scholarly journals Health condition parameters for deciduous trees in the forest stands of Trostyanetske Forest Enterprise

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Valentyna Meshkova ◽  
Tetiana Pyvovar ◽  
Oleksandr Tovstukha
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Epicormic Shoots ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Tree Defoliation

The aim of research was to evaluate the variability and relations with forest health condition its main parameters (defoliation, dieback and epicormic shoots occurrence) in seven tree species: Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), English oak (Quercus robur L.), small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.), and white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall). Research was carried out in 2018 in Trostyanetske Forest Enterprise (Left-bank Forest Steppe; Sumy region). Diameter (DBH), Kraft class, and category of health condition were assessed for each tree. Defoliation, dieback and epicormic shoots occurrence were evaluated as proportion of trees with respective symptoms. Severity of each parameter of tree health condition was estimated using respective scores. No tree species is defoliated over 50%. A birch is characterized by the lowest health condition index (1.6) for living trees, dieback (10%), epicormic shoots occurrence (15.9%) and recently died trees proportion (0.7%), but high proportion of trees died over year ago (10.7%). An oak is characterized by the highest health condition index (2.1), proportion of trees with dieback (45.4%) and epicormic shoots (21.7%). Proportion of trees with dieback is 21.5 to 25% for alder, lime and maple, a bit higher for elm and ash (30.9 and 31.3% respectively). DBH, Kraft class, and health condition index significantly correlate with health condition parameters of analyzed tree species, but the most of correlations are very slight and slight. Correlation between health condition index and defoliation score is significant, positive and high for all tree species (from 0.78 for alder to 0.9 for birch). Correlation between health condition index and dieback score is positive and significant for all tree species, is slight for ash, birch, lime, and alder, and moderate for maple, oak and elm. Correlation between health condition index and epicormic shoots occurrence is significant and positive for all tree species except birch, but is very slight in all cases except elm, where it is slight.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN ASH HEALTH CONDITION IN THE FOREST-STEPPE PART OF SUMY REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
V. L. Meshkova ◽  
V. L. Borysova ◽  
Yu. Ye. Skrylnik ◽  
O. V. Zinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Health ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Healthy Tree ◽  
Epicormic Shoots ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Average Health ◽  
European Ash

Average health condition index of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in inspected stands of the State Enterprise “Trostyanetske Forest Economy” is 2 points. European ash mortality was the highest in Krasnyanske forestry (0.8 % and 3.5 % of recently died trees and the trees died over a year ago respectively). The highest proportion of healthy European ash trees were inspected in Makivske and Krasnyanske forestries (85.3 % and 50.1 % respectively). The trees of European ash of the 1st category of health condition can be reliably distinguished from the trees of other categories of health condition. A total score of “0” for all parameters of health condition (defoliation, dieback, and epicormic shoots occurrence) reliably points the healthy tree. The trees can be assigned to the 1st category of health condition with defoliation, caused by insects, up to 50 %, with up to 10 % dry branches and single epicormic shoots. Multiple epicormic shoots are characteristic for the trees of the 3rd category of health condition. Ambiguous results in distinguishing of European ash trees of the 2nd and the 3rd, the 3rd and the 4th categories of health condition confirm the need for improvement of its assessment and annual monitoring the forest health at key plots.

Health condition of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in different forest site conditions of the Left-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine   

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Л. Мешкова ◽  
Я.В. Кошеляева
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Birch Tree

Цель исследования – выявить особенности двухлетней динамики показателей санитарного состояния березы повислой (Betula pendula Roth) в различных типах лесорастительных условий Левобережной лесостепи Украины. Проанализированы данные о санитарном состоянии березы повислой, полученные в 2015–2016 гг. на девяти пробных площадях. Три из них представляют свежую суборь (В2), три – свежий сугрудок (С2) и три – свежий груд (D2) (по классификации Алексеева–Погребняка) – наиболее представленные в регионе типы лесорастительных условий. Все насаждения имеют искусст­венное семенное происхождение и примерно одинаковый возраст (40–45 лет), что соответствует наибольшему представительству в лесном фонде Левобережной лесостепи. Категорию санитарного состояния каждого дерева березы на пробных площадях оценивали в соответствии с Санитарными правилами в лесах Украины. Индекс санитарного состояния насаждений определяли по количеству деревьев и по доле площади поперечного сечения стволов, представленных в каждой категории санитарного состояния. Индекс санитарного состояния отдельно рассчитывали для всех деревьев (II–VI) и для жизнеспособных деревьев I–IV категорий санитарного состояния (II–IV). Значения индексов санитарного состояния анализируемых насаж­дений, вычисленных с учетом как распределения деревьев, так и их площади поперечного сечения (1,7–2,5), позволяют считать эти березняки ослабленными. Отмечена тенденция ухудшения состояния березы в 2016 г., по сравнению с 2015 г., а также в ряду свежие субори (В2) – свежие сугрудки (С2) – свежие груды (D2). Среднее санитарное состояние ухудшалось преимущественно из-за плохого состояния деревья с меньшим диаметром, т. е. патологические процессы не были выражены в насаждениях в целом. В обследованных насаждениях зафиксированы такие признаки ослабления, как усыхание вершин, наличие водяных побегов, заселение стволовыми насекомыми (входные отверстия, ходы), потеки на стволах. В 2016 г., по сравнению с 2015 г., возросла доля деревьев с признаками бактериальной водянки. The goal of research was to reveal the peculiarities of two-year dynamics of health condition indices for silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in different types of forest site conditions of the Left-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Presented data on silver birch health condition were obtained from 9 permanent sample plots in 2015–2016. Three plots were located in a fresh subor (fresh relatively poor forest site conditions В2), other three plots in a fresh sugrud (fresh relatively fertile forest site conditions C2), and three more plots in a fresh grud (fresh fertile forest site conditions D2) (by Alekseyev–Pogrebnyak classification). These forest site conditions are the most represented in the region. All studied stands were  of artificial seed origin and are about the same age (40–45 years old), which reflects the largest representation in the forests of the Left-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Categories of health condition were assessed for each birch tree in the sample plots according to the «Sanitary rules in the forests of Ukraine». Index of forest health condition was evaluated by a number of trees and by the part of cross-sectional area of birch stems in each category of health condition. Index of forest health condition was calculated separately for all trees (II–VI) and for viable trees of the I–IV categories of health condition (II–IV). All evaluated indices of health condition (1.7–2.5) allow to suggest these birch stands weakened. There is a trend of worsening birch condition in 2016 comparing to 2015 as well as in the series «fresh relatively poor forest site conditions (В2) – fresh relatively fertile forest site conditions (С2) – fresh fertile forest site conditions (D2)». Worsening of health condition was registered mainly in trees with smaller diameter, thus pathological processes were not extensive in the stands as whole. Dieback, epicornic shoots, stem insects' entrance holes and galleries, and sap flux on stems were registered as the signs of stands weakening. In 2016 in comparison to 2015, the performance of wetwood has increased.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS POHON SEBAGAI SALAH SATU INDIKATOR KESEHATAN HUTAN LINDUNG (Studi Kasus di Kawasan Hutan Lindung yang Dikelola oleh HKm Beringin Jaya)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Safei ◽  
Hari Kaskoyo ◽  
Arief Darmawan ◽  
Fansuri Fikri Haikal
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Biodiversity Indicators ◽  
Protected Forests

Protection forest becomes a forest area with the main function as protection of life support systems. The health condition of protected forests has a great influence on the environment of the ecosystem. It is important to assess the health of protected forests in view of their main function. Thus to determine the health condition of the forest, one indicator that can be used is tree biodiversity. Biodiversity is the richness of life found on earth. Assessment of biodiversity indicators is very necessary to do because it is sensitive to changes, ecological system indicators, spatial heterogeneity, temporal, and and the order in the food chain. This study aims to determine the diversity of tree species in protected forest areas managed by HKm Beringin Jaya as an indicator of forest health assessment. The study was conducted using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. The results showed that the final value of forest health status with indicators of biodiversity (tree species diversity) in the protected forest area managed by HKm Beringin Jaya was in the good category of 50% in cluster plots (2, 5 and 6) and bad by 50% on cluster plots (1, 3 and 4), thus showing that the protected forest area managed by HKm Beringin Jaya has a fairly healthy (stable) condition with a moderate category.

scholarly journals Parameters of Pinus sylvestris health condition and Ips acuminatus population in pure and mixed stands of Sumy region

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Valentyna Meshkova ◽  
Ivan Bobrov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Outbreaks of bark beetles have increased in recent years in various regions. Pine engraver beetle (Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhal, 1827); Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is most common in the pine forests of many European countries. Research on its biology and spread carried out in different natural conditions, phases of pest outbreak and considered various parameters to characterize the population of the pest and forest health condition. The aim of the research was to compare the health condition of Scots pine stands and population parameters of I. acuminatus in its two generations in pure and mixed stands in Polissya and Forest-steppe parts of Sumy region. Research was carried out in 2017 in the pure Scots pine stands and mixed stands with Scots pine and other forest species in Polissya (State Enterprise "Seredyno-Budsky Agroforest Economy"; State Enterprise "Seredyno-Budsky Forest Economy") and Forest-steppe parts (State Enterprise "Velykopysarivske Agroforest Economy"; State Enterprise "Okhtyrske Forest Economy") of Sumy region at 26 sample plots. In sample plots, parameters of forest health condition and bark beetle population were assessed in June and in September, after completion of development of spring and summer generation of I. acuminatus.  By most of the parameters assessed, significant differences between sample plots in Forest-Steppe and Polissya parts of Sumy region were not found. In pure Scots pine stands the mean area of bark beetles’ foci and bark beetles’ production were larger in Forest-steppe in June, and the density of Ips acuminatus nuptial chambers in June and September. In pure Scots pine stands the area of I. acuminatus focus, the number of colonized trees, the proportion of recently died trees, health condition indices, the density of egg galleries and nuptial chambers as well as young beetle’s production increased from June to September. In mixed stands the focus area, the number of colonized trees and health condition index increased insignificantly, and population parameters of I. acuminatus decreased from June to September. Pure Scots pine stands changed the health condition from "severely weakened" to "drying up" in three months, and mixed ones remained in the "weakened" category. In pure pine stands, the density of egg galleries and beetles of the young generation increased for three months from the lower limit of a moderate level to a high level, the density of nuptial chambers – from low to a high level. In mixed stands, all population parameters of I. acuminatus correspond to a low population level. The parameters characterizing the investigated foci of I. acuminatus in the Sumy region significantly correlated with the participation of pine in the stand composition, and in September the correlation is closer than in June. The data obtained indicate the feasibility of creating predominantly mixed pine stands.

Health condition of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the forest stands of the forest-steppe part of Kharkov Region of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Л. Мешкова ◽  
В.Л. Борисова
Keyword(s):  
Condition Index ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
European Ash

Цель исследования – оценка состояния ясеневых насаждений в условиях свежего груда (D2 по классификации Алексеева–Погребняка) – наиболее распространенного типа лесорастительных условий в лесостепной части Харьковской области. На 2-х постоянных пробных площадях (ПП) оценивали дефолиацию крон деревьев ясеня в конце июня и категорию санитарного состояния этих деревьев в конце июля или в августе. Индекс санитарного состояния насаждений определяли по коли­честву деревьев, по доле площади поперечного сечения стволов и по доле объема стволов, представленных в каждой категории санитарного состояния. Все показатели рассчитывали по всем деревьям (II–VI) и по жизнеспособным деревьям I–IV категорий санитарного состояния (II–IV). Дефолиация крон ясеня составила в среднем 35 ± 3%, на отдельных ПП – от 13,2 до 61,5%, а на индивидуальных деревьях – от 5 до 75%. Индекс санитарного состояния насаждений достоверно коррелирует с дефолиацией. Более высокий уровень дефолиации деревьев с большими диаметром и высотой подтвержден дисперсионным анализом. Связь дефолиации крон и индексов санитарного состояния ясеня с его участием в составе насаждений не подтверждена статистически. Обследованные насаждения ясеня обыкновенного относятся к кате­гории ослабленных или сильно ослабленных, а насаждения на ПП-3 и ПП-4 – к категории усыхающих. На ПП-9, ПП-19 и ПП-22 относительный диаметр деревьев IV категории санитарного состояния значительно превышал единицу (1,56, 1,36 и 1,33 соответственно), а индекс санитарного состояния насаждений, вычислен­ный по доле площади поперечного сечения стволов, был выше, чем вычисленный по количеству деревьев. Это свидетельствует о том, что в данных насаждениях развиваются патологические процессы, причем с недавнего времени, что подтверждает низкая встречаемость сухостоя. The goal of the research was an evaluation of ash stands health condition in fresh grud (fresh fertile forest site conditions D2) (by the Alekseyev-Pogrebnyak classification), which is the most widespread forest site condition in the forest-steppe part of Kharkiv Region of Ukraine. Defoliation of European ash was assessed at the end of June, and a category of health condition was assessed in late July or August at 22 permanent sample plots (SP). Health condition index of the stands was calculated by the number of trees, by proportion of cross-sectional area and by proportion of stem volume in each category of health condition. All these indices of forest health condition were calculated separately for all trees (II–VI) and for viable trees of the categories I–IV of health condition (II–IV). Average defoliation of European ash was 35 ± 3%, in certain permanent sample plots it varied from 13.2 to 61.5%, and for individual trees varied from 5 to 75%. Health condition index significantly correlates with defoliation. The higher defoliation of trees with greater diameter and height is proved by analysis of variances. Correlation of defoliation with the proportion of ash in the stand composition and with stand age was not proved statistically. Inspected ash stands were classified as the category «weakened» or «severely weakened», and the stands in the sample plots SP-3 and SP-4 were classified as the category «drying (dying)». Relative diameter of trees of the category IV of health condition in SP-9, SP-19, and SP-22 considerably exceeded 1 (1.56, 1.36 and 1.33, respectively). Health condition index, calculated by cross-sectional area, exceeded the index, calculated by tree number. It shows that pathological processes began to develop recently in these stands, which is supported by low occurrence of dead trees.

Results of a Tree Species Trial on a Recontoured Surface Mine in Southwestern Virginia

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Torbert ◽  
J. A. Burger ◽  
J. N. Lien ◽  
S. H. Schoenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Strip Mine

Abstract Fifteen tree species, five pine and ten hardwood, were planted on a reclaimed, return-to-contour, strip-mine site in Wise County, Virginia. A systemic herbicide was sprayed on half of each of four experimental blocks prior to the second growing season. After three growing seasons, this treatment resulted in increased survival of five species. Black locust (Robina pseudoacacia) performed best with 90% survival and a tenfold increase in height. Other hardwoods that showed promise were black alder (Alnus glutinosa), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and cottonwood (Populus deltoides). As a group, the pines outperformed the hardwoods. Loblolly (Pinus taeda) and Virginia pine (Pinus Virginiana) were the fastest growing, and survival of each was signifcantly higher on the sprayed plots.

scholarly journals Zhodnotenie zdravotného stavu lesov v inundačnej oblasti Dunaja v úseku Dobrohošt – Sap z leteckých multispektrálnych snímok z roku 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Bucha ◽  
Martin Slávik ◽  
Norbert Hatala ◽  
Martin Bartko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Tree Defoliation ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
River Inundation

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the forest health condition in the area of Hydropower plant Gabčikovo using the digital multispectral aerial images from 2011 in the section Dobrohošt - Sap. We proposed a new innovative procedure of creating the forest mask in the image processing. It concerns a process of defining tree crowns, where we combined subject and raster oriented approach of the image classification. We evaluated forest health condition on a selected forest mask using the method of twophased sampling with regression. The indicators of health condition were tree defoliation and presence of heavily damaged trees and snags in the stands. Defoliation was used to compare the current forest health condition in the concerned area with the data from 2008. Presence of the snags as the result of severe damage is interpreted in terms of stand types related to site conditions. Field survey proved presence of invasive and non-native tree species and plants. Based on the result, we have formulated recommendations for further forest monitoring in the Danube River inundation

scholarly journals Effect of water level and climatic factors on the radial growth of black alder

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Didzis Elferts ◽  
Iluta Dauškane ◽  
Guna Ūsele ◽  
Agita Treimane
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
River Banks

Effect of water level and climatic factors on the radial growth of black alder Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is a widespread tree species in Europe and the western part of the temperate climate zone. The area of forest in Latvia dominated by this tree species has substantially decreased due to wide-spread forest drainage. To predict future changes due to environmental change, it is extremely important to understand the function of ecosystems with black alder and their dynamics. Tree rings can be used as a proxy of past environmental factors. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of meteorological and hydrological factors on radial growth of black alder at two study sites (Dursupe and Raķupe) in Latvia. The response of black alder trees to the influence of climatic and hydrological factors was found to depend on site conditions, i.e. a climatic effect was observed in conditions when the water level was low. Spatial variation in the strength of the relationship of black alder growth to temperature, precipitation, and river level suggests that alder growth is more susceptible to drought stress on higher river banks, where the water table is deeper. Black alder trees growing on low river banks can potentially be used to reconstruct past water-levels.

Combining multispectral and texture imagery features to assess health condition in priority riparian forests by means of unmanned aerial systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia María Rodríguez-González ◽  
Juan Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Ramón Alberto Díaz-Varela ◽  
Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Digital Surface Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Black Alder

<p>Expansion of damaging pests and pathogens is a reality which, together with rapid global change, is arguably the greatest contemporaneous challenge to sustainable forestry and the continuing function of forest ecosystems.<em> Alnus glutinosa</em> (black alder) woodlands are priority riparian forests for conservation at European Scale (Habitat 91E0* of Habitat Directive 43/92/CEE), due to their key ecological functions (such as N fixation, wildlife habitat) and ecosystem services provision (e.g. improvement of water quality). Recently, substantial declines in alder stands have been observed along streams in Europe. A major driver has been the invasive oomycete pathogen <em>Phytophthora alni</em> species complex, with damages widespread across Europe and even in some parts of North America. This is critical, not only due to disproportionate ecological importance of riparian forests in relation to their surface area extent but also due potential impacts to other forest species. Proper management requires accurate assessment of forest status and novel remote sensing devices offer increasing opportunities to overcome high labour costs and time-consuming travels, typical of field based monitoring. The mapping of the defoliation caused by the disease is particularly challenging in high density ecosystems with high spectral variability due to canopy heterogeneity. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data for such tasks might be particularly advisable due to its high resolution, acquisition flexibility and cost efficiency in the field. In this study, <em>Alnus glutinosa</em> decline was assessed by classifying four different health condition levels (healthy, dead, and defoliation under and below a 50% threshold), previously attributed through individual tree field sampling. A combination of multispectral Parrot Sequoia and RGB-UAV-data were analysed using Random Forest (RF) and a simple and robust three-step logistic modelling approaches to identify the most relevant predictors and keep the models parsimonious. A total of 34 remote sensing (RS) variables were included in the study, including a set of vegetation indices (VI), texture features from NDVI and DSM (Digital Surface Model), topographic and DAP (Digital Aerial Photogrammetry)-derived structural from Digital Surface Model (DSM) at crown level. The four level health condition classification achieved an overall classification accuracy of 67%. On the other hand, the confusion matrix computed from the three logistic models using leave-out cross-validation method achieved an overall accuracy of 76% when using four level health condition classification. Our results offer an alternative robust classification method to forest and conservation managers for the rapid and effective assessment of areas affected by the disease in their planning of control and restoration measures aimed at reducing these forests vulnerability and black alder mortality with potential application to other species.</p>

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