scholarly journals Особливості локалізації лімфоїдної тканини в імунних утвореннях стінки кишечнику, дивертикулі меккеля і сліпокишкових дивертикулах качок

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (82) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
T.A. Mazurkevych ◽  
V.T. Khomych
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Meckel’S Diverticulum ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meckel's Diverticulum ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Meckel Diverticulum ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
The One

Mucous associated lymphoid tissue has a special place in the immune system, forming the first protective barrier against antigens that enter the body with food and air. In birds 70% of lymphoid tissue that forms the parenchyma of peripheral immune organs localized in the mucosa of tubular digestive organs. Recently, in the literature there have been reports that lymphoid tissue in tubular digestive organs of waterfowl (geese, musk ducks) can not be localized only in the mucosa, but also in muscularis. In this context, the aim of the study was to determine the features of lymphoid tissue localization in immune formations (Peyer’s patches) of the intestine wall of ducks, Meckel diverticulum and apical diverticula in postnatal period ontogenesis. Established that lymphoid tissue in Peyer’s patches of duck intestine, Meckel’s diverticulum and apical diverticula located in the mucosa and muscularis of the wall. From the one-day age of duck, the lymphoid tissue is found in the mucosa of all investigated structures and in the muscularis of the apical diverticula, and in the muscularis of Peyer’s patches of the intestine and the Meckel’s diverticulum – from 10–20-days of age.The complete morphofunctional maturity of the lymphoid tissue of mucosa Peyer's patches of intestine is reached in the 15 days-age of duck, the lymphoid tissue of the mucosa of the Meckel diverticulum – in 20-day age, and in the apical diverticula – in 10-day age. The complete morphofunctional maturity of the lymphoid tissue of muscularis Peyer's patches of intestine is reached in the 15–25 days-age of duck, the lymphoid tissue of the muscularis of the Meckel diverticulum – in 25-day age, and in the apical diverticula – in 10-day age.Area of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of duodenal and ileum Peyer’s patches increased to 210-day-old ducks and jejunum – to 150-day-old age. Lymphoid tissue occupies the largest area in 150-day ducks in the muscularis of these structures. Area of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of cecal Peyer’s patches increased to 90-day-old ducks, and in the muscularis – to 240-day-old age.Lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of Meckel’s diverticulum takes up the largest area in 20-day-old ducks, in apical diverticula – in 180-day-old. In the muscularis of these structures, lymphoid tissue occupies the largest area in 150-day ducks. 

scholarly journals Content and location of lymphocyte subpopulations with markers CD4+, CD8+ and CD20+ in the esophageal tonsil of chickens and the Meckel diverticulum of ducks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-402
Author(s):  
V. Т. Khomich ◽  
N. V. Dyshliuk ◽  
T. A. Mazurkevych ◽  
S. V. Guralskа ◽  
S. І. Usenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Meckel’S Diverticulum ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meckel's Diverticulum ◽  
Meckel Diverticulum ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Immune formations of birds' digestive organs, including the esophageal tonsil and Meckel’s diverticulum, protect the body from foreign antigens that enter the body with food and water and play an important role in maintaining the genetic constancy of its internal environment. This unique property of the immune system is formed during ontogenesis and is associated with maintaining the selection of lymphocyte clones that are able to respond to foreign antigens and carry out a specific immune response of two types: humoral and cellular. This article presents the results of a study of T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations of the esophageal tonsil of Shever 579 cross chickens at the age of 25, 180 and 300 days, the Meckel diverticulum of the Blagovarsky cross ducks at the age of 30, 150 and 180 days. Immunohistochemical and statistical research methods were used to determine the localization and quantitative parameters of cell populations of lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, CD20+) using monoclonal antibodies and the DAKO EnVision FLEX+ imaging system (Dako Cytomation, Denmark). Separate subpopulations of T-lymphocytes (CD4+ - helpers, CD8+ -cytotoxic / T-suppressors) and mature B-lymphocytes (CD20+) were found in the esophageal tonsil and Meckel diverticulum of birds. Their presence confirms that antigen-independent proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes into effector cells occur in the immune formations of the digestive system. The lymphoid tissue of these formations is represented mainly by a well-defined diffuse form and nodules with light centers (secondary). In the esophageal tonsil of chickens, these structures are located in the tunica mucosa and tela submucosa, and in the Meckel diverticulum of ducks – also in the tunica muscularis. The content of lymphocytes with these markers predominates in diffuse lymphoid tissue compared to that in secondary lymphoid nodules. In the diffuse lymphoid tissue of the esophageal tonsil, lymphocytes are located mainly near the adenomeres and excretory ducts of the esophageal glands, blood vessels, and under the surface epithelium, and in Meckel’s diverticulum – around the crypts, in their epithelium and in the epithelium of the villi. They are also found in the light centers of lymphoid nodules and on their periphery. The indices of the content of lymphocytes with the indicated markers in the esophageal tonsil and Meckel diverticulum which we determined were associated with age characteristics of the poultry in the postnatal period of ontogenesis. According to our observations, the content of CD20+ lymphocytes was the highest, while the populations of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were much smaller. This indicates an increase in the activity and predominance of the humoral immunity over the cellular one. The content of CD20+ lymphocytes was highest in birds at the age of 180 days, that is, during their sexual maturity. The data presented in the work can be used by morphologists researching the organs of the immune system, immunologists, poultry specialists involved in breeding, using and raising poultry and in educational work.

scholarly journals Whipple’s Disease Affecting Ileal Peyer’s Patches: The First Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sabah Sid’Amar ◽  
Giacomo Puppa
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
First Case

Whipple’s disease is a rare chronic systemic bacterial infectious disease which can affect multiple organs, with a wide clinical spectrum encompassing many symptoms presenting in various forms and combinations. In the cases where the gastrointestinal tract is implicated, the more frequent localizations involve the small bowel, especially the duodenum. A case of a 67-year-old man who underwent clinical investigation after presenting with a progressive weight loss and showing a hypercapting right paracoeliac adenopathy at PET-CT scan is reported herein. A gastroscopy and a colonoscopy were done. The biopsies of the endoscopically normal ileal mucosa encompassed some submucosal Peyer’s patches. Histological examination of this lymphoid tissue revealed several foamy macrophages which turned out positive on periodic acid-Schiff special staining. Polymerase chain reaction of the microdissected lymph follicles allowed for confirming Whipple’s disease diagnosis. A targeted antibiotic treatment administrated to the patient led to a rapid clinical improvement. This finding of a previously unreported localization of infected macrophages in Whipple’s disease suggests that sampling the organized mucosal-submucosal lymphoid tissue may increase the diagnostic yield in endoscopic biopsies.

Histochemical Studies on Post Natal Development of Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) of Intestine of Pati Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) of Assam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Deka ◽  
M. Talukdar ◽  
D.J. Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Strong Reaction ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Background: The Pati duck constitutes a major indigenous duck variety in the state of Assam. The study of the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of Pati duck of Assam is of great value in regard to normal academic and bio-medical research aspects. It is also pre-requisite for correct diagnosis and evaluating the treatment of certain diseases like duck virus enteritis, duck cholera, aflatoxicosis, botulism etc, caused by different types of pathogens, food poisoning and food allergy. Methods: The study was conducted on Pati duck of Assam in where 45 numbers of ducks were selected by irrespective of sex at different stages of development. The birds were divided into five groups depending on its age viz., 1st week, 4th week, 16th week, 24th week and 42nd weeks old. The pieces of gut having lymphoid tissue or Peyer’s patches were collected immediately after slaughter. Samples were made cryosections (-20oC) at 10µm in thickness and were temporally stored at (-22oC). The histochemical staining was done after that. Result: The acid phosphatase activity was weak in the lymphoid follicles of 1st and 4th week of age of Pati duck, while its activity was moderate in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age.The alkaline phosphatase activity was moderate reaction in the lymphoid follicles of 1st and 4th week of age of Pati duck, while its activity was intense in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age of duck. The lymphoid follicles of both Peyer’s patches and solitary lymphoid nodules were showed moderate activity for adenosine tri-phosphatase activity in 1st and 4th week old Pati duck and strong activity in 16th, 24th and 42th week of age of Pati duck, respectively. The lymphoid nodules of intestine showed strong reaction for non-specific esterase activity in all the age groups of Pati duck.

Functional zones of Peyer’s patch (PPs) in rabbits’ caecum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
M. O. Nikitina ◽  
M. V. Kravtsova ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Center ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

A feature of rabbit gut-associated lymphoid tissue is that its structure is more developed than in other animal species. In rabbits it is composed of sacculus rotundus, vermiform appendix and Peyer’s patches. These immune formations contain an organized component of lymphoid tissue – lymphoid nodules (B-cell zone) and interfollicular region (T-cell). Secondary lymphoid nodules with germinal centers presented in them are formed due to antigen stimulation. The caecum of Hyplus rabbits at the age of 30 -, 60 - and 90-days was investigated. Each age group consisted of 5 rabbits. Experimental rabbits are clinically healthy, unvaccinated and untreated against ecto- and endoparasites. Peyer’s patches of the caecum were selected for the study and fixed in 10% of formalin. Subsequently, the specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin were prepared from the obtained samples. On the 30th day of life, Peyer’s patches in the cecum were detected by gross examination. On the histological level, they had formed interfollicular region and lymphoid nodules. In turn, lymphoid nodules were divided into primary and secondary ones. A well-defined mantle zone and germinal centers were observed in the secondary lymphoid nodules. The regularities of their area indicators increase (mean value, median and interquartile range (IQR)) and their correlation were studied. The most intensive growth of the mantle area and the germinal center was observed from the 30th to the 60th day. The relative area of the mantle zone and the germinal center as part of the secondary lymphoid nodule was determined. Its value did not change during the experimental period.

T Cell Trafficking in Acute GVHD: In Vivo Bioluminescence Evaluation To Elucidate the Role of Different Lymphatic Organs.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 593-593
Author(s):  
Andreas Beilhack ◽  
Stephan Schulz ◽  
Jeanette Baker ◽  
Georg F. Beilhack ◽  
Courtney B. Wieland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Alloreactive T Cells ◽  
Donor T Cells ◽  
Specific Priming

Abstract To study the complex pathophysiology of aGvHD in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) we transplanted transgenic luciferase expressing T cell populations into lethally irradiated HCT recipients (murine MHC major mismatch model, H-2q into H-2d). Tracking of light emitting donor T cells in living animals and detailed studies by multi color immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) and FACS revealed the tight links of spatial and temporal evolution in this complex immune process. Donor derived T cells migrate to T cell areas in lymphoid tissues within a period of 12 hours. In the initial periods donor CD4+ T cells appear first with CD8+ T cell infiltration at later time points. Donor T cells start proliferating in lymphatic tissues on day 2 after transfer, as observed by BrdU stainings. Although alloreactive T cells are similarly activated in all lymphoid organs, they only up-regulate gut homing molecules after more than 5 cell divisions (CFSE proliferation analysis by FACS) in certain lymphoid organs (Peyer’s patches, mesenteric LN and spleen). Abruptly on day 4 after HCT, T cells migrate into intestinal sites. These findings strongly suggested, that specific priming sites are required for alloreactive T cells to induce a distinct type of tissue tropism in GvHD. In contrast to previous reports peformed without host conditioning, depletion of certain lymphoid organs (e.g. Peyer’s patches) before HCT or antibody blocking experiments did not control aGVHD. BLI showed, that anti-L-selectin or anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody treatment alone or in combination was effective in blocking donor T cell migration to lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches, while redirecting these cells to liver and spleen. Subsequently cells proliferated predominantly in the spleen until day 3 after HCT. Surprisingly we observed a full picture of gut infiltration on day 4 and skin involvement on day 5–6, similar in dynamics and strength to the aGvHD isotype control group. These findings demonstrated, that other lymphoid organs can functionally compensate for inducing gut and skin homing of alloreactive T cells. Of importance, we demonstrated that T cells that lacked homing molecules for secondary lymphoid organs had alloreactive properties in vitro, yet did not cause aGVHD in vivo. In summary, the activation of alloreactive T cells in specific sites throughout the body is complex and involves the acquisition of homing molecule expression. Transplantation of T cells with defined homing properties therefore, appears to be a promising alternative in conferring protective immunity early after HCT without the risk of aGvHD.

scholarly journals Two Distinct Pathways of B-Cell Development in Peyer’s Patches

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Griebel ◽  
Birgit Kugelberg ◽  
Giorgio Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment

The developmental biology of sheep ileal and jejunal Peyer’s patches (PP) was investigated using corticosteroids to deplete immature B lymphocytes. During a 7-day treatment with dexamethasone, ileal PP follicular (iPf)B-cell proliferation was arrested and most iPfB-cells died. This resulted in follicular involution with the survival of mesenchymal cells. No iPfB-cell proliferation was detected in follicular remnants for 4 weeks postdexamethasone treatment, and during a subsequent 3-month period, there was limited iPfB-cell proliferation that resulted in a partial regeneration of follicles. Ileal PP involution was also associated with a severe B lymphopenia that persisted for over 14 weeks and was characterized by the survival of primarily isotype-switched and CD5+sIgM+B-cells in blood. In contrast, the size of jejunal PP follicles was reduced following dexamethasone treatment, but intrafollicular B-cell proliferation was not arrested. Furthermore, within 4 weeks, the jejunal PP follicles had recovered in size and cellularity and there was no disruption in IgA plasma-cell production. Thus, dexamethasone selectively depleted iPfB-cells and revealed that the ileal and jejunal PPs contain functionally distinct B-cell populations. The partial regeneration of the iPfB-cell population indicated that either an intrafollicular, corticosteroid-resistant B-stem cell existed or that ileal PP follicles can be repopulated by circulating B-cells. Finally, the association between ileal PP involution and the absence of circulating, CD5-B-cells confirmed that this lymphoid tissue provides an essential environment for conventional sIgM+B-cell development.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Intestinal Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue in Experimental Trichinellosis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
O. B. Zhdanova ◽  
L. R. Mutoshvili ◽  
O. V. Rudneva ◽  
N. A. Makarova ◽  
L. A. Napisanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
And Control ◽  
Microscope Slides ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the research is studying intestinal mucosa-associated lymphadenoids (MALT) at trichinellosis. Materials and methods. The number of lymphoid nodules and Peyer’s patches was counted by grossing and microscope slides of intestinal specimen. We investigated their syntopy and morphological traits in Trichinella-infected and control animals. All morphological structures were described in accordance with anatomical, immunological and histological terminology. Results and discussion. The number of lymphoid nodules in the intestinal wall thickness increased by 1.63 times in the experimental group. The changes involved the syntopy of lymphoid tissue. There was an even distribution of lymphoid nodules being concentrated in some segments in the form of Peyer’s patches. The size of the grouped nodules in the experimental trichinellosis increased 1.31 times in the small intestine, and 1.26 times in the straight intestine. It was found that the MALTs were sensitive to the infection. Immunomorphological studies of the MALT should be considered in the development of safe complex drugs, immunostimulants or vaccines. Further, the condition of the MALT should be taken into account in the pathogenesis of trichinellosis along with classical methods such as parasitological (larvae or egg counts), immunological, immunohistochemical or other methods.

scholarly journals Meckel's diverticulum and the introduction of the intestines ''

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
X. I. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Meckel’S Diverticulum ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Meckel's Diverticulum ◽  
Intestinal Bleeding ◽  
Meckel Diverticulum

Meckel's diverticulum, according to various statistics, is found in cases of celiac disease in approximately 0.1-1.0% of patients. PN Yurovskaya observed 14 cases of Meckel diverticulum among 1126 patients who underwent laparotomy. During gluttony, the specified diverticulum comes across not only as an accidental find, but often turns out to be the cause of catastrophes in the abdominal cavity: intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, intestinal bleeding, etc. T. Bachinskaya and others).

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