scholarly journals The cooperative movement in rural areas should be a priority in reforming of agriculture (opportunities, realities and economic efficiency of its approval)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (86) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
V. O. Gorbanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

The history of rural cooperatives in Ukraine is quite deep. It includes both national characteristics and certain global trends. Today in Ukraine the cooperative movement in the agro-industrial complex is primarily connected with the implementation of a comprehensive, agrarian, incl. land reform. The legal and normative mechanisms of socio-economic relations in the village are regulated by the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Commercial Code of Ukraine, the Land Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Farmers», the Law of Ukraine «On Personal Peasant Economy», the Law of Ukraine «On State Support to Agriculture», the Law of Ukraine «On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individuals-Enterprises and Public Formations», the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Advisory Activities», the Law of Ukraine «On Cooperation», the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation». These legislative acts determine that an agricultural cooperative is an important form of management, an integral part of a multi-faceted economy in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. However, it should be noted that at present the potential of agricultural cooperation in Ukraine remains poorly implemented, in particular, the establishment of multi-functional cooperatives, which in turn can form higher-level associations by sector or territory, act as founders of different types of enterprises, have their own competitive representations in the regions of Ukraine and abroad. Today should be answered rather effective is the prospect of introducing an integrated multi-profit agricultural service cooperatives built on profitable pricing under conditions of self-sufficient local communities combined with the experience and practices of the developed countries of Europe and the world. Does farmers need a real serving non-profit agricultural cooperative. The answer to this should be given by the conducted research, and the analysis of the existing experience. The history of Ukraine, including Galicia, had a positive experience in the functioning of rural cooperation. And in the world the particular importance are agricultural cooperatives which unite the efforts of rural producers in solving not only economic and social problems in the rural areas.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL DISASTER COVID-19, INDONESIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECESSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Disaster

Covid-19 or the corona virus is a virus that has become a disaster and a global humanitarian disaster began in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China, April 2020 the spread of the corona virus has spread throughout the world making the greatest humanitarian disaster in the history of human civilization after the war world II, Already tens of thousands of people have died, millions of people have been infected with the conona virus from poor countries, developing countries to developed countries overwhelmed by this virus outbreak. Increasingly, the spread follows a series of measurements while patients who recover recover from a series of counts so that this epidemic becomes a very frightening disaster plus there is no drug or vaccine for this corona virus yet found, so that all countries implement strategies to reduce this spread from social distancing, phycal distancing to with a city or country lockdown.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Agricultural Cooperatives Towards Enhancing Food Security in Rural Areas: Mbombela Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 661-674
Author(s):  
Confidence Ndlovu ◽  
Mfundo M. Masuku
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Business Entities

This paper aimed to explore the effectiveness of agricultural cooperatives towards the enhancement of food security in rural areas. The formation of agricultural cooperatives in South Africa is a prerequisite for obtaining government support concerning activities aimed at social and economic development. It is well-documented that agricultural cooperatives are business entities and vehicles for food security. However, this review sustained that agricultural cooperative do not completely alleviate the vulnerability of food-insecure households because of the dearth of institutional support and sufficient productive resources.  Focus group discussions with six agricultural cooperatives and four face-to-face in-depth interviews with municipal officials were conducted to envisage the improvement of food security through agricultural cooperatives. Using thematic analysis to analyse data, findings confirmed that institutional support improves the efficiency of agricultural cooperatives at the local level. Furthermore, institutional support enhances productivity which renders the cooperatives as a supplementary intervention to food security. However, there is a gap in enabling access to agricultural inputs, such as funding for access to farming equipment. This paper recommends the implementation of a cooperative management structure to enhance planning, coordination, and monitoring. The municipality should review the agricultural cooperative governance frameworks to achieve enabling environments for farming activities

Influences of New England Law on the Middle Colonies

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Haskins
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Mother Country ◽  
The World ◽  
Middle Colonies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The University

On October 3, 1881, William Henry Rawle, the distinguished Philadelphia lawyer and scholar, addressed students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School hoping to illustrate, ‘in a very general and elementary way,’ the differences between the growth of English and early Pennsylvania jurisprudence. ‘It would have been more interesting and more broadly useful,’ Rawle apologized to his audience, ‘if the attempt could have been extended to embrace the other colonies which afterwards became the United States, for there would have been not only the contrast between the mother country and her colonies, but the contrast between the colonies themselves.’ Rawle was confident that such an examination would have revealed how ‘in some cases, one colony followed or imitated another in its alteration of the law which each had brought over, and how, in others, the law was changed in one colony to suit its needs, all unconscious of similar changes in another.’ ‘Unhappily,’ Rawle explained, ‘this must be the History of the Future for the materials have as yet been sparingly given to the world.’

scholarly journals On the issue of legal regulation of labor relations in agricultural cooperatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novak Tamara ◽  
◽  
Melnyk Viktoriia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Labor Participation ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Law ◽  
Cooperative Labor

The article analyzes the problems of the current state of legal regulation of labor relations in agricultural cooperatives. Prospects for the settlement of these relations in the context of labor reform and updating of agricultural legislation are investigated. According to the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the low degree of regulation of agrarian labor relations in agricultural cooperatives by the norms of agrarian law. It is determined that in the existing drafts of the Labor Code in terms of settlement of the studied relations a prominent place is given to the local level, which again brings us back to the problem of low level of labor relations with members of agricultural cooperatives by local acts. It is established that based on the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation» dated 21.07.2020 № 819-IX the most acceptable way of legal registration of labor participation of members of agricultural cooperatives, will be the conclusion of employment contracts with such persons. It is stated that the abolition of mandatory labor participation of members of the cooperative in its activities and the complexity of regulating such relations in the future may lead to the spread of the practice of not establishing this condition in the statutes of such entities. It is proposed to develop a bylaw that would regulate the method and procedure for registration of relations on labor participation of members of the cooperative in its activities, determine the characteristics of the work of members of the cooperative. A proposal was made to include in the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation» № 819-IX norms on the peculiarities of the regulation of labor relations in agricultural cooperatives. Keywords: agrarian labor relations, cooperative, legal regulation, labor in agriculture, agricultural cooperative, labor relations, membership

scholarly journals COVID-19: Isolations, Quarantines and Domestic Violence in Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Augusto de Lima Augusto de Lima ◽  
Paula Monikee Rezende Alves ◽  
Carla Jaciara Baraúna De Oliveira ◽  
Thaísa Rodrigues Nascimento De Oliveira ◽  
Katricia Beatriz Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

It was argued that the coronavirus pandemic is likely to lead to an increase in the occurrence of domestic violence incidents against women, while victims are forced to quarantine at home with potentially abusive family members. In this context, it was found that women living in rural areas are at increased risk. In defining their vulnerability was observed least school years, black race and young age (young women) of raped and abused women. The spouse was also identified as the main aggressor, who practiced physical violence, with recurrence, within the victim's own residence, associated with the abusive use of alcoholic beverages. It has alerted the world to this problem and called attention to the need to promote strategies to protect women. It is known that women and men experience pandemics in different ways and those circumstances, in addition to strengthening situations of women's vulnerability, tend to aggravate family tensions, especially in families with a history of recurrent domestic violence.

The Law "Land Reform" of 1990 as a milestone in the history of development of land relations and land management in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
V.N. Khlystun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law

The article provides a historical and economic analysis of the RSFSR law «Land reform» adopted in November of 1990, determines its impact of the subsequent development of land relations in Russia and assesses their current state.

On Development History of Australia’s Language Policy and the Enlightenment to China’s Foreign Language Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Zhou ◽  
Li Zou
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Language Education ◽  
Language Education Policy ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Development History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

As is well-known, Australia is the first English country to officially make and efficiently carry out multi-lingual and plural culture in the world, whose language education policy has been highly spoken of by most linguists and politicians in the world in terms of the formulation and implementation. By studying such items as affecting factors, development history, implementing strategies of Australian language education policy under the background of multiculturalism, researchers can get a clue of the law of development of the language education policy in the developed countries and even the world. To be specific, through studying the development history of Australian language education policy under the background of multiculturalism, the paper puts forward some enlightenment and presents some advice on the China’s foreign language education.

Rural Development in Malaysia-Issues and Problems Conf ronting MADA, FELDA and RISDA1

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-86
Author(s):  
Alex Yui-Huen Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Third World

AbstractAsia is predominantly a rural society. And yet, a quarter century ago, when the Asian countries emerged as politically independent nations from centuries of colonial rule, they adopted a development model2 which was indifferent if not inimical to rural development. Support for this model, which essentially permitted continuation of existing international economic relationships, came from two external sources-the developed countries of the West and the developed centrally planned countries.3 Recent years have also witnessed a heightened concern in the Third World countries over the problem of economic development. In most developing countries, past development efforts appear to have failed to bring about a real development breakthrough. Yet the recent spate of world economic crises, associated with global inflation-cum-recession, oil price increases, food shortages, instabilities in the world commodity markets, have hit many developing countries very hard, especially those in South Asia which have actually experienced a reduction in average per capita living standards over the past few years. In Malaysia, some even suggested that although money income has gone up, there are disquieting signs that the quality of life is deteriorating and that many people are finding it more and more difficult to satisfy their basic needs.4 Then the crisis of the world's agriculture and its peasant masses had led to the proposal of a number of development strategies in the rural areas (i.e. Redistribution of land; Abolition of rents and tenant arrangements; Landholding reform; Intensification of peasant agriculture; Family farms; Cooperatives; and Collective farms, etc.), all of which have been tried with more or less success in different parts of the world. Within this paper, we will specially look at the rural development efforts of Malaysia, especially some of the issues and problems encountered by some of it's rural development programmes.

Models of Peasant Differentiation and Aspects of Agrarian Economy in Colonial India

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shri Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Peasant Society ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Given their sheer numbers, it is hardly surprising that the fate of peasants during British Rule in India should have become a principal index for evaluating its successes and failures. Since the Raj was much more than another effete political superimposition on supposedly timeless villages, the question of agrarian growth or stagnation during its currency is intertwined with more general issues. In so far as colonialism meant a sizable expansion of trade to and from the rural areas, its impact on village social structure in India bears comparison with that of a modern market on peasantries in other parts of the world. Perhaps, the classic case of a peasantry coming face to face with a growing market happened in Russia between 1860 and 1930. The history of that period has generated conceptual discussion about the dynamics of peasant society. The possibility of some of those ideas shedding light on the situation in India has prompted Indo-Russian contrasts and comparisons in agrarian history on more than one occasion (Charlesworth: 1979; Stein: 1984). As a sequel to these writings the Russian debate is considered here briefly in order to suggest some ways in which it might be useful in the Indian context.

Albericus Gentilis

1911 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Willing Balch
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The World ◽  
Pax Romana ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Law ◽  
Inter State

Modern international law is generally regarded as beginning with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. But it is necessary to go much further back in the history of the world for the beginnings of the law governing the intercourse of nations. The Greek states had a rudimentary inter-state law that regulated their relations. Thus they practiced arbitration in a way among themselves: they recognized the sanctity of the person of heralds, and they followed other recognized customs in their dealings one with another. When Rome and Carthage and other nations were struggling for the mastery of the world, the beginnings of a law of nations were recognized and practiced between them. Upon, however, practically all the known world coming under the sway of imperial Rome, all possibility as well as need of a law of nations was wanting, and as a result the faltering beginnings of an international law as recognized among the Greek states and then by the Powers surrounding the Mediterranean, were extinguished by the extension of the Pax Romana to all the known world.

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