scholarly journals Cardiac enzymes activity and lactate concentration in the blood of sport horses at myocardial dystrophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
L. Slivinskа ◽  
I. Maksymovych ◽  
H. Tkachenko ◽  
A. Andriichuk ◽  
M. Leno
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells ◽  
Myocardial Dystrophy

The article presents the results of research on the activity of cardiac specific enzymes and the concentration of lactate in the blood of sport horses for myocardial dystrophy of physical activity. Materials for researches were horses, used in the classical forms of equestrian sport of Ukrainian riding (n = 20), Hanoverian (n = 15) and Westphalian (n = 15) breeds. The average age of horses was 8.4 ± 0.71 years (3.5–16.0 g.), weight – 479.4 ± 8.54 kg (350–605 kg). Studies were conducted immediately before and immediately after exercise. The duration of regular training of average intensity was 1 hour: step 5 min; roaring lynx 10 minutes; step 5 min; training lynx 10 minutes; step 10 min; gallop with a transition to a step of 10 minutes; step 10 min. Blood samples from horses were taken from a jugular vein in a test tube without an anticoagulant (10 ml; Vacutest, Italy) and an anticoagulant (EDTA-K, 2.0 ml; Sarstedt, Germany). Diseases of the heart muscle are accompanied by the release of substances released from damaged cardiomyocytes, in particular, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin. It has been established that the key to the pathogenesis of myocardial dystrophy in sport horses is the discrepancy between costs and energy recovery in the functioning structures of the heart muscle due to excessive cardiac load and significant increase in energy costs, as well as a disturbance in the balance of the electrolytes. Hyperlactatemia that occurs in horses during exercise causes changes in the permeability of cardiomyocytes and exit enzymes in the blood and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of myocardial dystrophy. Іn sporting horses, after activity in blood serum, activity of AST and LDH increases in blood serum, a tendency to increase activity of creatine kinase (CК) is observed. The cardiac isoenzyme CK (CK‒MB) was detected by a specific marker of myocardial dystrophy in sport horses, since its activity was likely to increase in the blood of all experimental groups of animals. A less specific marker of myocardial damage was the activity of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (LDH‒1) in the blood, since the probable difference was established only in the Westphalian horses. Investigating the activity of AST, CK and CK-MB in horses can serve for differential diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis syndrome and damage to heart muscle cells, in particular for myocardial dystrophy.

Creatinuria and Dynamics of Calcium Metabolism in Children in the Phase of Exacerbation of Bronchial Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Vitalii B. Kaliberdenko ◽  
Shanmugaraj Kulanthaivel ◽  
Michael V. Shterenshis ◽  
Olga Y. Poleshchuk ◽  
Kadri Mametov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Biological Medium ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Test Kit

: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common and severe diseases among children. The phenomenon of creatinuria (CU) in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) has been acknowledged for a relatively long time. Aims: The Aim of the research is to study the level of creatinuria, creatinemia, creatine kinase activity, and the concentration of calcium in biological medium (blood, saliva, urine) in children suffering from an intermittent and persistent form of asthma during the period of exacerbation. Material and methods:: The research consists of 102 children with asthma who were treated in inpatient department in Simferopol Clinic. The intermittent course of asthma was recorded in 49 children and a persistent course of asthma was recorded in 53 children. The subject of study was blood serum and daily urine of observed patients. The level of calcium in the biological medium was studied using the "Filisit" test kit (Dnipro) and the activity of the creatine kinase by test set "Lahma". The levels of creatine and creatinine were determined using a colorimetric method based on a color reaction with picric acid. Results and conclusion: : The analysis testifies that creatinuria in children with persistent BA is caused by the disorder of the phosphorylation process rather than the disorder of creatinin rephosphorylation synthesis, that is testified by the normal creatinine level. In children with persistent BA, there is а decrease of creatinine concentration in the blood serum and urine during the exacerbation period and early post exacerbation period. The low activity of creatinine kinase at the background of creatinine elimination is typical for the children in the phase of exacerbation of persistent form of BA, though its level remains to be sufficient for the synthesis of the necessary amount of creatinine phosphate. Conclusion: The processes of creatinuria and calciuria in children suffering from a persistent form of BA are interdependent, that is testified by the data of correlative analysis. In connection with this, it is possible to consider the change of calcium homeostasis in the pathogenesis of the disease as one of the causes of distributing the creatinine metabolism on the cellular level.

scholarly journals Repeated Administration of Clinically Relevant Doses of the Prescription Opioids Tramadol and Tapentadol Causes Lung, Cardiac, and Brain Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Joana Barbosa ◽  
Juliana Faria ◽  
Fernanda Garcez ◽  
Sandra Leal ◽  
Luís Pedro Afonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Tramadol and tapentadol, two structurally related synthetic opioid analgesics, are widely prescribed due to the enhanced therapeutic profiles resulting from the synergistic combination between μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activation and monoamine reuptake inhibition. However, the number of adverse reactions has been growing along with their increasing use and misuse. The potential toxicological mechanisms for these drugs are not completely understood, especially for tapentadol, owing to its shorter market history. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to comparatively assess the putative lung, cardiac, and brain cortex toxicological damage elicited by the repeated exposure to therapeutic doses of both prescription opioids. To this purpose, male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with single daily doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg tramadol or tapentadol, corresponding to a standard analgesic dose, an intermediate dose, and the maximum recommended daily dose, respectively, for 14 consecutive days. Such treatment was found to lead mainly to lipid peroxidation and inflammation in lung and brain cortex tissues, as shown through augmented thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as to increased serum inflammation biomarkers, such as C reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cardiomyocyte integrity was also shown to be affected, since both opioids incremented serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) activities, while tapentadol was associated with increased serum creatine kinase muscle brain (CK-MB) isoform activity. In turn, the analysis of metabolic parameters in brain cortex tissue revealed increased lactate concentration upon exposure to both drugs, as well as augmented LDH and creatine kinase (CK) activities following tapentadol treatment. In addition, pneumo- and cardiotoxicity biomarkers were quantified at the gene level, while neurotoxicity biomarkers were quantified both at the gene and protein levels; changes in their expression correlate with the oxidative stress, inflammatory, metabolic, and histopathological changes that were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining revealed several histopathological alterations, including alveolar collapse and destruction in lung sections, inflammatory infiltrates, altered cardiomyocytes and loss of striation in heart sections, degenerated neurons, and accumulation of glial and microglial cells in brain cortex sections. In turn, Masson’s trichrome staining confirmed fibrous tissue deposition in cardiac tissue. Taken as a whole, these results show that the repeated administration of both prescription opioids extends the dose range for which toxicological injury is observed to lower therapeutic doses. They also reinforce previous assumptions that tramadol and tapentadol are not devoid of toxicological risk even at clinical doses.

Unravelling the ultrastructural details of αT‐catenin‐deficient cell–cell contacts between heart muscle cells by the use of FIB‐SEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. VANSLEMBROUCK ◽  
A. KREMER ◽  
F. VAN ROY ◽  
S. LIPPENS ◽  
J. VAN HENGEL
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Contacts ◽  
Deficient Cell ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells ◽  
Cell Cell

Effect of pentobarbital on sodium permeability of heart muscle cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 1088-1091
Author(s):  
N. V. Dmitrieva ◽  
E. I. Shtresgeim ◽  
N. A. Burnashev ◽  
V. V. Chernokhvostov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Sodium Permeability ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells

New reaction for recognition of pregnancy and gender of the intrauterine fetus

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
V. Gruzdev
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Made In

Sellheim (Zentr. F. Gyn., 1925, no. 32) the trace describes this reaction, which he calls the Lttge-Mertz-Berger reaction: 1 cubic meter is poured into a test tube. sant. the blood serum of a woman in whom pregnancy is suspected, or the sex of the fetus of which they want to find out, then add here a certain amount (the amount of this S. does not indicate) extracts from the placenta or testicles, mixed with a solution of sodium chloride (in what proportion - S. also does not indicates, but only says that this extract can be obtained ready-made, in ampoules, from the Wolff company in Bielefeld).

scholarly journals CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MENTHA LONGIFOLIA AGAINST CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY IN RATS: A BIOCHEMICAL, ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayshath Afroos Shahana A.r. ◽  
Sanjiv Karale ◽  
Jagadish V. Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme ◽  
Mentha Longifolia

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current research was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective activity of <em>Mentha longifolia</em> (ML) leaf extract on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cardiotoxicity was induced in <em>Albino wistar</em> rats of either sex by administering a single injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i. p.) on the first day of the experimental period. <em>Mentha longifolia</em> (250 and 500 mg/kg, p. o.) was administered daily for 10 d immediately after administration of cyclophosphamide on the first day. The general observations such as oxidative marker enzyme assays, ECG and histopathology were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cyclophosphamide administration significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased the levels of antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Cyclophosphamide elevated the levels of biomarker enzymes like creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase isoenzyme NAC (CK-NAC) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Further, the cyclophosphamide-treated rats showed changes in electrocardiographic parameters. Treatment with <em>Mentha longifolia</em> significantly (p&lt;0.05) reversed the status of cardiac biomarkers, ECG and oxidative enzymes in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. Histopathological examination was also supported the potential cardioprotective effect of <em>Mentha longifolia</em> with reduced damage to the myocardium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The biochemical, ECG and histopathology reports support the potential benefits of <em>Mentha longifolia</em> against myocardial damage which could be attributed to antioxidant activity.</p>

Characteristics of active Na transport in intact cardiac cells

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. H189-H199 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Glitsch
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Na Pump ◽  
Na Efflux ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells ◽  
K Concentration

An active Na transport maintains the Na and K concentration gradients across the cell membrane of many cells and restores them following excitation. Heart muscle cells display frequent electrical discharges and thus the cardiac Na pump is of fundamental functional significance. Some methods for studying active Na transport are described. The active Na efflux from heart muscle cells is activated by an increase in the intracellular Na and the extracellular K concentration. The linkage between active Na efflux and active K influx varies widely according to the experimental conditions. The cardiac Na pump is electrogenic and can contribute directly to the membrane potential of the cells. The effects of active Na transport on contraction and intercellular coupling in myocardium are discussed.

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