scholarly journals ПОКАЗНИКИ ЛІПІДНОГО ОБМІНУ У КОРІВ ЗА РІЗНИХ ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИХ СТАНІВ ТА ПЕРІОДІВ УТРИМАННЯ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
M.R. Simonov ◽  
V.V. Vlizlo ◽  
V.I. Butsyak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
The One

The aim of this research was to study the lipid metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows during different physiological states and maintenance periods. Study was conducted on two groups of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The first group was formed in the winter stall-feeding period, the second one during the grazing period. Blood samples were taken four times: the first during dry period, the second, third and fourth were withdrawn at the beginning, on the peak and at the end of lactation period. Results showed increased lipomobilization activity after calving caused on the one hand by growing requirements in metabolites for milk synthesis and on the other hand by inadequate dietary supply with metabolic energy. Highly significant increase of the content of triacylglycerols, total and esterified cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids in blood of dairy cows was revealed. On the peak and at the end of lactation the level of indicated substances in blood gradually decreased. Influence of the period of the animals maintenance on lipid metabolism was established. For instance, after calving and on the peak of lactation serum levels of triacylglycerols, esterifies cholesterol and non-estherified fatty acids were significantly higher in comparison with such under the same physiological states but during grazing period of maintenance. 

Effects of protected vegetable fats on rumen metabolism and productivity dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
A. V. Golovin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Feed Costs

In a scientific economic experiment conducted in the experimental farm «Klenovo-Chegodaevo» (Moscow) on three groups of Holsteinized black-and-white cows with a milk yield of 7000 kg of milk per lactation, 10 heads in each, it was found that the inclusion in the diet of cows of the experimental groups tested protected fats (hydrogenated and fractionated) in the amount of 300 g per head per day, contributed to the tendency for more intensive metabolic processes in the rumen due to a slight increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids by 5,6–7,4% and an increase in the mass of microorganisms in the contents of the rumen by 5,4–14,4% (P≥0,05). At the same time, an increase in the concentration of metabolic energy in the dry matter of the cows ration from 10,7 to 11,0 MJ / kg in the period from 21 to 120 days of lactation, due to the inclusion of protected fats in the diet of cows from the experimental groups, contributed to an increase in milk yield 4% fat content for 100 days of the experiment by 9,7% and 11,0% (P≤0,05), compared with the control, as well as the production of milk fat and protein, respectively by 9,6–11,0% (P≤0,05 in the second case) and 7,4–8,3%, feed costs expressed in ME decreased by 4,9–5,2%.

scholarly journals THE ESTIMATION OF THE ECONOMIC USE AND LIFETIME PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED DEPENDING ON THE REASONS OF THEIR DISPOSAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Shulyar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Reproductive Capability ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

An important selection peculiarity of dairy cows is their productive longevity. Besides, the indicators of cow productivity along with genetic potential are the most important criteria of the economic efficiency of their use. Low or not sufficient level of lifetime productivity indicators and of the period of the economic use of cows determine the necessity of monitoring of the selection information according to these indicators in the breed herds as well as the of using corresponding selection methods for their improvement. The goal of our research was the estimation of an economic use of lifetime cow productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed depending on the reasons of their disposal from the herd and genotype. The research was conducted at a private agrarian firm (PAF) «Yerchyky» Zhytomyr oblast according to the data of breeding and productive use of 497 cows which were disposed from the herd on different reasons. The reasons for the cow disposal were determined according to the veterinary disposal acts. The indicators of cow economic use and lifetime productivity were determined on the ground of the term of rearing, life duration, term of economic use, amount of lactations, the total duration of lactation period, milk yields, milk yield per one lactation day, per life, and per economic use. Statistical processing was performed by means of Microsoft Excel software kit using the methods of variation statistics. As follows from the results of the research, in the process of holsteinization the dynamics of the parameters of the economic use of cows is characterized by curvilineal type: as follows from the heterotic effect they increased in animals with an conditional share of genetic heredity of Holstein breed from 50 and 62.5 to 75%, and then when the genetic heredity share of the improved breed increased by more than 75% they got worse due to the contradiction “genotype-environment”. At the same time within the determined genotypes (1st group-up to 50%, 5th group-87.6–100%) the indicators of lifetime productivity increase in case of 66% of reliable results. Besides, the interconnection level of the indices of lifetime use of the dairy cows of different genotypes has been studied. The criteria of the significance of the correlation coefficients according to Student has been used. The closer the linkage, the higher the correlation coefficients and the higher the criteria of their reliability. Generalized criteria of reliability on the grounds of all indicators of lifetime use was the lowest in cows of the 1st and 2nd groups, and the highest in cows of the 3rd group with further decrease in high half-bred cows and pure-breed cows of the 4th and 5th groups. It testifies to the fact that there is a close interconnection between given parameters and real milk yields in 3rd group cows (62.6–75.0% of the improved Holstein breed). At present, the reason of the shortening of the period of economic use is an early disposal of cows from the herd. A greater part of milking cows is disposed in the most productive period or even before it. At the given enterprise, a vast majority of holsteinized cows (77.5%) was disposed from the herd on four main reasons: unsatisfactory reproductive capability (32.2%), limbs diseases (22.3%), postpartal complications (13.9%) and low productivity (9.1%). The other reasons for cow disposal were within 1.6–7.0% (totaled up 22.5%) as to the total number of cow population that were disposed of the herd. It should be mentioned that the disposal caused by low productivity was only in the first calvers of the 1st and 2nd groups, in which the conditional share of genetic heredity of a Holstein breed did not exceed 62.5%. The parameters of the economic use and of lifetime productivity of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows of different genotypes which were disposed of the herd because of their unsatisfactory reproductive capability, limbs diseases, postpartal complications and low milking productivity have been also analyzed. It has been determined that the indicated reasons for the disposal had different effects on the parameters of an economic use and on cow productivity. Because of any of four indicated reasons for cow disposal of the herd under condition of in-barn keeping and optimal feeding the preference on lifetime productivity belongs to the cows of the 4th and 5th groups (with a conditional share of Holstein heredity of more than 75%) with simultaneous worsening of the indicators of economic use. As a third part of cows at this enterprise was disposed of the herd ahead of time on the reason of unsatisfactory reproductive capability, that results in breeding value and in the results of the economic use of cows, the updating of the technology of artificial animal insemination and renewal will promote to solving the problem.

scholarly journals Dietary DHA/EPA Ratio Changes Fatty Acid Composition and Attenuates Diet-Induced Accumulation of Lipid in the Liver of ApoE−/− Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Liu ◽  
Qinling Hu ◽  
Huihui Wu ◽  
Xiujing Wang ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Fa Composition

Diets containing various docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratios protect against liver damage in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). However, it is unclear whether these beneficial roles of DHA and EPA are associated with alterations of fatty acid (FA) composition in the liver. This study evaluated the positive impacts of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) containing different DHA/EPA ratios on HFD-induced liver disease and alterations of the hepatic FA composition. ApoE−/− mice were fed with HFDs with various ratios of DHA/EPA (2 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1 : 2) and an n-6/n-3 ratio of 4 : 1 for 12 weeks. After treatment, the serum and hepatic FA compositions, serum biochemical parameters, liver injury, and hepatic lipid metabolism-related gene expression were determined. Our results demonstrated that dietary DHA/EPA changed serum and hepatic FA composition by increasing contents of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs and decreasing amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and the n-6/n-3 ratio. Among the three DHA/EPA groups, the DHA/EPA 2 : 1 group tended to raise n-3 PUFAs concentration and lower the n-6/n-3 ratio in the liver, whereas DHA/EPA 1 : 2 tended to raise n-6 PUFAs concentration and improve the n-6/n-3 ratio. DHA/EPA supplementation reduced the hepatic impairment of lipid homeostasis, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory responses in HFD-fed mice. The DHA/EPA 2 : 1 group had lower serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher levels of adiponectin than HFD group. The DHA/EPA 1 : 2 group had elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, without significant change the expression of genes for inflammation or hepatic lipid metabolism among the three DHA/EPA groups. The results suggest that DHA/EPA-enriched diet with an n-6/n-3 ratio of 4 : 1 may reverse HFD-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to some extent by increasing n-6 and n-3 PUFAs and decreasing the amount of MUFAs and the n-6/n-3 ratio.

scholarly journals Prepartum dietary energy intake alters adipose tissue transcriptome profiles during the periparturient period in Holstein dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Minuti ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
Vincenzo Lopreiato ◽  
Nicole A. Janovick ◽  
Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Periparturient Period

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of energy overfeeding during the dry period on adipose tissue transcriptome profiles during the periparturient period in dairy cows. Methods Fourteen primiparous Holstein cows from a larger cohort receiving a higher-energy diet (1.62 Mcal of net energy for lactation/kg of dry matter; 15% crude protein) for ad libitum intake to supply 150% (OVR) or 100% (CTR) of energy requirements from dry off until parturition were used. After calving, all cows received the same lactation diet. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were collected at − 14, 1, and 14 d from parturition (d) and used for transcriptome profiling using a bovine oligonucleotide microarray. Data mining of differentially expressed genes (DEG) between treatments and due to sampling time was performed using the Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results There was a strong effect of over-feeding energy on DEG with 2434 (False discovery rate-corrected P < 0.05) between OVR and CTR at − 14 d, and only 340 and 538 at 1 and 14 d. The most-impacted and activated pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database that were highlighted by DIA analysis at − 14 d in OVR vs. CTR included 9 associated with carbohydrate metabolism, with ‘Pyruvate metabolism’, ‘Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis’, and ‘Pentose phosphate pathway’ among the most-activated. Not surprisingly, OVR led to marked activation of lipid metabolism (e.g. ‘Fatty acid biosynthesis’ and ‘Glycerolipid metabolism’). Unexpected metabolic pathways that were activated at − 14 d in OVR included several related to metabolism of amino acids (e.g. branched chain) and of cofactors and vitamins (thiamin). Among endocrine and immune system pathways, at − 14 d OVR led to marked activation of ‘PPAR signalling’ and ‘Antigen processing and presentation’. Among key pathways affected over time in OVR, a number were related to translation (e.g. mTOR signaling), endocrine/immune signaling (CXCR4 and IGF1), and lipid metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation) with greater activation in OVR vs. CTR specifically at − 14 d. Although statistical differences for several pathways in OVR vs. CTR nearly disappeared at 1 and 14 vs. − 14 d, despite the well-known catabolic state of adipose depots after calving, the bioinformatics analyses suggested important roles for a number of signaling mechanisms at − 14 vs. 14 than 1 vs. -14 d. This was particularly evident in cows fed to meet predicted energy requirements during the dry period (CTR). Conclusions Data underscored a strong activation by overfeeding energy of anabolic processes in the SAT exclusively prepartum. The study confirmed that higher-energy diets prepartum drive a transcriptional cascade of events orchestrated in part by the activation of PPARγ that regulate preadipocyte differentiation and lipid storage in SAT. Novel aspects of SAT biology to energy overfeeding or change in physiologic state also were uncovered, including the role of amino acid metabolism, mTOR signaling, and the immune system.

scholarly journals Sensori dan Karakteristik Asam Lemak Daging Itik Cihateup, Alabio dan Silangannya (Sensory and Fatty Acids Characteristics of Cihateup Duck Meats, Alabio and Cross-bred)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Fitriani Eka Puji Lestari ◽  
Jakaria Jakaria ◽  
Rukmiasih Rukmiasih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Odor Intensity ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
The One ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition Analysis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the off odor in the meat of Alabio, Cihateup and cross-bred of both on the second generation. There were 36 ducks consisting 8 Cihateup Ducks, 9 alabio ducks and 19 cross-bred ducks. These ducks were reared for 10 weeks and fed by commercial feed containing 21-23% protein and 2900-3000 kcal/kg metabolic energy as much as 125 g/head/day. Ducks were put in colonies in box sized 1m x1 m. The off odor intensity, degree of liking and fatty acid composition of chest and thighs meat from Cihateup Duck, Alabio Duck and their crossbreeding were determined. Therefore, off odor intensity was analyzed using the rating intensity. Degree of liking was performed by hedonic ratio fatty acid composition analysis which was conducted by Gas Chromatography (GC). The off odor intensity of commercial meet of Alabio, Cihateup and their crossbreeding were not significantly different. Degree of aroma liking among Alabio, Cihateup and their crossbreeding meat was significantly different in breast commercial cutting where their cross breeding meat had the highest degree of liking. Ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid of meat from crossbreeding duck was lower than the one from the ancestor.Keyword: sensory, duck meat, Alabio, Cihateup, cross-breed

scholarly journals Unrestricted Feed Intake During the Dry Period Impairs the Postpartum Oxidation and Synthesis of Fatty Acids in the Liver of Dairy Cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Murondoti ◽  
R. Jorritsma ◽  
A.C. Beynen ◽  
T. Wensing ◽  
M.J.H. Geelen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Period

Metabolic factors affecting the inflammatory response of periparturient dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine M. Sordillo ◽  
G. A. Contreras ◽  
Stacey L. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractDairy cattle are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of disease during the periparturient period. Increased health disorders have been associated with alterations in bovine immune mechanisms. Many different aspects of the bovine immune system change during the periparturient period, but uncontrolled inflammation is a dominant factor in several economically important disorders such as metritis and mastitis. In human medicine, the metabolic syndrome is known to trigger several key events that can initiate and promote uncontrolled systemic inflammation. Altered lipid metabolism, increased circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and oxidative stress are significant contributing factors to systemic inflammation and the development of inflammatory-based diseases in humans. Dairy cows undergo similar metabolic adaptations during the onset of lactation, and it was postulated that some of these physiological events may negatively impact the magnitude and duration of inflammation. This review will discuss how certain types of fatty acids may promote uncontrolled inflammation either directly or through metabolism into potent lipid mediators. The relationship of increased lipid metabolism and oxidative stress to inflammatory dysfunction will be reviewed as well. Understanding more about the underlying cause of periparturient health disorders may facilitate the design of nutritional regimens that will meet the energy requirements of cows during early lactation and reduce the susceptibility to disease as a function of compromised inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Nutrition During the Dry Period and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism of Periparturient Dairy Cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1850-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Grum ◽  
J.K. Drackley ◽  
R.S. Younker ◽  
D.W. LaCount ◽  
J.J. Veenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

Palmitic acid-enriched fat supplementation alleviates negative production responses during early lactation of Holstein dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (13) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Hani M. El-Zaiat ◽  
Dyaaeldin Mohamed ◽  
Sobhy M. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Condition Score

Effects of rumen-protected fat (RPF) on suppressing the negative performance responses in early lactation period of Holstein dairy cows were investigated. Three hundred multiparous Holstein cows (647 ± 16 kg bodyweight and 90 days in milk (DIM)) were randomly housed into three free-stall barns (100 cows per barn) and assigned to the treatments for 90 days, as follows: (1) control (CTL) diet without RPF; (2) calcium salt of palm fatty acids (CaFA) 30 g/kg DM, and (3) fractionated fatty acids of palm oil (FFA) 25 g/kg DM. Cows were fed total mixed ration containing 580 g of concentrate and 420 g of roughage per kilogram DM. Cows fed FFA exhibited a higher (P &lt; 0.05) DM intake and body condition score than did those fed CaFA or CTL diets respectively. Moreover, cows fed the FFA diet showed decreased (P &lt; 0.05) changes to bodyweight at 30 DIM and to body condition score at 60 DIM and increased digestibility of ether extract and neutral detergent fibre. Blood concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose were higher (P &lt; 0.05) for cows fed FFA diet than for those fed the other diets, between 4 and 30 DIM, whereas concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid and urine ketones were lower for cows fed RPF sources (P &lt; 0.05). Relative to CTL diet, CaFA and FFA diets increased (P &lt; 0.05) milk yield and milk fat content at 4–30 DIM. Feeding FFA improved feed efficiency by 8.9% (P = 0.006), between 31 and 60 DIM, compared with CaFA. Inclusion of a palmitic acid-enriched fat supplement in Holstein cow diet increased milk yield and fat content and mitigated the deleterious effects of metabolic disorders during the early lactation period.

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