scholarly journals Independent means of business communication in manager personnel

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (86) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
K.M. Hirniak
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Management ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
Verbal Messages ◽  
The Right

Non-verbal means of business communication for the personnel management system are considered in the article. Business communication is disclosed as the communication of various meetings with personal acquaintance, which is a necessary component of cooperation with non-verbal means. Individual substantiation of non-verbal communication, built on the system of non-verbal characters, serving as means for the exchange of information between people. Research is used to provide information transmitted by verbal means (only words) by about 7%, only by voice – by 38% (in particular due to the tone of voice, intonation and other sounds) and non-verbal means – 55%. Non-verbal messages have certain features, they are: unstructured, can not be decomposed into separate components; tied to the terms of communication; non-intentional, spontaneous; more innate than acquired; are formed under the dominant influence of the right hemisphere of the brain. It is proved that there are reasons to trust non-verbal means of communication. The emphasis is on the management of personnel, which obliges to business communication and determined by the ability to correctly interpret the visual information, as well as the partner's look, his facial expressions, gestures, timbre and tempo of the language. Ability to recognize non-verbal signals allows a business person: the ability to recognize the obstacles that arise at the level of personal relationships at the time of their origin, intercept and neutralize the corresponding signals, rebuild a conversation with these signals, change the timing of the conversation; the ability to verify the correctness of their interpretation of signals. The purpose of this article is to study non-verbal (non-verbal) human resources management tools used in business communication. In the course of the presentation of the article came to the conclusion that non-verbal means of business communication can provide some assistance in achieving the desired result in the process of negotiations with business partners or in personnel management; feelings, emotions, relationships of people, allows you to convey proper information, the content of which is reviewed by language, that is verbal means. In the future, we see that non-verbal means of business communication in the management of personnel, which must comply with the norms and verbal etiquette adopted in the appropriate environment, as well as intellectual and professional levels.

scholarly journals Ambisonics Sound Source Localization With Varying Amount of Visual Information in Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirsa Huisman ◽  
Axel Ahrens ◽  
Ewen MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Acoustic Localization ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
The Right

To reproduce realistic audio-visual scenarios in the laboratory, Ambisonics is often used to reproduce a sound field over loudspeakers and virtual reality (VR) glasses are used to present visual information. Both technologies have been shown to be suitable for research. However, the combination of both technologies, Ambisonics and VR glasses, might affect the spatial cues for auditory localization and thus, the localization percept. Here, we investigated how VR glasses affect the localization of virtual sound sources on the horizontal plane produced using either 1st-, 3rd-, 5th- or 11th-order Ambisonics with and without visual information. Results showed that with 1st-order Ambisonics the localization error is larger than with the higher orders, while the differences across the higher orders were small. The physical presence of the VR glasses without visual information increased the perceived lateralization of the auditory stimuli by on average about 2°, especially in the right hemisphere. Presenting visual information about the environment and potential sound sources did reduce this HMD-induced shift, however it could not fully compensate for it. While the localization performance itself was affected by the Ambisonics order, there was no interaction between the Ambisonics order and the effect of the HMD. Thus, the presence of VR glasses can alter acoustic localization when using Ambisonics sound reproduction, but visual information can compensate for most of the effects. As such, most use cases for VR will be unaffected by these shifts in the perceived location of the auditory stimuli.

Split brains

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Interhemispheric Interaction ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The largest fibre tract in the human brain connects the two cerebral hemispheres. A ‘split-brain’ surgery severs this structure, sometimes together with other white matter tracts connecting the right hemisphere and the left. Split-brain surgeries have long been performed on non-human animals for experimental purposes, but a number of these surgeries were also performed on adult human beings in the second half of the twentieth century, as a medical treatment for severe cases of epilepsy. A number of these people afterwards agreed to participate in ongoing research into the psychobehavioural consequences of the procedure. These experiments have helped to show that the corpus callosum is a significant source of interhemispheric interaction and information exchange in the ‘neurotypical’ brain. After split-brain surgery, the two hemispheres operate unusually independently of each other in the realm of perception, cognition, and the control of action. For instance, each hemisphere receives visual information directly from the opposite (‘contralateral’) side of space, the right hemisphere from the left visual field and the left hemisphere from the right visual field. This is true of the normal (‘neurotypical’) brain too, but in the neurotypical case interhemispheric tracts allow either hemisphere to gain access to the information that the other has received. In a split-brain subject however the information more or less stays put in whatever hemisphere initially received it. And it isn’t just visual information that is confined to one hemisphere or the other after the surgery. Rather, after split-brain surgery, each hemisphere is the source of proprietary perceptual information of various kinds, and is also the source of proprietary memories, intentions, and aptitudes. Various notions of psychological unity or integration have always been central to notions of mind, personhood, and the self. Although split-brain surgery does not prevent interhemispheric interaction or exchange, it naturally alters and impedes it. So does the split-brain subject as a whole nonetheless remain a unitary psychological being? Or could there now be two such psychological beings within one human animal – sharing one body, one face, one voice? Prominent neuropsychologists working with the subjects have often appeared to argue or assume that a split-brain subject has a divided or disunified consciousness and even two minds. Although a number of philosophers agree, the majority seem to have resisted these conscious and mental ‘duality claims’, defending alternative interpretations of the split-brain experimental results. The sources of resistance are diverse, including everything from a commitment to the necessary unity of consciousness, to recognition of those psychological processes that remain interhemispherically integrated, to concerns about what the moral and legal consequences would be of recognizing multiple psychological beings in one body. On the other hand underlying most of these arguments against the various ‘duality’ claims is the simple fact that the split-brain subject does not appear to be two persons, but one – and there are powerful conceptual, social, and moral connections between being a unitary person on the one hand and having a unified consciousness and mind on the other.

scholarly journals Fundamental Nature of Human Infant's Brain Asymmetry

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhn A. Wada ◽  
Alan E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Implication ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Morphological Asymmetry ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Verbal Content ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporal Coherency

SUMMARY:Morphological speech zone asymmetry in man cannot be due to environmental or developmental factors after birth. The functional implication of such a finding is not yet clear. Morphological asymmetry of the human brain is paralleled by electrophysiological evidence of cerebral hemispheric asymmetries. The results of our analysis of 50 infants suggest that clear occipital-temporal coherency asymmetry similar, but not identical to the adult pattern, also exists at or near birth. These asymmetries are generated by stimuli with no verbal content and in infants who presumably have no or an undeveloped capability for language. It is suggested that language is only a part of much more fundamental asymmetries which include the processing of auditory and visual information. Our results, and those of others, are consistent with the assumption that the left hemisphere is more able to relate stimuli to past experience, either short or long-term, while the right hemisphere is more able to process stimuli which are not easily identifiable or referable. These capabilities would not be based on language, and hence would be expected to develop independently and possibly before speech. The demonstration that reversing electrophysiological asymmetries can be generated with non-speech stimuli in the visual and auditory modalities, and in neonates, supports such an assumption.

Aprosodia and Its Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Leon ◽  
Amy D. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Emotional Communication ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
The Right

Abstract Aprosodia is a deficit in comprehending or expressing variations in tone of voice used to express both linguistic and emotional information. Affective aprosodia refers to a specific deficit in producing or comprehending the emotional or affective tones of voice. Aprosodia is most commonly associated with right hemisphere strokes; however, it may also result from other types of brain damage such as traumatic brain injury. Although research investigating hemispheric lateralization of prosody continues, there is strong evidence that most aspects of affective prosody are directed by the right hemisphere. Disorders of emotional communication can have a significant impact on quality of life for those affected and their families. However, there has been relatively little research regarding treatment for this disorder. Recently, 14 individuals were treated for affective aprosodia using two treatments, one based on cognitive-linguistic cues and the other on imitation of prosodic modeling. Most of the participants responded to at least one of the two treatments, and a refinement of the treatments are currently underway. Because researchers are finding support for the hypothesis that expressive aprosodia can result from a motor deficit, the refined treatment incorporates principles of motor learning to enhance imitation of prosodic models, as well as cognitive-linguistic cues.

scholarly journals ШЛЯХИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ ГОТЕЛЬНО-РЕСТОРАННОГО БІЗНЕСУ

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Олена М. Ніфатова ◽  
Катерина Л. Ковальова
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Management ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
World Market ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Integrated Method

The paper discusses the ways to enhance the personnel management efficiency in hotel and restaurant business by suggesting an integrated method of traditional personnel management and new strategies and techniques affecting the employee motivation in the hotel and restaurant sector. The relevance and the need to implement the key personnel management tools in the hotel and restaurant business to increase its competitiveness in the services market have been grounded. It has been estimated that human resources management in the hotel and restaurant business employs a range of methods and managerial decisions which directly affect the overall business processes arrangements for hospitality industry personnel to attain the organizational objectives through ensuring high service quality. During the study, the following research methods have been applied: analysis and synthesis – to identify the strengths and weaknesses of personnel management methods and styles in the hotel and restaurant business; a method of statistical observations – to analyze the HoReCa hospitality industry development indices. Based on the study of best practices of HoReCa world market leaders, the most effective management styles have been identified. It is argued that successful and efficient use of primary, fundamental theoretical concepts in the personnel management context will facilitate further economic development and business stability under market uncertainty and volatility. Evidence is provided that the modern personnel management process in the hotel and restaurant business accumulates the major research findings on employee management and a set of contemporary mechanisms associated with their interaction, promoting creativity of staff, integration of efforts to achieve the goals set. Proactive employee-management interaction proves to be a positive indicator of hotel or restaurant effective performance.

scholarly journals Unified Visual Working Memory without the Anterior Corpus Callosum

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Yair Pinto ◽  
Edward H.F. de Haan ◽  
Maria-Chiara Villa ◽  
Sabrina Siliquini ◽  
Gabriele Polonara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Hemifields

One of the most fundamental, and most studied, human cognitive functions is working memory. Yet, it is currently unknown how working memory is unified. In other words, why does a healthy human brain have one integrated capacity of working memory, rather than one capacity per visual hemifield, for instance. Thus, healthy subjects can memorize roughly as many items, regardless of whether all items are presented in one hemifield, rather than throughout two visual hemifields. In this current research, we investigated two patients in whom either most, or the entire, corpus callosum has been cut to alleviate otherwise untreatable epilepsy. Crucially, in both patients the anterior parts connecting the frontal and most of the parietal cortices, are entirely removed. This is essential, since it is often posited that working memory resides in these areas of the cortex. We found that despite the lack of direct connections between the frontal cortices in these patients, working memory capacity is similar regardless of whether stimuli are all presented in one visual hemifield or across two visual hemifields. This indicates that in the absence of the anterior parts of the corpus callosum working memory remains unified. Moreover, it is important to note that memory performance was not similar across visual fields. In fact, capacity was higher when items appeared in the left visual hemifield than when they appeared in the right visual hemifield. Visual information in the left hemifield is processed by the right hemisphere and vice versa. Therefore, this indicates that visual working memory is not symmetric, with the right hemisphere having a superior visual working memory. Nonetheless, a (subcortical) bottleneck apparently causes visual working memory to be integrated, such that capacity does not increase when items are presented in two, rather than one, visual hemifield.

Schizophrenia and Spectral Analysis of the Visual Evoked Potential

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Jutai ◽  
J. H. Gruzelier ◽  
J. F. Connolly ◽  
R. Manchanda ◽  
S. R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Evoked

SummaryPower spectral analysis was performed on the visual evoked potentials (VEPs) recorded in response to flashes of different intensity in both unmedicated schizophrenic and normal subjects. At occipital locations (01, 02), schizophrenics showed less power than normals in the 10–14 Hz frequency range. In the 18–22 Hz range, schizophrenics showed under-activation in the left hemisphere and over-activation in the right. At temporal locations (T3, T4), schizophrenics showed abnormal (left greater than right) hemisphere patterns of activation in 10–14 Hz and 18–22 Hz ranges. There were no group differences in relationships between power and intensity changes at vertex (Cz). The results suggest abnormal cortical-subcortical interactions during analysis of visual information in schizophrenia.

Right Hemisphere Language Operations

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Lee X. Blonder
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Discourse Processing ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Verbal Messages ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hemisphere Specialization

This book contains an introduction by the editors and 15 chapters that are divided into three parts. Part I is entitled “Decoding Speech Sounds and Individual Words”; part II: “Lexical and Sentence-Level Semantics”; and Part III: “Discourse Processing and Problem Solving.” Each part concludes with a commentary by the editors. As these section titles show, the book provides evidence that the right hemisphere is involved with functions more commonly ascribed to the left hemisphere, namely, phonology, morphology, and semantics. In addition, several chapters are devoted to aspects of communicative competence commonly associated with right hemisphere specialization, such as discourse comprehension and the appreciation of emotional verbal messages. Previous works, such as Language, Aphasia, and the Right Hemisphere by Chris Code (1987), provide a more basic introduction to what was then known of right hemisphere communicative competence. The Beeman and Chiarello volume is directed towards a more sophisticated target audience familiar with neurolinguistic models of hemispheric contributions to language comprehension.

A Double Dissociation in the Affective Modulation of Startle in Humans: Effects of Unilateral Temporal Lobectomy

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sumie Funayama ◽  
Christian Grillon ◽  
Michael Davis ◽  
Elizabeth A. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Right

In the present study we report a double dissociation between right and left medial temporal lobe damage in the modulation of fear responses to different types of stimuli. We found that right unilateral temporal lobectomy (RTL) patients, in contrast to control subjects and left temporal lobectomy (LTL) patients, failed to show potentiated startle while viewing negative pictures. However, the opposite pattern of impairment was observed during a stimulus that patients had been told signaled the possibility of shock. Control subjects and RTL patients showed potentiated startle while LTL patients failed to show potentiated startle. We hypothesize that the right medial temporal lobe modulates fear responses while viewing emotional pictures, which involves exposure to (emotional) visual information and is consistent with the emotional processing traditionally ascribed to the right hemisphere. In contrast, the left medial temporal lobe modulates fear responses when those responses are the result of a linguistic/cognitive representation acquired through language, which, like other verbally mediated material, generally involves the left hemisphere. Additional evidence from case studies suggests that, within the medial temporal lobe, the amygdala is responsible for this modulation.

scholarly journals Sound source localization with varying amount of visual information in virtual reality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Ahrens ◽  
Kasper Duemose Lund ◽  
Marton Marschall ◽  
Torsten Dau
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Sound Localization ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
The Right

AbstractTo achieve accurate spatial auditory perception, subjects typically require personal head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) and the freedom for head movements. Loudspeaker-based virtual sound environments allow for realism without individualized measurements. To study audio-visual perception in realistic environments, the combination of spatially tracked head mounted displays (HMDs), also known as virtual reality glasses, and virtual sound environments may be valuable. However, HMDs were recently shown to affect the subjects’ HRTFs and thus might influence sound localization performance. Furthermore, due to limitations of the reproduction of visual information on the HMD, audio-visual perception might be influenced. Here, a sound localization experiment was conducted both with and without an HMD and with a varying amount of visual information provided to the subjects. Furthermore, interaural time and level difference errors (ITDs and ILDs) as well as spectral perturbations induced by the HMD were analyzed and compared to the perceptual localization data. The results showed a reduction of the localization accuracy when the subjects were wearing an HMD and when they were blindfolded. The HMD-induced error in azimuth localization was found to be larger in the left than in the right hemisphere. Thus, the errors in ITD and ILD can only partly account for the perceptual differences. When visual information of the limited set of source locations was provided, the localization error induced by the HMD was found to be negligible. Presenting visual information of hand-location, room dimensions, source locations and pointing feedback on the HMD revealed similar effects as previously shown in real environments.

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