scholarly journals Metabolic effects of iodine in poultry for its deficiency or excess in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Hunchak ◽  
I. B. Ratych ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
H. A. Paskevych
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
The Impact

The article is a generalization of the literature on the impact fn the iodine om  a birds, depending on the amount in the diet. In particular, we show that lack of iodine in the body of animals with food and water leads to metabolic disorders, the development of organs and body systems, weakening the function of the reproductive organs and the body's resistance to infection, resulting disruption of the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency is characterized by the development of secondary immunodeficiency, which manifests a high propensity to disease. This weak immune response correlated with impaired thyroid function. The absorption of bioelements may affect the availability of natural feed goitrogenes. However, it is shown that an excess of cobalt, iron, boron, manganese poultry diets may correlate with the biosynthesis of thyroid and promote the development of endemic goiter. Noted features integrated application of iodine with other trace elements, as well as the need for admission with food vitamin A. From the standpoint of modern scientific research proved that the metabolism of iodine and selenium are closely related and can affect each other manifestations of deficiency of essential bioelements. Shown that excess of iodine in laying hens, reduced their egg production and average egg weight in breeding poultry hatching degrade the quality of the eggs. Permanent, but reduced vitellogenesis that continues for a period of excess consumption of iodine and inhibiting ovulation is associated with the formation of progesterone violation largest follicle, resulting in blocked signal for preovulatory allocation of luteinizing hormone, which leads to the cessation of egg. Excess iodine in the diet inhibits puberty young male and female  birds. Thus, there is a reverse chronological relationship between feeding forages with high iodine content and the expected time of puberty. According to a toxic level of iodine in the diet, the liver bird aminotransferase increased activity and blood – alkaline phosphatase, decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Thus, the deficit and surplus iodine leads to metabolic disorders, reproductive functions of animals and birds and lost productivity.

INDICATORS OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS BRED IN FARMS OF THE VORONEZH REGION WITH THE ANALYSIS OF MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL REASONS FOR THEIR CULLING

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
V.V. Krupitsyn ◽  
◽  
V.I. Kotarev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Voronezh Region

The main breeds of cows bred in the Voronezh region are red-mottled, Simmental, Holstein, both domestic and imported selection. The milk productivity of the red-mottled breed is 6247.9 kg, the duration of production use of ncp is 2.9 lactation; the Simmental ncpis 6952.9 kg and ncp is 3.21, and the Holstein ncp is 8845.4 kg and ncp is 1.85, respectively. Imported Simmental and Holstein cattle have a high potential for milk productivity, but the longevity period with the technology of loose keeping is very short. The main reasons for culling imported cattle are transport injuries, metabolic disorders, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, breast diseases, hooves in general due to adaptation of body and the influence of production paratypical factors. With the technology of loose keeping of dairy herds as a result of intensive load, the main reasons for culling are udder diseases of ncp-19.5 %, diseases of the reproductive organs of ncp-25.1%, and limbs of ncp – 18.5 %. In conditions of year-round tie-up housing of cows, as a result of hypodynamia, metabolic disorders occur. Diseases of reproductive organs make up ncp-32.8%, as well as diseases of distal extremities of ncp-22.3. In a number of farms, protein overfeed is noted, as a result of which the body experiences an intense load, leading to a number of animal diseases. As a result, it is necessary to recommend and follow the technological principles of providing the necessary hygienic conditions that would be close to the physiological or natural requirements of animal’s body to ensure the efficiency of raw milk production.

scholarly journals The true cost of in-patient obesity: impact of obesity on inflammatory stress and morbidity

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Grimble
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of the metabolic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokine production during infection and injury; to highlight the disadvantages of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory stress on morbidity and mortality of patients; to identify the influence of genetics and adiposity on inflammatory stress in patients and to indicate how nutrients may modulate the inflammatory response in patients. Recent research has shown clearly that adipose tissue actively secretes a wide range of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Paradoxically, although inflammation is an essential part of the response of the body to infection, surgery and trauma, it can adversely affect patient outcome. The metabolic effects of inflammation are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Metabolic effects include insulin insensitivity, hyperlipidaemia, muscle protein loss and oxidant stress. These effects, as well as being present during infective disease, are also present in diseases with a covert inflammatory basis. These latter diseases include obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory stress also increases during aging. The level of cytokine production, within individuals, is influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in cytokine genes. The combination of SNP controls the relative level of inflammatory stress in both overt and covert inflammatory diseases. The impact of cytokine genotype on the intensity of inflammatory stress derived from an obese state is unknown. While studies remain to be done in the latter context, evidence shows that these genomic characteristics influence morbidity and mortality in infectious disease and diseases with an underlying inflammatory basis and thereby influence the cost of in-patient obesity. Antioxidants andn-3 PUFA alter the intensity of the inflammatory process. Recent studies show that genotypic factors influence the effectiveness of immunonutrients. A better understanding of this aspect of nutrient–gene interactions and of the genomic factors that influence the intensity of inflammation during disease will help in the more effective targeting of nutritional therapy.

scholarly journals Molecular dynamics in COPD following diets and environmental stressor: Obesity leverage of health care utilize Omics

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Adeeb Fae ◽  
Bandar E Almansouri ◽  
Diane E Heck ◽  
Hong Duck Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Particle Matter ◽  
The Impact

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represented as inflammatory complication of chronic bronchitis which is characterized by oxidative stress driven phenotypic changes likely enlarged alveoli and increased mucus along with tightened smooth muscle which exaggerate pathological consequences such as breathing problems. The association between COPD and obesity as a metabolic disorder following a variety of environmental stressors include lifestyle change (e.g., diet and e-smoking or marijuana) and air pollution are less likely to be evaluated. People who are suffering with COPD developed extensive suffocation and difficulty breathing, which ultimately leads to fatal conditions in severe cases, for example lung cancer, heart attack, and stroke. Previous studies showed metabolic disorder like obesity appeared as a risk determinant to COPD like breathing problem or deep vein thrombosis and its genetic modification resulted from abnormality of molecular dynamics turned out key trigger in case of immune alteration and inflammation following exposure of several environmental factors which could be linked with comorbidity in secondary chronic diseases pairing with other metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, cancer or fatty liver disease). Lifestyle changes along with physical activities and management of the diet is worth to reduce COPD symptomatic firing. However, environmental factors like air pollution or particle matter owing to industrialization and urbanization include a variety of dust within indoor life, certain type of e-smoke also triggers the establishment of emphysema and enhances the progression of COPD aligned with molecular alteration in the lung tissue or interaction between different organs. Prediction and prevention skills as key tools of health management and evaluation in case of COPD remains unclear. Integrative care includes clinic assessment (e.g., the body mass index, diets, and metabolic profile using survey following physician guidance) could be coupled cellular and topological interaction between obesity and COPD supplemented with advanced functional and genetic variation utilize human genomics study like single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). To understand the impact of environmental risk better (e.g., air pollution or particle matter) on pathogenesis of disease or onset of the disease underlying the pulmonary system stratified lifestyle, age, metabolic disorders, diets, and medications, we envision exploring risks such as disease barrier and social determinants along with detection tools which may assess molecular dynamics and their alteration following stress might be associated with COPD in the pathogenesis. Environmental stressors (e.g., air pollution, particle matter, food addictive chemicals, and stress) as epigenetic modifiers could attribute to early phase of COPD onset and pathogenesis which reflect the molecular dynamics and redirection of networking pathways depending on gut immunity. Profiling of secondary metabolites is worth to explicate intervention of metabolism cascade owing to alter molecular sensitivity and connectivity. Utilized multi-dimensional omics such as metabolomics, genomics with exome sequencing, and epigenomics, prevention and prediction skills could visualize a new angle of disease diagnostic under the platform of integrative health care and surveillance supporting to patient’s quality of life.

scholarly journals Taste Receptors: New Players in Sperm Biology

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Luddi ◽  
Laura Governini ◽  
Dorke Wilmskötter ◽  
Thomas Gudermann ◽  
Ingrid Boekhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Observation ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
The Impact

Taste receptors were first described as sensory receptors located on the tongue, where they are expressed in small clusters of specialized epithelial cells. However, more studies were published in recent years pointing to an expression of these proteins not only in the oral cavity but throughout the body and thus to a physiological role beyond the tongue. The recent observation that taste receptors and components of the coupled taste transduction cascade are also expressed during the different phases of spermatogenesis as well as in mature spermatozoa from mouse to humans and the overlap between the ligand spectrum of taste receptors with compounds in the male and female reproductive organs makes it reasonable to assume that sperm “taste” these different cues in their natural microenvironments. This assumption is assisted by the recent observations of a reproductive phenotype of different mouse lines carrying a targeted deletion of a taste receptor gene as well as the finding of a significant correlation between human male infertility and some polymorphisms in taste receptors genes. In this review, we depict recent findings on the role of taste receptors in male fertility, especially focusing on their possible involvement in mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis and post testicular sperm maturation. We also highlight the impact of genetic deletions of taste receptors, as well as their polymorphisms on male reproduction.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-131
Author(s):  
Wenliang He ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Guoyao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Ruminant Meat

AbstractBoth poultry meat and eggs provide high-quality animal protein [containing sufficient amounts and proper ratios of amino acids (AAs)] for human consumption and, therefore, play an important role in the growth, development, and health of all individuals. Because there are growing concerns about the suboptimal efficiencies of poultry production and its impact on environmental sustainability, much attention has been paid to the formulation of low-protein diets and precision nutrition through the addition of low-cost crystalline AAs or alternative sources of animal-protein feedstuffs. This necessitates a better understanding of AA nutrition and metabolism in chickens. Although historic nutrition research has focused on nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) that are not synthesized or are inadequately synthesized in the body, increasing evidence shows that the traditionally classified nutritionally nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), such as glutamine and glutamate, have physiological and regulatory roles other than protein synthesis in chicken growth and egg production. In addition, like other avian species, chickens do not synthesize adequately glycine or proline (the most abundant AAs in the body but present in plant-source feedstuffs at low content) relative to their nutritional and physiological needs. Therefore, these two AAs must be sufficient in poultry diets. Animal proteins (including ruminant meat & bone meal and hydrolyzed feather meal) are abundant sources of both glycine and proline in chicken nutrition. Clearly, chickens (including broilers and laying hens) have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs to achieve their maximum productivity and maintain optimum health particularly under adverse conditions such as heat stress and disease. This is a paradigm shift in poultry nutrition from the 70-year-old “ideal protein” concept that concerned only about EAAs to the focus of functional AAs that include both EAAs and NEAAs.

scholarly journals Polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical and pathogenetic aspects of a multidisciplinary problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
V.G. Syusyuka ◽  
M.Y. Sergienko ◽  
G.I. Makurina ◽  
O.A. Yershova ◽  
A.S. Chornenka
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

The article presents data from guidelines, consensus and literature sources on the modern point of view regarding to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and principles of treatment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. It is a systemic pathology that occurs in women of any age, from puberty to menopause, involving almost all systems of the body in the process. The work focuses on the variability of the clinical manifestations of this syndrome, which is characterized by menstrual irregularities, infertility, polycystic changes in the ovaries according to ultrasound, dermatopathies and metabolic disorders. The main purpose of diagnosing the syndrome is to determine the severity of clinical manifestations, the sources and pathogenesis of androgen hyperproduction, the impact on reproductive function, as well as the assessment of metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Given the multifaceted clinical manifestations, the management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach, and pathogenetic therapy should include normalization of the hormonal profile and menstrual function, treatment of dermatopathies, correction of metabolic disorders, treatment of infertility (if pregnancy is relevant), etc.

Blood morphological and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens by use of aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex based on selenium under conditions of heat stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Olga I. Sevostyanova ◽  
◽  
Vladimir A. Orobets ◽  
Ekaterina A. Sokolova ◽  
Elena S. Kastarnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
The Impact

Heat stress is still one of the main problemsin poultry breeding. Depression of the general condition, decreased productivity, worsened conversion parameters, decreased egg production are just some of the adverse effects of stress factors. As one of the ways to deal with heat stress, veterinary pharmacology creates different constructions of mono- and multivitamin complexes. These complexes are designed to reduce or completely neutralize the negative effects of stress. Despite the declared by the manufacturers balance of feed for poultry, the need for additional introduction of vitamin complexes into the diet is confirmed by hundreds of scientific studies and world practices. This article has the results of the study evaluating the impact of the developed aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex based on selenium with a particle size of 20 to 60 nm on broiler chickens by Cobb-500 cross raised under heat stress. Like an analogue drug, was used Solvimin Selenium. It was found that anemia was recorded on the 21st day. The observed leukocytosis is an increase in the number of neutrophils and basophils in the peripheral blood. The biochemical composition of the blood of broiler chickens shows a pronounced stress effect on the body of birds of all experimental groups. All experimental groups had a decrease in total protein, albumin and urea with an increase in creatinine after 7 days from the start of the study. Changing the level of glucose in the blood serum allows us to conclude, that broilers in the control group have more stress tolerance. There are deviations not only in the control group, but also in the experimental groups. But, birds treated with vitamin-mineral complexes have the development of adaptive mechanisms, and a less pronounced negative effect of the temperature stress factor is noted.

scholarly journals Validasi Komik Asertif Organ Reproduksi Seri “Bagian Tubuh”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-199
Author(s):  
Tri Suyati ◽  
Padmi Dhyah Yulianti ◽  
Ellya Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Sexual violence in early childhood is prevalent and shows an increasing prevalence. The impact caused by the occurrence of sexual violence experienced will affect the mental health of the victim. Therefore, early childhood needs to be saved from incidents of sexual violence because children are the future owners of the nation. Thus, the importance of equipping children with knowledge, attitudes and skills about themselves and their bodies to prevent sexual violence. The researchers in this study aim to produce Reproductive Organ Assertive Comics for early childhood and test the validity of assertive comics with the theme "Body Parts" as an effort to prevent sexual violence in young children. This research uses the design of Research and Development (R&D). There are ten stages carried out in this study. In this paper the researcher discusses only the content validity test of three expert judgments. Based on the results of the assessment of expert judgment, it was found that the comic assertive of reproductive organs (the prevention of sexual violence) with the theme "Parts of the Body" was appropriate to be used as an effort to prevent sexual violence for young children.

scholarly journals Ways to reduce adverse effects of stress in pigs using nutritional factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
N. V. Bogolyubov ◽  
M. G. Chabaev ◽  
Yu. P Fomichev ◽  
E. Yu. Tsis ◽  
A. A. Semenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Animal Muscle ◽  
The Impact

Modern intensive technologies for handling and growing highly productive animals are accompanied by significant changes in their homeostasis causing stress and adversely affecting their health and the quality of the products obtained from them. Depending on the cause, stress is classified as social (technological), environmental, dietary, and immunological. Various types of stress adversely affect the body and contribute to endocrine, energy balance, and carbohydrate-lipid metabolism disturbances, which adversely affects the animal resistance to diseases, productivity and reproductive characteristics. Stress leads to metabolic disorders and changes in the ratio of muscle and fatty tissues. Every year, the manifestations of antemortem and postmortem pathological changes in the microstructure of animal muscle tissue are increasingly noted. Moreover, the affected structures of muscle fibers are characterized by hyper contraction, disruption of cell membranes, and formation of extracellular protein substance represented by denatured forms of proteins reducing the nutritional value and consumer characteristics of the final product. The use of antioxidants in pig diets, including natural ones, helps to reduce the impact of environmental stress factors on animals and increase their adaptive capacity. This review focuses on the ways to reduce stress and the effect of flavonoids, including quercetin, whose properties have been extensively studied in recent years, in order to increase the resistance of highly productive animals to various stress factors.

scholarly journals A network biology model of micronutrient related health

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (S3) ◽  
pp. S72-S80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben van Ommen ◽  
Susan Fairweather-Tait ◽  
Andreas Freidig ◽  
Alwine Kardinaal ◽  
Augustin Scalbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Impact

Micronutrients are involved in specific biochemical pathways and have dedicated functions in the body, but they are also interconnected in complex metabolic networks, such as oxidative-reductive and inflammatory pathways and hormonal regulation, in which the overarching function is to optimise health. Post-genomic technologies, in particular metabolomics and proteomics, both of which are appropriate for plasma samples, provide a new opportunity to study the metabolic effects of micronutrients in relation to optimal health. The study of micronutrient-related health status requires a combination of data on markers of dietary exposure, markers of target function and biological response, health status metabolites, and disease parameters. When these nutrient-centred and physiology/health-centred parameters are combined and studied using a systems biology approach with bioinformatics and multivariate statistical tools, it should be possible to generate a micronutrient phenotype database. From this we can explore external factors that define the phenotype, such as lifestage and lifestyle, and the impact of genotype, and the results can also be used to define micronutrient requirements and provide dietary advice. New mechanistic insights have already been developed using biological network models, for example genes and protein-protein interactions in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is hoped that the challenge of applying this approach to micronutrients will, in time, result in a change from micronutrient oriented to a health oriented views and provide a more holistic understanding of the role played by multiple micronutrients in the maintenance of homeostasis and prevention of chronic disease, for example through their involvement in oxidation and inflammation.

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