pathogenic fungus has a demicyclic life cycle.

scholarly journals Feeding of two sympatric species of Characidium, C. lanei and C. pterostictum (Characidiinae) in a coastal stream of Atlantic Forest (Southern Brazil)

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Marcelo R. Aranha ◽  
José Henrique C. Gomes ◽  
Fábio N. O. Fogaça
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Chironomidae Larvae ◽  
Electric Fishing

The feeding strategy of Characidium lanei and C. pterostictum was studied in the "Cabral" stream, a coastal stream of the Atlantic Forest, in southern Brazil. The samples were taken using electric fishing between March/95 and February/96. We studied about 15 stomach contents for each species in each season of the year. The stomach contents of the studied species were composed of 39 different food items, 28 in C. lanei and 24 in C. pterostictum. Chironomidae larvae and Ephemeroptera nymph were the most important items for C. lanei, except in the summer when Acarina and not identified Arthropoda were the most important items. Chironomidae and Simulidae larvae were the most important items in C. pterostictum. These results indicated an insectivorous habits and opportunist feeding strategy to C. lanei and C. pterostictum with several items rare or not very frequent.

scholarly journals Chironomidae larvae (Diptera) of Neotropical floodplain: overlap niche in different habitats

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
CMM. Butakka ◽  
FH. Ragonha ◽  
AM. Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Trophic Networks ◽  
Chironomidae Larvae ◽  
Neotropical Floodplain

The niche overlap between trophic groups of Chironomidae larvae in different habitats was observed between trophic groups and between different environments in Neotropical floodplain. For the evaluation we used the index of niche overlap (CXY) and analysis of trophic networks, both from the types and amount of food items identified in the larval alimentary canal. In all environments, the larvae fed on mainly organic matter such as plants fragments and algae, but there were many omnivore larvae. Species that have high values of food items occurred in diverse environments as generalists with great overlap niche and those with a low amount of food items with less overlap niche were classified as specialists. The largest number of trophic niche overlap was observed among collector-gatherers in connected floodplain lakes. The lower values of index niche overlap were predators. The similarity in the diet of different taxa in the same niche does not necessarily imply competition between them, but coexistence when the food resource is not scarce in the environment even in partially overlapping niches.

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