scholarly journals Microsatellite diversity in the populations of Ukrainian local chicken breeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Kulibaba ◽  
Y. V. Liashenko
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Microsatellite Diversity ◽  
F Statistics

The article considers the questions about microsatellite diversity in the populations of Birkivska Barvista (line A), White Plymouth Rock (line G-2), Poltava clay (line 14) and Rhode Island Red (line 38) chicken breeds. Using the classical PCR method, populations polymorphism was studied for 14 microsatellite loci (LEI0094, LEI0166, LEI0192, ADL0268, ADL0278, MCW0034, MCW0081, MCW0104, MCW0123, MCW0330, MCW0245, MCW0257, MCW0282, MCW0288). For all microsatellite loci 66 alleles were detected. For the population of White Plymouth Rock chicken breed, the number of individual alleles in all the loci was 64; for Birkivska Barvista – 50; for Rhode Island Red – 50; for Poltava clay – 52. By the values of the polymorphism information content (PIC), the number of highly informative markers was ~ 45% of the total. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that the biggest genetic differences were between the White Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island Red chicken breeds (65.9% of differences), the smallest were between White Plymouth Rock and Poltava clay chicken breeds (32.3%). Between lines 14 and 38 (the egg-meat direction of productivity), 35.9% of the differences were observed. By comparison of the population of Borkovskaya Barvistaya chicken breed (line A), the maximum differences were found with the Rhode Island Red (58.8%), while the G-2 and 14 lines showed similar differences (32.8 and 37.9%). According to Wright's F-statistics analysis, 19.5% of detected genetic variability was between populations that indicating a significant divergence of the experimental chicken lines. Among all studied loci, the average level of divergence (the value of Fst was within the range of 0.06–0.15) is characteristic for 29% of the total number of microsatellite markers; strongly expressed divergence (0.16–0.25) for 57% and very strong (> 0.25) for 14% (locus MCW0257 and MCW0288). By averaged values of Fis, negative values (excess of heterozygotes) were shown only for 3 from all studied loci. The average Fit value indicates a significant (27.5%) excess of homozygous individuals what indicates the high level of inbreeding in experimental chicken populations and reaches its maximum value in the MCW0245 and MCW0257 loci.

scholarly journals Bayesian estimation of range for microsatellite loci

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEDERICO M. STEFANINI ◽  
MARCUS W. FELDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Typical Sample ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
High Level ◽  
Key Parameter

Microsatellite loci have become important in population genetics because of their high level of polymorphism in natural populations, very frequent occurrence throughout the genome, and apparently high mutation rate. Observed repeat numbers (alleles size) in natural populations and expectations based on computer simulations suggest that the range of repeat numbers at a microsatellite locus is restricted. This range is a key parameter that should be properly estimated in order to proceed with calculations of divergence times in phylogenetic studies and to better investigate the within- and between-population variability. The ‘plug-in’ estimate of range based on the minimum and maximum value observed in a sample is not satisfactory because of the relatively large number of alleles in comparison with typical sample sizes. In this paper, a set of data from 30 dinucleotide microsatellite loci is analysed under the assumption of independence among loci. Bayesian inference on range for one locus is obtained by assuming that constraints on range values exist as sharp bounds. Closed-form calculations and robustness revealed by our analysis suggest that the proposed Bayesian approach might be routinely used by researchers to classify microsatellite loci according to the estimated value of their allelic range.

scholarly journals Haematological and biochemical profiles of Gallus indigenous, exotic and hybrid chicken breeds (Gallus domesticus l.) from Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripon Kumar Dutta ◽  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Ashraful Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Differential Counts

A comparative account of haemato-biochemical profiles of an indigenus (IND) and five chicken breeds: viz. Cobb 500 (COB), cockerel (COC), Fayoumi (FAY), Rhode Island Red (RIR), and Sonali (SON, derived from RIR cock × FAY hen), has been presented. The haematological profile included total counts (TC) of RBC, WBC, platelets, haemoglobin (Hb%) and ESR and differential counts (DC) of WBC included neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils. All the haematological parameters except WBC, ESR and basophils showed significant difference among the breeds (P < 0.01). Vital biochemical parameters from blood sera such as calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose and urea also showed significant difference among the chicken breeds (P < 0.05). The haematobiochemical parameters, however, were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05) with each other among the chicken breeds. Except for cholesterol vs. urea in IND, none of the correlations tested for haemato-biochemical profiles of the experimental chickens was found significant. Relevance of this study in relation to health, clinico-pathology and improved breeding strategies of the poultry species in the country has been discussed.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(2): 135-144, 2013

scholarly journals Contribution of exotic chicken breeds to dietary diversity of the rural households in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Teklemariam Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Chicken Breeds

The study was conducted in midland and lowland agro-ecological zone of North western zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Two districts were selected purposively based on their potential exotic chicken breed production. Out of the total chicken producers in the study area 264 farmers, 132 from each of the two districts were selected randomly using systematic random sampling methods. It was conducted in cross sectional survey data from 264 respondents in 2016. Its aim was to assess the contribution of producing exotic chicken to dietary diversity of the rural households with 24 hours recall method. The study examines the study area is characterized in a low dietary diversity mainly defined by starchy staples (grains, condiments, oil or fats) at the expense of protein sources (meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, eggs). The result also indicates that there is a higher probability of the exotic chicken producers groups to move from a medium dietary diversity status to a high dietary diversity status as compared with indigenous chicken producers. Based on the study result, there is possibility to improve dietary diversity and income of the households through introduction and dissemination of exotic chicken breeds to rural households. Hence, governmental and non-governmental organizations should help in intervention of exotic chicken breed to the farm households by giving different incentives.

On the Effect of the Incident Mach’s Wave on the Pulsation Level in Boundary Layer of the Plane Delta Wing

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vaganov ◽  
Yuri Yermolaev ◽  
Gleb Kolosov ◽  
Aleksandr Kosinov ◽  
Aleksandra Panina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Delta Wing ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Flow Pulsation ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Wing Model ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Leading Edges ◽  
High Level

The experimental results of high level fluctuation excitation by external Mach’s wave in the boundary layer of delta wing model with blunt leading edges at Mach numbers M = 2, 2.5, 4 are presented. The exitation areas and mass flow pulsation levels in the conditions of subsonic, sonic and supersonic leading edges have been defined. It was found that the maximum value of the pulsations is 12–15 % and varies only slightly from the flow conditions around of the delta wing

The chromian spinels of the Lyavaraka ultrabasic complex, Serpentinite Belt, Kola Peninsula, Russia: Patterns of zoning, hypermagnesian compositions, and early oxidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1693-1709
Author(s):  
Andrei Y. Barkov ◽  
Andrey A. Nikiforov ◽  
Vladimir N. Korolyuk ◽  
Larisa P. Barkova ◽  
Robert F. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Chromian Spinel ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Compositional Series ◽  
Minor Quantity

ABSTRACT The maximum value of Mg# [= 100Mg/(Mg + Fe2+ + Mn)] in chromium-bearing spinel-group minerals (Chr) in the Ultrabasic Core Zone (UCZ) of the Lyavaraka orthopyroxenite – harzburgite – dunite complex of the Serpentinite Belt in the Kola Peninsula is 54.5–67.5. Such highly magnesian compositions of spinel are associated with notable enrichments of ferric iron (Fe3+# 58–63). There are two generations of accessory Chr in the UCZ unit. The first generation occurs as inclusions in olivine that is not unusually magnesian (Mg# 90.3), and the second is closely associated with serpentine. The compositional series of Chr at Lyavaraka attains more aluminous compositions than was observed in nearby intrusive bodies. The anomalously high level of Mg in Chr, also manifest in ilmenite, is mainly a result of the high intrinsic fugacity of oxygen attained locally in the melt. A progressive buildup in H2O and increase in fO2 likely resulted from efficient vesiculation and selective loss of H2 from the Al-undepleted komatiitic magma crystallizing in a shallow setting. The chromian spinel forming in such a modified magma is virtually unzoned in Mn, and a minor quantity of Mn is also present in olivine and orthopyroxene. In contrast, zinc is strongly partitioned in the core of Chr, as it is relatively incompatible in the coexisting olivine and orthopyroxene at that stage. Zinc efficiently partitioned into the H2O-enriched melt, which crystallized as the pegmatitic orthopyroxenite near the contacts at Lyavaraka. A high potential of oxidation appears to be characteristic of all orthopyroxenite – harzburgite – dunite suites of the Serpentinite Belt formed from a primitive melt of komatiitic composition.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Antibiotyping of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Isolated from Houseflies in a Fish Market

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobur ◽  
Hasan ◽  
Haque ◽  
Mridul ◽  
Noreddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
High Level

Houseflies (Musca domestica) are well-known mechanical vectors for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria. Fish sold in open markets are exposed to houseflies. The present study investigated the prevalence and antibiotypes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp. in houseflies captured from a fish market. Direct interviews with fish vendors and consumers were also performed to draw their perceptions about the role of flies in spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A total of 60 houseflies were captured from a local fish market in Bangladesh. The presence of Salmonella spp. was confirmed using PCR method. Antibiogram was determined by the disk diffusion method, followed by the detection of tetA, tetB, and qnrA resistance genes by PCR. From the interview, it was found that most of the consumers and vendors were not aware of antibiotic resistance, but reported that flies can carry pathogens. Salmonella spp. were identified from the surface of 34 (56.7%) houseflies, of which 31 (91.2%) were found to be MDR. This study revealed 25 antibiotypes among the isolated Salmonella spp. All tested isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline. tetA and tetB were detected in 100% and 47.1% of the isolates, respectively. Among the 10 isolates phenotypically found resistant to ciprofloxacin, six (60%) were found to be positive for qnrA gene. As far as we know, this is the first study from Bangladesh to report and describe the molecular detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. in houseflies in a fish market facility. The occurrence of a high level of MDR Salmonella in houseflies in the fish market is of great public health concerns.

scholarly journals Productivity, Cost-Benefit Analyses, Market Prices and Constraints to Poultry Farming in the Northern Districts of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Ashraful Kabir ◽  
Ripon Kumar Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Chicken Breed ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Capital Funding ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
The Government ◽  
Poultry Farming

A total of 6,41,004 chickens were produced by 10 farms, of which Cobb 500 (broilers) in P1 were the highest in number (2,43,000) and G1 yielded the lowest (10,117 Fayoumi, RIR and Sonali breeds). The most common chicken breed reared in the area was Cobb 500 (2,76,350) and the least common was ISA Brown (43,163). With regard to productivity, significant differences existed among the farms (F9, 103= 29.32; P<0.001), among the chicken breeds (F4, 108= 3.03; P<0.05), as well as between the government and private farms (F1, 111= 6.17; P<0.05). It was interesting to note that all the government farms were losing concerns (G2 > G3 = G4 > G1), while all the private farms were making profits (P1 > P3 > P2 > P6 > P4 = P5). The overall profitability index (PI) values of government farms ranged between -0.09 and -0.13, whereas those of private farms between 0.18 and 0.52. Cobb 500 was the commonest but the least profitable breed, and Sonali was the most popular and cheapest one; and the growers achieved the maximum profit from Fayoumi. High feed cost, outbreak of diseases, inadequate supply of vaccines/medicines, lack of credit facilities and capital funding were recognized to be the major constraints to the poultry farming in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v7i0.20117 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 21-27, 2012

A Reverse Transcriptase PCR Technique for the Detection and Viability Assessment of Kluyveromyces marxianus in Yoghurt

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2210-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA BELÉN MAYORAL ◽  
ROSARIO MARTÍN ◽  
PABLO E. HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
ISABEL GONZÁLEZ ◽  
TERESA GARCÍA
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viability Assessment ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Pcr ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
High Level

A fast and sensitive reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method was developed for the detection of viable Kluyveromyces marxianus in yoghurt. Yeast-specific primers were used with the RT-PCR to evaluate the suitability of 18S rRNA as a target for the detection of viable yeasts in pure culture and yoghurt. The RT-PCR assay was able to detect down to 102 CFU ml−1 in yoghurt samples contaminated with viable yeast cells. Application of the RT-PCR method to commercial yoghurt samples demonstrated the utility of this technique for detection of low concentrations of viable yeast cells in naturally contaminated dairy products. The 18S rRNA molecule is an appropriate target for cell viability assessment because of its limited persistence after cell death and the resultant high level of sensitivity of the assay.

Results of crossing the Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn Breeds of poultry

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
High Level ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Pure White

An account has been given of an experiment in cross-breeding carried out at the Northern Breeding Station of the National Poultry Institute at Rease-heath, Cheshire.The breeds used for crossing were the Rhode Island Red and the White Leghorn. Much care was taken to ensure that the birds were of good quality and were from outbred stocks.Fertility was at a high level of about 90 ―. It was significantly lower for White Leghorn × Rhode Island Red matings (88·3 ―) than for the pure White Leghorn matings (93·7 ―).Cross-mating had little effect on hatchability of fertile eggs. The fertile eggs from Rhode Island Red dams hatched better than those from White Leghorn dams. A suggestion is made that this may be associated with a difference of porosity in the eggs of the two breeds.

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