scholarly journals Co-liderazgo en interacción: Un análisis del discurso multimodal durante una reunión de un movimiento juvenil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Dorien Van De Mieroop, ◽  
Jolien Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
Leadership Process ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Discursive Leadership ◽  
Do So

This article builds further on Gail Fairhurst’s influential work on leadership (2007), in which she foregrounds a discursive perspective on leadership and turns away from the ‘great man’ school of thought, which attempted to distinguish discerning characteristics and traits of leaders versus non-leaders. From such a discursive leadership perspective, leadership is conceptualized as a collaborative process that takes place in real life and that revolves around influencing others towards achieving organizationally relevant goals. This implies that all participants are actively involved in this process, thus problematizing the strict distinction between leaders and followers, and that leadership may be shared by two or more people. In this study, we look at the way in which such a shared co-leadership constellation is constructed in interaction and how it is continuously negotiated with the other participants. In order to do so, we adopt a multimodal discourse analytical approach to tease out the micro-processes of ‘doing’ leadership and use the conversation-analytic concepts of epistemics and (proximal and distal) deontics. Overall, we could conclude that our fine-grained multimodal analyses demonstrated the ways in which the (co-)leadership process is constantly negotiated through a complex interplay of participants’ epistemic and deontic statuses as well as the subsequent stances they express in interaction.

scholarly journals Co-leiderschap in vergaderingen : Een multimodale discoursanalytische studie

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-277
Author(s):  
Dorien Van De Mieroop ◽  
Jolien Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Group Meeting ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
The Way

Abstract Co-leadership in meetings: A multimodal discourse analytical studyIn the last decade, leadership has been increasingly studied from a discursive perspective and attention has been drawn to how this process of influencing others towards achieving organizationally relevant goals, takes place in real life. Yet, not many studies have looked at (1) the way in which co-leadership constellations are negotiated in interaction, and (2) how this process takes place by means of verbal as well as non-verbal resources. In this paper, we integrate a multimodal perspective into our discourse analytical approach and analyze the co-leadership practices taking place during a scouting group meeting. In our analyses, we draw on the concepts of proximal and distal deontic status and stance to investigate these leadership processes in interaction, while also drawing attention to the role of epistemics in relation to how these deontic rights are enacted. From these analyses, we conclude that (1) in this co-leadership constellation, deontic rights are neatly divided, sometimes also in relation to the participants’ epistemic statuses; and (2) in spite of some ostensive challenges to the exertion of proximal and distal deontic claims, only claims that are congruent with the speakers’ statuses turn out to be influential in the interaction.

scholarly journals Did the NSA and GCHQ Diminish Our Privacy? What the Control Account Should Say

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonhard Menges
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
Do So

AbstractA standard account of privacy says that it is essentially a kind of control over personal information. Many privacy scholars have argued against this claim by relying on so-called threatened loss cases. In these cases, personal information about an agent is easily available to another person, but not accessed. Critics contend that control accounts have the implausible implication that the privacy of the relevant agent is diminished in threatened loss cases. Recently, threatened loss cases have become important because Edward Snowden’s revelation of how the NSA and GCHQ collected Internet and mobile phone data presents us with a gigantic, real-life threatened loss case. In this paper, I will defend the control account of privacy against the argument that is based on threatened loss cases. I will do so by developing a new version of the control account that implies that the agents’ privacy is not diminished in threatened loss cases.

Tort’s Indifference: Conformity, Compliance, and Civil Recourse

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Ahson Azmat
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reasons For Action ◽  
Internal Point ◽  
Loss Allocation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Normative Force ◽  
Extensional Structure ◽  
Do So

AbstractLeading accounts of tort law split cleanly into two seams. Some trace its foundations to a deontic form of morality; others to an instrumental, policy-oriented system of efficient loss allocation. An increasingly prominent alternative to both seams, Civil Recourse Theory (CRT) resists this binary by arguing that tort comprises a basic legal category, and that its directives constitute reasons for action with robust normative force. Using the familiar question whether tort’s directives are guidance rules or liability rules as a lens, or prism, this essay shows how considerations of practical reasoning undermine one of CRT’s core commitments. If tort directives exert robust normative force, we must account for its grounds—for where it comes from, and why it obtains. CRT tries to do so by co-opting H.L.A. Hart’s notion of the internal point of view, but this leveraging strategy cannot succeed: while the internal point of view sees legal directives as guides to action, tort law merely demands conformity. To be guided by a directive is to comply with it, not conform to it, so tort’s structure blocks the shortcut to normativity CRT attempts to navigate. Given the fine-grained distinctions the theory makes, and with the connection between its claims and tort’s requirements thus severed, CRT faces a dilemma: it’s either unresponsive to tort’s normative grounds, or it’s inattentive to tort’s extensional structure.

scholarly journals A fine-grained arc-consistency algorithm for non-normalized constraint satisfaction problems

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Arangú ◽  
Miguel Salido
Keyword(s):  
Constraint Satisfaction ◽  
Constraint Programming ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction Problems ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Arc Consistency ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Programming Techniques ◽  
Np Complete

A fine-grained arc-consistency algorithm for non-normalized constraint satisfaction problems Constraint programming is a powerful software technology for solving numerous real-life problems. Many of these problems can be modeled as Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) and solved using constraint programming techniques. However, solving a CSP is NP-complete so filtering techniques to reduce the search space are still necessary. Arc-consistency algorithms are widely used to prune the search space. The concept of arc-consistency is bidirectional, i.e., it must be ensured in both directions of the constraint (direct and inverse constraints). Two of the most well-known and frequently used arc-consistency algorithms for filtering CSPs are AC3 and AC4. These algorithms repeatedly carry out revisions and require support checks for identifying and deleting all unsupported values from the domains. Nevertheless, many revisions are ineffective, i.e., they cannot delete any value and consume a lot of checks and time. In this paper, we present AC4-OP, an optimized version of AC4 that manages the binary and non-normalized constraints in only one direction, storing the inverse founded supports for their later evaluation. Thus, it reduces the propagation phase avoiding unnecessary or ineffective checking. The use of AC4-OP reduces the number of constraint checks by 50% while pruning the same search space as AC4. The evaluation section shows the improvement of AC4-OP over AC4, AC6 and AC7 in random and non-normalized instances.

SonicFace

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yincheng Jin ◽  
Seokmin Choi ◽  
Jiyang Li ◽  
Junjie Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Microphone Array ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Ubiquitous Sensing ◽  
Contact Free

Accurate recognition of facial expressions and emotional gestures is promising to understand the audience's feedback and engagement on the entertainment content. Existing methods are primarily based on various cameras or wearable sensors, which either raise privacy concerns or demand extra devices. To this aim, we propose a novel ubiquitous sensing system based on the commodity microphone array --- SonicFace, which provides an accessible, unobtrusive, contact-free, and privacy-preserving solution to monitor the user's emotional expressions continuously without playing hearable sound. SonicFace utilizes a pair of speaker and microphone array to recognize various fine-grained facial expressions and emotional hand gestures by emitted ultrasound and received echoes. Based on a set of experimental evaluations, the accuracy of recognizing 6 common facial expressions and 4 emotional gestures can reach around 80%. Besides, the extensive system evaluations with distinct configurations and an extended real-life case study have demonstrated the robustness and generalizability of the proposed SonicFace system.

Working with Industrial Cobots: The Influence of Reliability and Transparency on Perception and Trust

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Lina Kluy ◽  
Eileen Roesler
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Human Robot Collaboration ◽  
Positive Effect

Industrial human-robot collaboration (HRC) is not yet widely spread but on the rise. This development raises the question about properties collaborative robots (cobots) need, to enable a pleasant and smooth interaction. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of transparency and reliability on perception of and trust towards cobots. A video-enhanced online study with 124 participants was conducted. Transparency was provided through the presentation of differing information, and reliability was manipulated through differing error rates. The results showed a positive effect of transparency on perceived safety and intelligence. Reliability had a positive effect on perceived intelligence, likeability and trust. The effect of reliability on trust was more pronounced for low transparent robots. The results indicate the relevance of carefully selected information to counteract negative effects of failures. Future research should transfer the study design into a real-life experiment with more fine-grained levels of transparency and reliability.

scholarly journals Sociocultural Mechanisms of Conflict: Combining Topic and Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models in an Analysis of Afghanistan, 1979-2001

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Karell ◽  
Michael Raphael Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Cultural Sociology ◽  
Conflict Studies ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Cultural Domain ◽  
Do So

How do sociocultural dynamics shape conflict? We develop a relational understanding of how social relations, culture, and conflict are interwoven. Using this framework, we examine how combatants' associations with cultural elements affect the interpersonal relationships underlying conflict dynamics, as well as how these relationships engender associations to cultural elements. To do so, we first introduce a novel analytical approach that synthesizes computational textual analysis and stochastic actor-oriented models of longitudinal networks. We then use our approach to analyze a two-level socio-semantic graph representing both the cultural domain and social relationships of prominent militants operating in one Afghan province, Balkh, between 1979 and 2001. Our results indicate that militants' interpersonal comradeships rely, in part, on their connections to cultural elements and relative power. Comradeship, in turn, fosters militants' connections to cultural elements. We conclude by discussing how conflict studies can continue to build on insights from cultural sociology, as well as how cultural sociology and socio-semantic network research can benefit from further engaging conflict studies and developing our analytical approach. We also highlight provisional insights into endogenous mechanisms of conflict resolution and cultural change.

scholarly journals Zooming into Real-Life Extraversion – How Personality and Situation Shape Sociability in Social Interactions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Mats Breil ◽  
Katharina Geukes ◽  
Robert Edmund Wilson ◽  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Simine Vazire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Context Shape ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Main Effects

Here, we provide you with supplemental material (additional tables, data, R-Codes) and a Preprint to the manuscript "Zooming into Real-Life Extraversion - How Personality and Context Shape Sociability in Social Interactions" by Breil et al. (under review). Abstract:What predicts sociable behavior? While main effects of personality and situation characteristics on sociability are well established, the determinants of sociable behavior within real-life social interactions are understudied. Moreover, although such effects are often hypothesized, there is to date little evidence of person-situation interaction effects. Finally, previous research focused on self-reported behavior ratings, and less is known on the partner’s social perspective, i.e. how partners perceive and influence an actor’s behavior. In the current research we investigated predictors of sociable behavior in real-life social interactions across social perspectives, including person and situation main effects as well as person-situation interaction effects. In two experience-sampling studies (Study 1: N = 394, US, time-based; Study 2: N = 124, Germany, event-based), we assessed personality traits with self- and informant reports, self-reported sociable behavior during real-life social interaction, and corresponding information on the situation (dimensional ratings of situation characteristics and categorical situation classifications). In Study 2, we additionally assessed interaction partner-reported behavior. Multilevel analyses provided consistent evidence for main effects of personality and situation features, and for person-situation interaction effects. First, extraverts acted more sociable in general. Second, individuals behaved more sociable in hedonic/positive/low-duty situations (vs. eudaimonic/negative/high-duty situations). Third, the latter was particularly true for extraverts. Further specific interaction effects were found for the other social perspectives. These results are discussed regarding the complex interplay of persons and situations in shaping human behavior.

Dumbledore’s army: civil disobedience in “Harry Potter and The Order of the Phoenix”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Arthur Emanuel Leal Abreu ◽  
Alexandre de Castro Coura
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
School Community ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Law And Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Law In Literature ◽  
The Phoenix ◽  
Do So

This paper explores the connection between law and literature, considering the concept of civil disobedience as developed in the plot of the novel “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix”. To do so, this research uses the approach of law in literature, by linking the actions of Dumbledore’s Army to the theory of civil disobedience by Dworkin. Also, the narrative is compared to the conception of civil disobedience as a fundamental right, based on the conflict between facticity and validity, as described by Habermas. Thus, the analysis identifies, in the novel, two categories of civil disobedience proposed by Dworkin, and discusses, in real life, the overlapping of disobedience based on justice and on politics, in order to identify the conditions that justify actions of civil disobedience. Besides that, this paper analyzes the tension between legality and legitimacy, considering the decisions of the Ministry of Magic and its educational decrees, which sets the school community apart from the official political power. In conclusion, the research examines the use of persuasive and non-persuasive strategies and the reach of civil disobedience’s purposes based on the actions of Harry Potter and of Dumbledore’s Army.

Discursive leadership

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-77
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Montaudon-Tomas ◽  
Ivonne M. Montaudon-Tomas ◽  
Ingrid N. Pinto-López ◽  
Yvonne Lomas-Montaudon
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Business School ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Discursive Leadership ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
Business And Management ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

This chapter analyzes discursive leadership in first-time leadership and introduces a scale that was developed to measure discursive leadership abilities based on seven distinct dimensions: overall effectiveness, tools used, guidance, modulating, empowerment, non-verbal cues, and climate and bonding. The scale was developed and pilot-tested at a private business school in Puebla, Mexico, based on followers' perceptions. Theory on discursive leadership was analyzed as a form of organizational communication and as a process between leaders and followers. An overview of the state of research in the field of business and management, specifically basic constructs, fundamental notions, and elements are presented, as well as new lines of research in the area.

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