scholarly journals BIOMECHANICAL MODELING OF ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF BONE TISSUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (32) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
O. V. Pogrebnoy ◽  
O. V. Pogrebnoy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Biomechanical Modeling ◽  
Spongy Bone ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics

An original method for studying the morphometric characteristics of spongy bone tissue was proposed. Using this method the distribution of the density of the spongy bone tissue of the distal metaepiphysis of the radius was studied. A decrease in the content of spongy bone tissue along the longitudinal axis of the bone has been experimentally proved. Modeling the mechanical properties of spongy bone tissue, according to the known versions of models for the elastic modulus of discontinuous media, makes it possible to calculate the behavior of bone tissue in conditions of various types of interaction. The comparison of the elastic moduli obtained according to our data with the results of other researchers has shown their comparability.

Elastic Properties of Artificially Layered Thin Films

1987 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Cammarata
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Metallic Thin Films ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Composition Modulation

ABSTRACTEnhancements in the elastic moduli by factors of two or more in compositionally modulated metallic thin films have been observed for a certain range of composition modulation wavelengths. The experimental and theoretical understanding of this phenomenon, known as the supermodulus effect, is reviewed. Also, the mechanical properties of other artificially layered and composite materials are discussed and compared with the behavior of metallic superlattice thin films.

Contribution of Collagen, Mineral and Water Phases to the Nanomechanical Properties of Bone

2004 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanpreet K. Bembey ◽  
Vanessa Koonjul ◽  
Andrew J. Bushby ◽  
Virginia L. Ferguson ◽  
Alan Boyde
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Direction Transverse ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Loading Direction

ABSTRACTCortical bone is an anisotropic material, and its mechanical properties are determined by its composition as well as its microstructure. Mechanical properties of bone are a consequence of the proportions of, and the interactions between, mineral, collagen and water. Mid-shaft palmar cortical tissue from the equine third metacarpal bone is relatively dense and uniform with low porosity. The mainly primary osteons are aligned to within a few degrees of the long axis of the bone. Beams of compact cortical bone were prepared to examine effects of dehydration and embedding and to study contribution of collagen and mineral to nano-scale material properties. Five beams were tested: untreated (hydrated); 100% ethanol (dehydrated); or embedded in poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) for one normal, one decalcified, and one deproteinated bone sample. Elastic modulus was obtained by nanoindentation using spherical indenters, with the loading direction transverse [1] and longitudinal to the bone axis. By selectively removing water, mineral and organic components from the composite, insights into the ultrastructure of the tissue can be gained from the corresponding changes in the experimentally determined elastic moduli.

Via precise interface engineering towards bioinspired composites with improved 3D printing processability and mechanical properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 5037-5047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Hanßke ◽  
Onur Bas ◽  
Cédryck Vaquette ◽  
Gernot Hochleitner ◽  
Jürgen Groll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Interface Engineering ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Biodegradable Composite

Precise interface engineering in inorganic–organic hybrid materials enhances both the elastic moduli and toughness of a biodegradable composite, which is of relevance for load-bearing applications in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Elastic properties of nanostructured materials and their radiation resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
V. V. Uglov
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Radiation Resistance ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Nanocrystalline Phase ◽  
Recombination Processes ◽  
Kinetics Of

Young’s modulus of the nc-TiN/a-Si3N4nanocomposite has been calculated depending on a size and a volume fraction of the nanocrystalline phase. The elastic moduli of a-Si3N4matrix and nc-TiN nanocrystals as well as their relation show that they play an important role in the total elastic modulus of the nanocomposite. The kinetics of the defect structure during nanocomposite irradiation was investigated taking into account the recombination processes and sinks on the nanocrystals. 

scholarly journals A Direct Comparison of Three Buckling-Based Methods to Measure the Elastic Modulus of Nanobiocomposite Thin Films

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor C. Stimpson ◽  
Daniel A. Osorio ◽  
Emily D. Cranston ◽  
Jose Moran-Mirabal
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Film Composition ◽  
Parameter Values

<p>To engineer tunable thin film materials, accurate measurement of their mechanical properties is crucial. However, characterizing the elastic modulus with current methods is particularly challenging for sub-micrometer thick films and hygroscopic materials because they are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and most methods require free-standing films which are difficult to prepare. In this work, we directly compared three buckling-based methods to determine the elastic moduli of supported thin films: 1) biaxial thermal shrinking, 2) uniaxial thermal shrinking, and 3) the mechanically compressed, strain-induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) method. Nanobiocomposite model films composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were assembled using layer-by-layer deposition to control composition and thickness. The three buckling-based methods yielded the same trends and comparable values for the elastic moduli of each CNC-PEI film composition (ranging from 15 – 44 GPa, depending on film composition). This suggests that the methods are similarly effective for the quantification of thin film mechanical properties. Increasing the CNC content in the films statistically increased the modulus, however, increasing the PEI content did not lead to significant changes. The standard deviation of elastic moduli determined from SIEBIMM was 2-4 times larger than for thermal shrinking, likely due to extensive cracking and partial film delamination. In light of these results, biaxial thermal shrinking is recommended as the method of choice because it affords the simplest implementation and analysis and is the least sensitive to small deviations in the input parameter values, such as film thickness or substrate modulus.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Mechanical Anisotropy in Canine Bone Tissues of Various Ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Changqi Luo ◽  
Junyi Liao ◽  
Zhenglin Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

The effect of age on mechanical behavior and microstructure anisotropy of bone is often ignored by researchers engaged in the study of biomechanics. The objective of our study was to determine the variations in mechanical properties of canine femoral cortical bone with age and the mechanical anisotropy between the longitudinal and transverse directions. Twelve beagles divided into three age groups (6, 12, and 36 months) were sacrificed and all femurs were extracted. The longitudinal and transverse samples of cortical bone were harvested from three regions of diaphysis (proximal, central, and distal). A nanoindentation technique was used for simultaneously measuring force and displacement of a diamond tip pressed 2000nm into the hydrated bone tissue. An elastic modulus was calculated from the unloading curve with an assumed Poisson ratio of 0.3, while hardness was defined as the maximal force divided by the corresponding contact area. The mechanical properties of cortical bone were determined from 852 indents on two orthogonal cross-sectional surfaces. Mean elastic modulus ranged from 7.56±0.32 GPa up to 21.56±2.35 GPa, while mean hardness ranged from 0.28±0.057 GPa up to 0.84±0.072 GPa. Mechanical properties of canine femoral cortical bone tended to increase with age, but the magnitudes of these increase for each region might be different. The longitudinal mechanical properties were significantly higher than that of transverse direction (P<0.01). A significant anisotropy was found in the mechanical properties while there was no significant correlation between the two orthogonal directions in each age group (r2<0.3). Beyond that, the longitudinal mechanical properties of the distal region in each age group were lower than the proximal and central regions. Hence, mechanical properties in nanostructure of bone tissue must differ mainly among age, sample direction, anatomical sites, and individuals. These results may help a number of researchers develop more accurate constitutive micromechanics models of bone tissue in future studies.

scholarly journals Recent advances on the measurement and calculation of the elastic moduli of cortical and trabecular bone: A review

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Novitskaya ◽  
Po-Yu Chen ◽  
Elham Hamed ◽  
Li Jun ◽  
Vlado Lubarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multifunctional Material ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Open Issues

In this review, recent advances on the measurement and modeling of elastic properties of cortical and trabecular bone are presented. Bone is a multifunctional material which among its other functions serves as a support for other tissues in the body. As a structural material it is stiff, strong, tough, lightweight and is adaptable. Its excellent mechanical properties are due to its complex, composite and hierarchical structure. In this paper, we outline the experimental approaches that have been used to characterize bone?s structure, composition and elastic properties at several different length scales. Then, we discuss different modeling approaches that have been employed to compute bone?s elastic moduli. We conclude by discussing the challenges and open issues in this area. Analysis of bone is of importance in orthopedics. Also, gained knowledge on bone can be used by engineers to design new bioinspired composite materials for a wide range of engineering applications.

Modeling mechanical properties of carbon molecular clusters and carbon nanostructural materials

2002 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim M. Levin ◽  
Julia S. Petronyuk ◽  
Inna V. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Molecular Clusters ◽  
Nanoscale Structure ◽  
2D Elasticity ◽  
Dynamics Method ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Crystalline Graphite

ABSTRACTThe concept of 2D elasticity of a graphene sheet together with the idea of stiffness of a single sp3 bond have been applied to theoretical evaluating elastic properties of diverse carbon states. 2D elastic moduli have been extracted from data on elastic moduli of crystalline graphite. Stiffness of the sp3 bond has been estimated from data on the elastic modulus of diamond. Efficiency of Van-der-Waals interaction has been taken from the elastic modulus C33 of crystalline graphite. Characteristics of single fullerene deformability have been computed by the molecular dynamics method. Theoretical estimations have been performed for single molecular clusters, pristine fullerite, HPHT phases of polymerized C60, etc. The estimations are in good agreement with experimental data on elastic properties and nanoscale structure of carbon states. The approach is effective for establishing interrelation between nanostructure and elastic properties, for prediction and classification of nanostructure in novel carbon materials.

Contribution of Collagen, Mineral and Water Phases to the Nanomechanical Properties of Bone

2004 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanpreet K. Bembey ◽  
Vanessa Koonjul ◽  
Andrew J. Bushby ◽  
Virginia L. Ferguson ◽  
Alan Boyde
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Direction Transverse ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Loading Direction

ABSTRACTCortical bone is an anisotropic material, and its mechanical properties are determined by its composition as well as its microstructure. Mechanical properties of bone are a consequence of the proportions of, and the interactions between, mineral, collagen and water. Mid-shaft palmar cortical tissue from the equine third metacarpal bone is relatively dense and uniform with low porosity. The mainly primary osteons are aligned to within a few degrees of the long axis of the bone. Beams of compact cortical bone were prepared to examine effects of dehydration and embedding and to study contribution of collagen and mineral to nano-scale material properties. Five beams were tested: untreated (hydrated); 100% ethanol (dehydrated); or embedded in poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) for one normal, one decalcified, and one deproteinated bone sample. Elastic modulus was obtained by nanoindentation using spherical indenters, with the loading direction transverse [1] and longitudinal to the bone axis. By selectively removing water, mineral and organic components from the composite, insights into the ultrastructure of the tissue can be gained from the corresponding changes in the experimentally determined elastic moduli.

scholarly journals Elastic Modulus, Thermal Expansion, and Pyrolysis Shrinkage of Norway Spruce Under High Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Adibaskoro ◽  
Michalina Makowska ◽  
Aleksi Rinta-Paavola ◽  
Stefania Fortino ◽  
Simo Hostikka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Direction Parallel

AbstractThe orthotropic and temperature-dependent nature of the mechanical properties of wood is well recognized. However, past studies of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures are either limited to temperatures below 200 °C or focus only on the direction parallel to grain. The effect of time-dependent pyrolysis during measurement is often neglected. This paper presents a novel method for determining elastic modulus at high temperatures and thermal expansion coefficient in different orthotropic directions via Dynamic Mechanical-Thermal Analyser (DMTA). The method allows for drying, drying verification, and measurement in one chamber, eliminating the possibility of moisture reabsorption from ambient air. The repeatable measurements can be carried out in temperatures up to 325°C, adequate for observing time-dependent pyrolysis during measurement. Results of the measurements of Norway Spruce provide data of its mechanical response at temperature range previously not explored widely, as well as in the orthotropic direction. Time-dependent behaviour was observed in the thermal expansion and shrinkage experiment, where above 250°C the amount of shrinkage depends on heating rate. At such temperature, elastic moduli measurement also shows time dependence, where longer heating at certain temperature slightly increases the measured elastic modulus. Additionally, bilinear regression of the relationship between elastic moduli and temperature shows quantitatively good fit. Numerical simulation of the DMTA temperature history and wood chemical components mass losses show the onset of shrinkage and onset of hemicellulose mass loss occurring at around the same time, while decomposition of cellulose correlate with the sudden loss of elastic moduli.

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