scholarly journals CLINICAL SIGNS IN DIAGNOSTIC OF CIRCOVIRUS INFECTION IN PIGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
O. Novitska
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
High Price ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis

Clinical signs the disease associated with porcine circovirus (PCVAD) imitate many other diseases (classical swine fever, transmissible gastroenteritis, porcine parvovirus, pseudo rabies (Aujeszky’s disease), leptospirosis et al.), which complicates diagnosis of the disease in the early stages of infection among livestock. Late diagnosis, lack of treatment and high price vaccines contribute to the formation of stationary fire PCVD. Therefore, the preliminary diagnosis based on clinical signs and pathological changes in animals suffering from PCV2, is the primary in fight PCVD. According the notification of clinical and pathological signs PCVD we examined the number of pigs on the farm that specializes in young animals received and fattening. Farms specialists concerned about the low increase of body weight, but they did not think of circovirus infection of pigs. We divided all pigs in to three groups. The first group – adult sows, the second group – pigs 0 – 28 days old, the third group – pigs between 35 – 180 days old. All animals were clinically examined. Animals of the first group did not have clinical signs specific to PCVD. Animals of the second group were characterized with heterogeneity of group, weight of piglets at birth ranged from 0.9 to 1.3 kg. Animals were behind in growth, development, mortality ranged from 10%. Diarrhea and cough were not detected. The third group of animals was characterized with strong heterogeneity of herds and low growth. Testing revealed a lag in growth and development, depression, palemucous membranes, increasing the inguinal, submaxillary, retropharyngeal lymphnodes. Autopsy revealed: fibrinous pleuropneumonia, myocarditis, filling with blood of spleen and liver, enlarged kidneys, increased all the lymph nodes, especially in guinal and ripples. Signs of generalized staph infection were recorded with one pig. Using PCR analysis confirmed PCV2. 

Has respiratory cryptosporidiosis spread to black grouseTetrao tetrix?

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (20) ◽  
pp. 540-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Parsons ◽  
Philip Warren ◽  
James Paul Duff ◽  
David Baines
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Black Grouse ◽  
Red Grouse ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Cryptosporidium Baileyi

Infection byCryptosporidium baileyiwas first confirmed in red grouse in northern England in 2010 and within three years spread to 48 per cent of moors. These form the last English stronghold for the rarer black grouse, and given the rapid spread of respiratory cryptosporidiosis among red grouse, concern has been expressed about possible infection. In 2010, the authors started screening black grouse for cryptosporidiosis in (1) dead birds taken for postmortem examination, (2) sample birds caught at night and (3) an observational study of birds attending leks. Between 2011 and 2016, five males were sent for postmortem examination, of which three had suspected cryptosporidiosis. No disease was found in one; the second had extensive, subacute to chronic sinusitis; and the third had severe sinusitis and unilateral conjunctivitis. PCR analysis detected cryptosporidial DNA in the third bird only; however, the parasite was not seen in stained preparations or on histopathology. No cryptosporidiosis clinical signs were observed in 69 birds caught at night or in 170 birds attending leks. The authors have no conclusive evidence that cryptosporidiosis is causing sinusitis in black grouse. However, a single positive cryptosporidia PCR result from an affected bird does raise the possibility that they may be infected with the parasite.

Distribution of porcine circovirus 2 cap antigen in the lymphoid tissue of pigs affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Becskei ◽  
Sanja Aleksić-Kovačević ◽  
Miklós Rusvai ◽  
Gyula Balka ◽  
Csaba Jakab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Lymphatic Tissue ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

The lymphatic organs of 50 pigs from a total of eight farms located at different sites in the epizootiological region of North Bačka County were studied to obtain data on the prevalence of circoviral infections in Serbia. All of the pigs examined had clinical signs suggestive of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). All pigs underwent necropsy and tissue samples were taken for histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and PCR analysis. The presence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was established by PCR analysis in the organs of the pigs tested. The most frequent histopathological lesions of lymphoid tissue linked with the presence of positive immunostaining for PCV2 Cap antigen confirmed the existence of PMWS in all farms tested in North Bačka County. Using PCR, histopathological and IHC techniques, the presence of PMWS was proved in the Republic of Serbia. During necropsy, generalised enlargement of the lymph nodes was evident. The most common histopathological finding was lymphocyte depletion in the follicular and perifollicular areas of lymph nodes. Infiltration by macrophages was also recorded. By IHC analysis, the cytoplasm of macrophages was shown to contain a large amount of the ORF2-coded Cap antigen of PCV2. Lymphocyte depletion and large numbers of macrophages were recorded in the tonsils, spleen, intestinal lymphatic tissue, Peyer’s patches and ileocaecal valve. The presence of typical granulomatous lesions with multinuclear giant cells (MGCs) was also recorded in the lymphatic tissue. Cap antigen was shown to be present in macrophages and less often in lymphocytes.

Studies on ascaridoid nematodes in pythons: the life history and development of Polydelphis anoura in Australian pythons

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. A. Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Growth Development

SUMMARYP. anoura was found in 55 % of pythons (M. spilotes variegatus) in Brisbane. Eggs contained first stage larvae after 8 days development; the first moult was completed by 10 days; the eggs were infective after 14 days. After ingestion by tadpoles, the larvae hatched from the eggs and migrated into the tissues but did not show any growth. In mice and rats the larvae migrated mainly to the liver, lungs and intestinal wall, where growth occurred to a length of 5–6 mm by 6 months after infection. The second moult was not observed, but the larvae were infective to pythons after 39–42 days development. From their structure it was assumed that after this time the larvae in mouse tissues were third-stage larvae.Various species of Australian python, Morelia spilotes, Liasis amethistinus, L. fuscus and L. childreni, were experimentally infected with larvae of Polydelphis anoura by feeding nodules from the wall of the small intestine of experimentally infected mice and rats. The third moult occurred in the stomach within 14 days, moulting larvae at this stage measured between 3.5 and 7.0 mm long. Fourth-stage larvae occurred in all python species, the smallest being 4 mm. Growth and development of the fourth stage occurred at first in the oesophagus and stomach. Up to 2 months after infection, larvae had not grown more than 12 mm, yet they were clearly differentiated into males and females. In mouse-infected M. spilotes growth to 20 mm was reached by 154 days, but it was not until 183 days that adults were observed.Comparison with adult specimens from P. reticulatus from Malaya confirmed the previous observation that Australian male specimens have relatively shorter spicules than male specimens from other geographical regions. Growth, development and location of larvae in mice, experimentally infected with eggs from Australian and Malayan specimens, appeared to be the same.

PENERAPAN PERSEPSI ORANGTUA DALAM MEMENUHI HAK PARTISIPASI ANAK USIA 9-12 TAHUN DI DESA BENA AMANUBAN SELATAN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Lodiana Nitti ◽  
Friandry Windisany Thoomaszen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Parental Perception ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Participation Rights ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Parental perception will affect the fulfillment of children’s participation rights. Fullfilment of children’s participation rights will be fulfilled optimally if parents pay anttention to opinions while providing opportunities for children to make and make decisions about the child’s goals and self-interest. The subjects studied consisted of 5 subjects consisting of father and mother who had children aged 9- 12 years. This study uses qualitative research methods, with data retrieval tools in teh form of interviews, observation and documentation. From the research found data were the subjects do not fulfill the right of participation of children up to the maximum ladder where children’s participation rights range from the first ladder to the third ladder. The first ladder to the third ladder is actually a non- participating ladder. This means that children is manipulated, dominated by parents, there is direct communation and the severity of the parent. The children felt disappointed, sad, and angry with the parents but they still tried to hear and obey the parent’s decision. Children from third and fourth subjects experienced excessive fear to speak to their parent (father). Suggestions for parents to be more caring and fulfill the rights of children’s participation so as not to affect the growth and development of children. Keywords: participation rights, children, parents

Survival of classic swine fever virus in hams made from the meat of pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and unvaccinated pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-551
Author(s):  
Heidi Amezcua Hempel ◽  
María Salud Rubio Lozano ◽  
Eliseo Manuel Hernández Baumgarten ◽  
Pablo Correa Girón † ◽  
Oscar Torres Ángeles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The study was to determine the presence of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv), in the meat of vaccinated pigs with the PAV-250 strain and then challenged using the same strain. Five treatment groups were established (each with four pigs). Group A: Pigs thatwere fed with processed hams from negative animals; Group B: Pigs that were fed with processed hams from commercial pigs inoculated with the ALD (reference strain) (titre of 104.0/ml); Group C: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs infected with the virulent ALD strain (titre of 102.5/ml); Group D: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (titre of 101.1/ml); and Group E: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with two doses of the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (negative). Blood samples were taken at d 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 for biometric analysis. Groups B, C and D manifested clinical signs of CSFv: 40 °C temperature, anorexia, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, hirsute hair and cyanosis. Pigs were slaughtered and necropsies performed to identify lesions in tissues. Results of direct immunofluorescence testing of tissues were positive and the virus was recovered. Under these study conditions, it was found that CSFv resisted the cooking method at 68 °C for 40 min in hams from unvaccinated pigs, and that the virus was able to transmit the disease to healthy unvaccinated pigs, whereas the hams from the vaccinated animals did not transmit the virus.

scholarly journals Porcine Gammaherpesviruses in Italian Commercial Swine Population: Frequent but Harmless

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Michele Drigo ◽  
Matteo Legnardi ◽  
Laura Grassi ◽  
Maria Luisa Menandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Swine Population ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Differently from alpha- and betaherpesviruses affecting swine, interest in the recently discovered Suid gammaherpesvirus 3, Suid gammaherpesvirus 4, and Suid gammaherpesvirus 5, also known as porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, and PLHV-3), has largely focused on their role as potential zoonotic agents in cases of xenotransplantation. However, their role as primary pathogens of swine or as co-factors for other lymphotropic infections has essentially been neglected. The present study aims at filling this gap, evaluating the association between PLHVs infection and different clinical conditions and/or porcine circovirus (PCV) co-infection. One hundred seventy-six samples were obtained from different animals located in a high-density pig area of Northern Italy in the period 2017–2020. The presence of PLHVs and PCVs was tested and quantified by specific real-time PCR: PLHVs were widespread among pigs (PLHV-1, PLHV-2, and PLHV-3 prevalence was 28.97%, 10.79%, and 4.54%, respectively) and detected in all considered tissues and clinical conditions. Frequent co-infections were also observed among PLHVs and with PCVs, although a significant association was not detected with the exception of a positive interaction between PLHV-1 and PLHV-3, and a negative one between PLHV-2 and PCV-2. Significantly, no association between PLHVs, alone or in co-infection, emerged with any of the considered clinical signs, their frequency being comparable between healthy and diseased animals. Based on these pieces of evidence and despite their high prevalence, PLHVs’ relevance for the swine industry appears negligible, either as primary pathogens or as predisposing factors for circovirus-induced diseases.

scholarly journals A clinical staging proposal of the disease course over time in non-severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiting Lin ◽  
Yiqun Wu ◽  
Ping Zhong ◽  
Bingbo Hou ◽  
Jielan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Convalescent Phase ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Remission Phase ◽  
Over Time

AbstractInformation on the clinical staging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited. This study aimed to propose a clinical staging proposal of the disease course in non-severe patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective study, 108 non-severe patients with COVID-19 were grouped according to the duration from symptoms onset to hospital admission: ≤ 1 week, > 1 to 2 weeks, > 2 to 3 weeks, > 3 to 5 weeks, respectively. The dynamic changes of clinical signs were profiled across the four groups. A clinical staging proposal of the disease course over time was proposed from the perspective of the interaction between the virus and host. The prodromal phase, characterized by pneumonia, significant lymphopenia, and slightly elevated inflammatory markers, occurred in the first week after symptoms onset. In the second week, all the hematological and inflammatory markers were at the peak or bottom. Meanwhile, progressive pneumonia as well as the secondary damage of other organs (e.g. cardiac damage, coagulopathy, etc.) was significant during this period, making the disease progress into the apparent manifestation phase. In the third week, the improvement of the majority of clinical signs accompanied by a relatively high degree of inflammatory response defined the remission phase. After 3 weeks, patients were in the convalescent phase, in which all the indicators were maintained at a relatively normal level. We concluded that the disease course over time in non-severe patients with COVID-19 could be divided into four phases: the prodromal phase (in the first week), the apparent manifestation phase (in the second week), the remission phase (in the third week), and the convalescent phase (after 3 weeks), respectively. In clinical practice, tailored therapies should be considered seriously in different stages of the disease course.

scholarly journals Reinfection as a cause of complications and relapses in scarlet fever wards

1937 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Allison ◽  
W. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
Fever Patient ◽  
The Third ◽  
Serological Type ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

1. The term “reinfection” has been defined as the secondary infection of a scarlet fever patient during hospitalization withStr. pyogenesbelonging to a serologically different type from that producing the primary infection.2. Of forty-seven scarlet fever patients nursed in a multiple-bed ward and swabbed twice weekly during their period of isolation, thirty-three (70.2 per cent) became reinfected with a serological type ofStr. pyogenesdifferent from that causing the primary disease.3. In fifteen out of the thirty-three patients reinfected, the reinfection was “latent”, i.e. gave rise to no clinical signs, while in the remaining eighteen the reinfection was “manifest”, i.e. was accompanied by clinical signs or complications.4. Patients nursed in cubicles or in a ward confined to infections with a single serological type did not show reinfection; their convalescence was progressive and there were no late complications.5. The majority of complications occurring during the third week of hospitalization and subsequently, in multiple-bed wards devoted to scarlet fever, are due to reinfection.6. Most reinfections occur during the third week in hospital at a time when patients are as a rule convalescent from their primary infection.7. The most frequent mode of transmission of reinfection appears to be by direct contact of patient with patient.8. Ten instances of “relapse” in scarlet fever (only three in the present series) are quoted; in all of them the patients were nursed in multiple-bed wards. In each instance the “relapse” coincided with the isolation of a fresh serological type ofStr. pyogenesfrom the throat, and must therefore be regarded as a second attack of scarlet fever.9. The various systems of nursing patients in isolation hospitals are discussed and it is suggested that scarlet fever patients should be cubicle-nursed if possible. Failing this they should be nursed by the bed-isolation method in multiple-bed wards. By setting aside small wards it might be possible to keep together patients who are all infected by the same serological type ofStr. pyogenes; the number of such wards would vary with the number (usually three or four) of epidemic types current at the time.

Horner’s syndrome in dogs and cats – a review

2019 ◽  
Vol XXIV (138) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Laís Limeira Rodrigues ◽  
Leonardo Pereira Mesquita ◽  
Denis Alberto Zanatto ◽  
Paulo César Maiorka
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Horner’S Syndrome ◽  
Horner's Syndrome ◽  
The Third

In dogs and cats, Horner's syndrome is characterized by a group of clinical signs arising from an ipsilateral dysfunction of sympathetic innervation of the eye and its appendages. These signs include ptosis, miosis, anisocoria, prolapse of the third eyelid, and enophtalmos. Lesions that may affect directly or indirectly the sympathetic innervation of the eye, such as trauma, neoplasms, iatrogenic lesions, otitis, encephalitis, among others, can induce HS. The aim of the present study was to review the anatomical and physiological characteristics of sympathetic innervation for the ocular globe, with emphasis on the description of the peculiarities of HS, including its etiology, clinical signs, diagnostic tools, as well as its possible treatments and prognosis.

scholarly journals Nitrate and nitrite poisoning in sheep and goats caused by ingestion of Portulaca oleracea

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1549-1553
Author(s):  
João G. Simões ◽  
Rosane Maria T. Medeiros ◽  
Márcia A. Medeiros ◽  
Robério G. Olinda ◽  
Antônio Flávio M. Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Positive Results

ABSTRACT: Three outbreaks of poisoning by Portulaca oleracea were reported in sheep and goats in Northeast Brazil. In the first outbreak, 8 out of 20 sheep were affected and later died. In the second outbreak, three goats and one sheep died out of a flock of 30 animals that included both species. In the third outbreak, two out of 19 sheep were affected, and they recovered after a treatment of 2% methylene blue at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight. In the first and second outbreaks, the animals ingested P. oleracea after it was cut and offered in feeders. In the third outbreak, the flock was grazing in an area that had been invaded by the plant. To determine the toxicity, P. oleracea was administered experimentally at a dose of 80g/kg of body weight to seven sheep, weighing 19-30 kg. One control sheep received green grass. One to four hours after P. oleracea ingestion, the animals showed clinical signs of poisoning characterized by cyanotic mucous membranes, bloat, ruminal pH of 8-9, pollakiuria, aerophagia, involuntary movements of the upper lip, apathy, tachypnea and tachycardia. Five animals recovered, including one that was treated with 1% methylene blue, and two animals died. During necropsy, the mucous membranes were brownish, and the blood was dark brown. Diphenylamine tests of the plant and of rumen contents were positive for nitrates. Positive results for nitrates were also found in 24 samples of P. oleracea that were collected in different places in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba. We conclude that P. oleracea accumulates nitrates at toxic levels and may cause poisoning in sheep and goats.

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