scholarly journals Фазові етапи та структура кіл епізоотичної циркуляції збудника бешихи в умовах степової зони північного Причорномор'я

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
L.V. Perotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Population Increase ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Density Dynamics ◽  
High Level ◽  
Field Rodents ◽  
Factual Data ◽  
Flooded Areas

Erysipelas agent of swine is a typical bacterial agent of sapronosis nature which has successfully formed and steadily supports polyhostal antropurgic epicenters of mixed (naturally – synantropic) and farming type. Taking into consideration significant differences in the genesis, ethiology and structure of all these epicentres, realities of their arrangement, activity and specificity of functioning permanently come into contradiction concerning commonly known principles and regularity which are characteristic to most naturally epicentric zoonoses. The aim of our researches was to determine primary ecologically epizootic reasons that provide phase and stage changes of erysipelas local epicenters of activity (of antropurgic type). The main materials for analytical general conclusions that have been carried out were accumulated during the research of erysipelas epicenters of different ecotypes in 2009–2015. All factual data were subjected to standard statistical analysis with the help of software programme methods of «Statistica» block in the «Exel-2012» system. The generalized analysis results of density dynamics data of field rodents (without their species detailization) and the results of their bacteriological control deny the existence of the direct dependence in the system «rodents’ number – infection activity» showing more complicated (multifactorial) essence of natural regularity of spontaneous epizootic process of this infection. The enzooticity of intrazonal territories of flooded areas and river overflow lands where natural circles of erysipelas circulation is supported by the unified complex of natural ground conditions and narrow hostile reservoir – community of warm blooded hosts with ecologically, statially and etologically similar characteristics has been established. It has been found out that the main hosts field strains E.insidiosa can be considered to be a grey field mouse (without taxonomic detailization) and exantropic domestic mice. The largest amount of agent occurrences took place in autumn at a time when the number of the population is the highest (with the high level of the young). In spring the amounts of rodents’ population increase and the isolation amounts of the cultures E.insidiosa from them are noticeably less which is perhaps stipulated by the death of the ultimate mass of carriers in the winter period.

scholarly journals Long Term Interactions of Native and Invasive Species in a Marine Protected Area Suggest Complex Cascading Effects Challenging Conservation Outcomes

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Charalampos Dimitriadis ◽  
Ivoni Fournari-Konstantinidou ◽  
Laurent Sourbès ◽  
Drosos Koutsoubas ◽  
Stelios Katsanevakis
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
High Level

Understanding the interactions among invasive species, native species and marine protected areas (MPAs), and the long-term regime shifts in MPAs is receiving increased attention, since biological invasions can alter the structure and functioning of the protected ecosystems and challenge conservation efforts. Here we found evidence of marked modifications in the rocky reef associated biota in a Mediterranean MPA from 2009 to 2019 through visual census surveys, due to the presence of invasive species altering the structure of the ecosystem and triggering complex cascading effects on the long term. Low levels of the populations of native high-level predators were accompanied by the population increase and high performance of both native and invasive fish herbivores. Subsequently the overgrazing and habitat degradation resulted in cascading effects towards the diminishing of the native and invasive invertebrate grazers and omnivorous benthic species. Our study represents a good showcase of how invasive species can coexist or exclude native biota and at the same time regulate or out-compete other established invaders and native species.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RISIKO BENCANA TANAH LONGSOR DI KECAMATAN SUKASADA, KABUPATEN BULELENG

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
I Wayan Gede Eka Saputra ◽  
I.P.G. Ardhana ◽  
I Wayan Sandi Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Effort ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Risk

Sukasada Sub-District is a region that is largely a hilly area with steep slopes, rainfall intensity is high enough and unstable ground conditions. This leads that the Sub-District of Sukasada becomes potential for the occurrence of landslides. Mitigation effort is therefore necessary to reduce the risk of landslides that may occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of threats, vulnerabilities and capacities of level landslides in Sub-District of Sukasada. In addition to the above objectives, the study also aims to formulate strategies for disaster risk reduction of landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada. The results showed the threat of landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada is covering 11.169 hectares or 69,51% of the total area. High threat level area is around 727 hectares, the threat level is covering 7.717 hectares and a low threat level area is around 2.725 hectares. The level of vulnerability of landslides in Sub- District of Sukasada ranges from moderate to high. The highest vulnerability level (0.83) is located in some villages, such as: Pancasari, Pegayaman, Panji and Panji Anom Village. While the lowest level of vulnerability (0.66) is in Padangbulia Village. The level of local capacity to landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada is low, with the resistance area index of 40,25 or capacity level of 0,2349. The level of risk of landslides in the Sub-District of Sukasada is classified as moderate to high. Areas with moderate risk levels are covering 2.032 hectares and a high level of risk covering 7.171 hectares. Strategies that can be done to cope with disaster risk are to reduce the threat, reduce vulnerability and increase capacity. Areas with moderate risk level can be done non-structural mitigation. Structural mitigation can be done in areas with a high level of risk.

scholarly journals Nigeria’s Population Explosion and Its Underdevelopment Imperatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Adedokun Jonathan Olusegun ◽  
Gabrielfavour Eke
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
China And India ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
The People ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

This paper discussed the increasing danger of population explosion in Nigeria and its implication to available food supply and social infrastructures. The objective of the paper is to show that over population is the reason for high level of illiteracy, wide spread unemployment, poverty and violent crime. The study reveals that with the rate of population increase in Nigeria if nothing is done, time will come when it will result to environmental hazards, malnutrition and other infectious diseases. It observed that while other countries of the world like China and India with increasing rate of population like Nigeria are making serious efforts through Laws and legislation to combat this population increase. The Nigerian leaders are not putting any effort to fight this menace rather what is taking centre stage in Nigeria is this issue of corruption and embezzlement of government funds. The paper was of the opinion that this attitude of our leaders is what has resulted to unemployment armed robbery, kidnapping, underdevelopment and crises of killing and marginalization.  It concluded by suggesting a way forward which includes reduction in early marriages which leads to increase in child bearing, corruption and poverty. Finally, it recommended that the government should encourage the people to do away with outdated customs and traditions which make it possible for people lay more emphasis on male children to the extent that unless they have male children, they will not be satisfied.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3382455

scholarly journals Ecological plasticity of Echinococcus granulosus Batsch, 1786; Rud., 1801 eggs in the Mountainous Zone of Kabardino-Balkaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
S. Sh. Kabardiev ◽  
A. M. Bittirov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Terrestrial Mollusks

The purpose of the research is to study the ecological plasticity of the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus in the mountainous zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. Materials and methods. In the conditions of biotopes in the foothill zone, we set up experiments to determine the timing of development of the eggs of E. granulosus Batsch, 1786; Rud., 1801. The experiments were carried out using fresh eggs washed from the uterus of the indicated cestode. Egg samples in the amount of 10–15 thousand put on the experimental site monthly from March to November. For this, the eggs of E. granulosus were placed in glass jars, which were then placed on the biological site. To determine the viability of infective elements, samples of soil, water, faeces, hay, silage, and compound feed with parasite eggs were taken daily. In each case, 100 eggs from these samples were examined under a microscope. The possibility of overwintering E. granulosus eggs was studied in the mountainous zone. At the end of November, eggs of E. granulosus were added to samples of soil, water, faeces, hay, silage, and compound feed and left during the winter until March of the next year in the external environment. At the end of the winter period, these samples were examined by ovoscopy methods. The data were processed statistically. Results and discussion. It has been established that the timing of reaching the infective stage by E. granulosus eggs in dog feces samples is in direct proportion to the ambient temperature. In March, at an average air temperature of 3.2 ºС, helminth eggs reach the infective stage in 27 days, in June and August – 7–9 days. In autumn, with a decrease in temperature, the maturation of the eggs of the parasite slows down. In September (20.6 ºС), the maturation of eggs to the infective stage was noted in 12 days, in November (8.0 ºС) – in 21 days. 28.0; 22.6; 37.4; 81.6; 74.2 and 92.6% of E. granulosus eggs, respectively in samples of soil, water, faeces, hay, silage and compound feed, retained their viability during the winter. On the distant pastures of Kabardino-Balkaria at an altitude of 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 m above sea level, 3.2–7.6 times more E. granulosus eggs overwinter in the body of terrestrial mollusks than in the soil, which confirms the fact of their active mechanical participation in the contamination of pastures with infective elements and in the implementation of the epizootic process.

scholarly journals High level of serovar copenhageni detection in dog sera from Patrocínio, MG, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayana Larissa Lemos ◽  
Guilherme Nascimento Cunha ◽  
Jacqueline Ribeiro De Castro ◽  
Mariana Assunção De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Level ◽  
Purebred Dogs ◽  
Flooded Areas

T This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of canine leptospirosis and the possible risk factors associated with the disease in the municipality of Patrocínio, MG, Brazil. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out from July through August 2017.  The municipality was divided into four regions (north, south, east and west) and a predefined number of neighborhoods (25) were randomly sampled in each region. Samples of blood serum were collected from 241 domiciled male and female dogs of different breeds and ages. To investigate the risk factors for canine leptospirosis, the owners of the animals were asked to fill out an epidemiological questionnaire. The following factors were evaluated: breed, sex, age, presence of rodents, type of diet, access to the street, vaccination, presence of flooded areas, and educational level of the owners. Blood serum samples were evaluated by the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), using a collection of 24 live antigens. Of the 241 dogs evaluated, 32 (13.2%) were reactive. The most frequent serovars were: Copenhageni (37.5%) and Canicola (21.8%), followed by Icterohaemorrhagiae and Grippotyphosa (12.5%), Pomona, Tarassovi and Butembo (9.3%) and Hardjo (6.2%). The presence of canine leptospirosis was associated with purebred dogs (OR=0.3059 [95% CI: 0.1430 – 0.6547]) and vaccination (OR=2.581 [95% CI: 1.198 – 5.563]). It was concluded that some dogs in the municipality of Patrocínio, MG have anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and that the serovars most frequently identified were Copenhageni (37.5%) and Canicola (21.8%). Pure breeds and vaccination were factors associated with the prevalence of infection.  

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HIV INFECTION IN MODERN CONDITIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAMARA REGION)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
OV V Borisova ◽  
OV V Agafonova ◽  
EP P Eremenko ◽  
EV V Borodulina
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
High Level

High spread of HIV infection (more than 0,5% among the population) was registered in 26 regions of the Russian : Federation, where 41,5% of the country's population live. Aim - to estimate the dynamics of the spread of HIV infection in the region that used to be among the regions most affected by HIV-infection in the Russian Federation; to determine the state of HIV infection among women and children. Materials and methods. The official reporting data ; of the State Regional Clinical Hospital "Samara Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and : Infectious Diseases" were used. Results. As of 1 January 2017, Samara region is on the 13th place in terms of morbidity due to HIV (104.1 per 100 000 population). Increase in the birth rate of children born from HIV-infected mothers has been observed since 2002 (10,365 children were born in the Samara Region : since the beginning of the epidemic). The diagnosis of "HIV infection" was confirmed in 494 children. Conclusion. Characteristic features ofthe HIV epidemic in the Samara region are: the greatest prevalence of disease in the big cities of the region with further expansion into smaller towns and rural areas. There is the predominance of the sexual mode of transmission at present time. Evolution of the infection is manifested by an increase in the number of infected women, which account for about 40,0% of HIV cases. The rate of detectable HIV infection in pregnant women is growing at a consistently high level, and the proportion of births among HIV-infected pregnant women is increasing. The total cumulative percentage of perinatal HIV infection was 4,8% (0.8% - in 2016).

Numerical Prediction of Scouring Depth Around Foundations of Offshore Structures

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongwoo Hwang ◽  
Ja-Hoon Lee ◽  
Yong-Sik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Scouring Depth ◽  
Foundation Pile ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
High Level

The pile foundations of offshore structures are vulnerable to local ground loss by scouring. The vortex flow affected by the flow conditions, ground conditions, and the shape of the pile is the main cause of scouring. The decrease of an embedded depth of foundation pile by scouring may lead to an excessive displacement of the structure and a decrease of the bearing power, leading to a collapse of the offshore structure. In this work, a three-dimensional commercial code named STAR-CCM+ has been employed to predict the final depth of the scouring-hole around the foundation of offshore structures. Assuming the bed as a fluid having a high level of dynamic viscosity and density, the prediction has been accomplished by using the multi-phase flow model. The model solves the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, and standard k-ε turbulence model to estimate the depth of the scouring-hole. To guarantee the reliability of the model, the results of the numerical model have been compared with available laboratory measurements. A reasonable agreement has been observed.

591. The outdoor rearing of calves on grass with special reference to growth rate and grazing behaviour

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
K. W. G. Shillam ◽  
June Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
High Level

1. Five Dairy Shorthorn male calves born in February and March 1953 and three groups of four born in each of the months February, March and April 1954 were placed out of doors on permanent pasture at birth.2. Each calf received 6 or 8 pt. colostrum followed by approximately 45 gal. whole milk during the first 8 weeks of life, and thereafter, except for a small amount of dried grass given in Exp. 1, pasture grass comprised the sole item of diet until 6 months of age.3. Mean growth rates for each month of life and from birth to 6 months are presented. After the first month of life, good progress was made, and it is considered that the live weights at 6 months of age are similar to those obtained with conventional methods of rearing.4. There was a significant effect of birth weight on live-weight gain. After adjustment for birth weight, there were no significant differences in live-weight gain between February, March and April-born groups of calves.5. Weather conditions seemed to have little effect on the incidence of scouring during the first 3 weeks of life.6. On leys, greater weight gains were obtained than on permanent pasture.7. No lungworm larvae were detected in faeces samples examined. In many cases there was a high level of infestation with stomach and intestinal worms as indicated by the number of trichostrongyle eggs/g. faeces. Some aspects of this infestation are discussed.8. Satisfactory growth to 18 months of age was obtained with silage during the 6-month winter period and at grass during the following spring and summer.9. Details of behaviour of the five calves in Exp. 1 studied at approximately monthly intervals to 6 months of age are presented.

scholarly journals H. pyloriVirulence Factors: Influence on Immune System and Pathology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Kalali ◽  
Raquel Mejías-Luque ◽  
Anahita Javaheri ◽  
Markus Gerhard
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Hygiene Hypothesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Physiology ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Socioeconomic Issues ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
High Level

Helicobacter pyloriis the most widespread chronic bacterial agent in humans and is well recognized for its association with ulcer disease and gastric cancer, with both representing major global health and socioeconomic issues. Given the high level of adaptation and the coevolution of this bacterium with its human host, a thorough and multidirectional view of the specific microbiological characteristics of this infection as well as the host physiology is needed in order to develop novel means of prevention of therapy. This review aims to pinpoint some of these potentially important angles, which have to be considered mutually when studyingH. pylori’s pathogenicity. The host’s biological changes due to the virulence factors are a valuable pillar ofH. pyloriresearch as are the mechanisms by which bacteria provoke these changes. In this context, necessary adhesion molecules and significant virulence factors ofH. pyloriare discussed. Moreover, metabolism of the bacteria, one of the most important aspects for a better understanding of bacterial physiology and consequently possible therapeutic and prophylactic strategies, is addressed. On the other hand, we discuss the recent experimental proofs of the “hygiene hypothesis” in correlation withHelicobacter’s infection, which adds another aspect of complexity to this infection.

scholarly journals Analysis of interrelation between level of mobility and transport expenses of population

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transport Mobility

Passenger transport is a basis in the transport system of any country. The task of transport is to provide an opportunity for every person to reach any point of our planet, not only safely, comfortably and quickly, but with little expenses. Aim: the arm of this study is to evaluate dynamics and share of transport expenses in population of the Russian Federation, and to study interrelation between figure of transport expenses of population and its transport mobility, and passenger transport fares. Methods: to achieve the set aim, such common scientific methods as observation, analysis, generalization, and analogy were used. Results: it is noted that transport expenses of the population increase at a slower pace than consumer spending. When considering the factors affecting the transportation costs of the population, it was determined that against the background of decreasing volumes of passenger traffic there is an increase in transportation tariffs. When comparing the indices of passenger tariffs and the consumer price index, a rapid increase in the cost of passenger traffic compared to prices for consumer goods was noted, which makes transport services less accessible to the public. Conclusion: The accelerating pace of life and economic realities today pose to transport companies certain tasks to ensure high speeds. High-speed ground transportation is coming to the fore, one of the types of which is a magnetic-vehicle transport, which, in addition to high speed, has certain advantages, such as safety, comfort, energy efficiency and high throughput. The development of new high-speed modes of transport, including a magnetic-casting, will ensure a high level of transport mobility and, accordingly, the country's economic development.

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