scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF BEECH AND CONIFEROUS/BEECH MOUNTAIN CLIMAX FOREST STANDS OF UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
T. V. Parpan ◽  
V. I. Parpan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Structure ◽  
Climax Forest

Cenopopulation structure of climax forest stands of formation of beech forests in Ukrainian Carpathians

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
T. V. Parpan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Distribution Type ◽  
Climax Forest

Logging in the mountainous conditions of the Carpathians has transformed the forest cover into a continuous succession system. Climax exemplary communities which are subject to protection and research according to the position of structure and dynamics on the population methodological basis, to have survived on an insignificant area in the reserves and protective categories of forests. The cenopopulation paradigm considers the edificator species (spruce, fir, beech, pine) as a system of interacting geographic, food and elementary populations. The structure of climax uneven-aged coenopopulations of formation of the beech forest is considered as natural climax cenoses that have arisen as a result of endo- or exogenous successions due to climatic and edaphic conditions. Their dynamic equilibrium is supported by the variability of the spatial mosaic structure through the age-old turnover of generations. The distribution of trees by diameter in climax forest stands is characterized by three types: reverse s-shaped, j-shaped and bell-shaped with right-sided asymmetry. The inverse s-type distribution type is the main one and occupies 77 % of trial plots. The types of reverse j-shaped and bell-shaped with right-side asymmetry are encountered respectively in 2 and 21 % of the trial plots. Vertical stratification in climax beech cenoses distinguishes four functional tiers-horizons, or spatial ecological niches. There is a possibility to forecast the directions of successions by species composition in tiers. In mixed dark-coniferous-beech stands, the beech occupies a dominant position, and fir, and especially spruce, a regressive position. The age structure of climax forest stands is presented to 6 age groups: pre-generative - juvenile and imature and virginal; generative – young, middle-aged, ripe and old (overmature). According to number of climax coniferous/beech and beech stands the full-member beech cenpopulations predominate. The age spectra of fir and spruce, maple-sycamore, ash, and elm are usually unequal, or fragmentary. On average, one hectare in climax coniferous/beech and beech stands include 174–235 individuals of generative generation – 42–52 – fir, 5–16 – spruce, 5–10 – maple-sycamore and ash tree. The timber stock in half (50–60 %) is concentrated in overmature and 25 % in mature age condition. Introduction of the population paradigm in forest synecology discover a new opportunity to divide the stand of the age generation and treat them as old-growth forests and virgin forests which form a set of key species of cenopopulations, and also determine the direction of succession.

The dynamics of changes in the structure and species composition of primary forest stands in selected areas of Pieniny National Park

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Jaworski ◽  
Dorota Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Stands

Dynamika zmian budowy, struktury i składu gatunkowego drzewostanów o charakterze pierwotnym na wybranych powierzchniach w Pienińskim Parku Narodowym

Le guide des stations forestières du canton de Vaud: synthèse pour les praticiens | The guide to forest stations in canton Vaud: a summary for practioners

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (s1) ◽  
pp. s43-s53
Author(s):  
Denis Horisberger ◽  
Micheline Meylan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
New Information ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Choice Of Species

The guide to forest stations in canton Vaud is a collection of references and applications intended for forest practitioners. This computer-based instrument constantly incorporates new information. The guide is conceived on transparent bases that can be repeated and thus called in question. It offers a simplified process for determining vegetation groups and evaluating their productivity. It is completed by some suggestions for a choice of species adapted to the station which takes into account their suitability for any given station, climate changes and the present composition of forest stands.

Eichen im Aargau – eine besondere Verantwortung für das Fricktal | Oak in the canton of Argovia – a special responsibility for the Fricktal

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Kurt Steck
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Site Factor ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Endangered Population ◽  
Middle Spotted Woodpecker ◽  
Special Responsibility ◽  
Important Site

A targeted nurturing of oak in the canton of Argovia goes against the natural development of forest stands where the dominant, naturally occurring species is beech. Because of this,afforestation with oak is both work intensive and costly and is therefore concentrated on sites where silvicultural, economical and ecological aspects have been taken into account. With the help of a simple model showing areas where, above all,oak is nurtured, comprehensively mapped forest stands were classed according to competitiveness and correlated to thermal levels, that represent an important site factor for oak. One important aspect surrounding the issue is the preservation of genetic resources and an adequate supply of appropriate seed from chosen autochthonal, indigenous oak stands. In addition,the endangered population of middle spotted woodpecker,which is tied to widespread sites of aged oak-rich deciduous stands, should be fostered. Taking ecological priorities into account a possible area to nurture oak has been demarcated in the Fricktal.

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