scholarly journals SOCIAL AND LEGAL CONDITIONALITY FOR THE FACTORS OF VIOLENCE IN CORRECTIONAL COLONIES OF MEDIUM AND MAXIMUM SECURITY LEVELS

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
O. H. Mykhailyk
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Levels ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Forms Of Violence

The article reveals the social and legal conditionality for the factors of violence in correctional colonies of medium and maximum security levels. It is substantiated that violence in correctional colonies is a social and legal phenomenon, which is quite complex and ambiguous. The influence on the manifestations of violence in the correctional colonies of the following factors is proved: national-legal; socio-psychological and criminological. The opposition from the administration of the correctional colony of medium and maximum security level to violence has a great preventive value, firstly as a deterrent to other prisoners, and secondly, the reduction of crime rates in places of non-freedom. From the standpoint of our study, an interesting element of the motivation of a crime is violence, the content of which lies in the sphere of his own behavior of the convicted person and acts as its stimulator. It is noted that violence in correctional colonies of medium and maximum security levels is characterized by a high degree of social danger, importance of the object of criminal law protection, and the nature and extent of the damage caused by the special subject of the crime. The study of the social conditionality for the forms of violence in correctional colonies of the medium and maximum security levels has shown that this problem is one of the most acute among convicts, and therefore requires its immediate solution, first of all at the legal level, as well as at the level of departmental sub-legislation acts. Therefore, when developing effective forms and methods for preventing violence in correctional colonies of medium and maximum security levels, we propose to the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine to take them into account when preparing departmental legal acts and departmental instructions of the Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY LEVEL IN THE CONTEXT OF CORONAVIRUS CONTAGION (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
О. Skydan ◽  
◽  
О. Nykolyuk ◽  
P. Pyvovar ◽  
P. Topolnytskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Security Level ◽  
The Social

Entrepreneurial Education - a New Challenge for Universities in Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Gabriel Croitoru ◽  
Mircea Constantin Duica ◽  
Dorin Claudiu Manolache ◽  
Mihaela Ancuta Banu
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Entrepreneurial spirit plays an increasingly important role in the economic sphere, and universities are meant to play a central role in this process, where the main objective is the continuous development and mediation of the knowledge increasingly geared to the applications through innovation and patenting a secure platform for employment and well-being growth. The Universities have to take a position in if/and how they want to grow into a so-called “University of Entrepreneurship” which is characterized by a high degree of openness to the surrounding society and here we are talking, especially, about, the business sector in Romania. This evolution of expectations for the social role of universities has resulted from increased and recent interest in entrepreneurship and innovation of areas as research and theory of the business environment. The experience gained as teachers indicates that education and entrepreneurship education should include different theories and methodology than those applied in the usual way. The theory of traditional management and microeconomic models could even be a barrier to new thinking and change and, therefore, to the implementation of modern entrepreneurial actions. We want this article to be a source of inspiration for educational institutions and to have a positive contribution to research in business education and to be applicable in business decision-making.

scholarly journals Ophiocordyceps salganeicola, a parasite of social cockroaches in Japan and insights into the evolution of other closely-related Blattodea-associated lineages

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. M. Araújo ◽  
Mitsuru G. Moriguchi ◽  
Shigeru Uchiyama ◽  
Noriko Kinjo ◽  
Yu Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Ryukyu Archipelago ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Host Jump ◽  
High Degree ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe entomopathogenic genus Ophiocordyceps includes a highly diverse group of fungal species, predominantly parasitizing insects in the orders Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. However, other insect orders are also parasitized by these fungi, for example the Blattodea (termites and cockroaches). Despite their ubiquity in nearly all environments insects occur, blattodeans are rarely found infected by filamentous fungi and thus, their ecology and evolutionary history remain obscure. In this study, we propose a new species of Ophiocordyceps infecting the social cockroaches Salganea esakii and S. taiwanensis, based on 16 years of collections and field observations in Japan, especially in the Ryukyu Archipelago. We found a high degree of genetic similarity between specimens from different islands, infecting these two Salganea species and that this relationship is ancient, likely not originating from a recent host jump. Furthermore, we found that Ophiocordyceps lineages infecting cockroaches evolved around the same time, at least twice, one from beetles and the other from termites. We have also investigated the evolutionary relationships between Ophiocordyceps and termites and present the phylogenetic placement of O. cf. blattae. Our analyses also show that O. sinensis could have originated from an ancestor infecting termite, instead of beetle larvae as previously proposed.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Modified Hodge Test and Modified Strip Carba NP Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Patidar ◽  
Nitya Vyas ◽  
Shanoo Sharma ◽  
Babita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Objective Carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, resistance to carbapenem is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide leading to major therapeutic failures and increased mortality rate. Early and effective detection of carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is therefore key to control dissemination of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial as well as community-acquired infection. The aim of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Modified strip Carba NP (CNP) test against Modified Hodge test (MHT) for early detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Material and Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various clinical samples were screened for carbapenem resistance. A total of 107 CRE were subjected to MHT and Modified strip CNP test for the detection of CPE. Statistical Analysis It was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, IBM India; version V26. Nonparametric test chi-square and Z-test were used to analyze the results within a 95% level of confidence. Results Out of 107 CRE, 94 (88%) were phenotypically confirmed as carbapenemase producer by Modified strip CNP test and 46 (43%) were confirmed by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Thirty-eight (36%) isolates showed carbapenemase production by both MHT and CNP test, 56 isolates (52%) were CNP test positive but MHT negative, eight (7%) isolates were MHT positive but CNP test negative and five (5%) isolates were both MHT and CNP test negative. There is statistically significant difference in efficiency of Modified CNP test and MHT (p < 0.05). Conclusion Modified strip CNP test is simple and inexpensive test which is easy to perform and interpret and gives rapid results in less than 5 minutes. It has high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Modified strip CNP test shows significantly higher detection capacity for carbapenemase producers as compared with MHT.

scholarly journals Treating Wrongs as Wrongs: An Expressive Argument for Tort Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Hershovitz
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Tort Reform ◽  
Corrective Justice ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Expressive Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe idea that criminal punishment carries a message of condemnation is as commonplace as could be. Indeed, many think that condemnation is the mark of punishment, distinguishing it from other sorts of penalties or burdens. But for all that torts and crimes share in common, nearly no one thinks that tort has similar expressive aims. And that is unfortunate, as the truth is that tort is very much an expressive institution, with messages to send that are different, but no less important, than those conveyed by the criminal law. In this essay, I argue that tort liability expresses the judgment that the defendant wronged the plaintiff. And I explain why it is important to have an institution that expresses that judgment. I argue that we need ways of treating wrongs as wrongs, so that we can vindicate the social standing of victims. Along the way, I consider the continuity between tort and revenge, and I suggest a new way of thinking about corrective justice and the role that tort plays in dispensing it. I conclude by sketching an agenda for tort reform that would improve tort’s ability to serve its expressive function.

An economy of false securities? An analysis of murders inside gated residential developments in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Atkinson ◽  
Oliver Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Residential Developments ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Crime ◽  
Media Narratives ◽  
Forms Of Violence

The move to gated communities has been linked to both rising affluence and anxiety. These attempts to withdraw from the perceived dangers of urban areas are also predicated on the pursuit of a neighbourhood ideal, and freedom from danger is usually central to this ideal. This paper critically reconsiders these propositions by examining news reports and media narratives surrounding the nature of homicidal violence occurring within such developments. We have analysed fifty news reports from the last decade that address murder committed inside gated communities. In our analysis of these reports we suggest that attempts to neutralise danger in high crime societies are by no means guaranteed—even via the most strenuous efforts at deploying walls, gates and guards. Building on the arguments of Low (2003) and Zedner (2003), we suggest that demands for security are not only unending but that an outward-facing orientation that positions risk outside gated neighbourhoods is a denial of the continued danger of intimate and other forms of violence within communities and households behind gates. In this context the move to enclosure is more than a pragmatic attempt to defend against threat; it appears to reflect the impotence of efforts associated with addressing deep ontological insecurities. Studies continue to record high levels of fear in gated developments, and highly gendered risks of violence continue to be a part of the social reality of the segregated neighbourhood.

The Social Dangers Of The Crime Of Abuse Of Power Or Position: Problems Of Theory And Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 72-12
Author(s):  
Shukhrat Khodjievich Alirizaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Position Article

The article deals with the theoretical problems of social danger of the crime of abuse of power or official position (Article 205 of the Criminal Code), its place in criminal law, its connection with other official crimes. It also analyzes the increase in this crime in public life, corruption offenses and the origin of crimes. Signs of these and other official crimes are highlighted. Qualification issues in the competition of general and special official crimes are analyzed.

scholarly journals Fresh contact: Youth, migration, and atmospheres in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Environmental Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Youth Agency ◽  
Indian Village ◽  
High Degree

This paper uses long-term research in an Indian village to develop Karl Mannheim’s notion of each generation’s ‘fresh contact’ with their inherited social and environmental setting. I examine how a generation of young people re-apprehend their local environment following a period of migration. I argue that young people aged between 25 and 34 who have lived outside their locality re-appraise their village economically and spiritually when they return home. I point to the social nature of this ‘fresh contact’, its spatial character, and the high degree of reflexivity that young men display in discussing their own agency as a generation – a point that emerged especially clearly in their discussion of the term ‘ mahaul,’ a Hindi word meaning ‘atmosphere’. The paper contributes to geographical and anthropological work on youth agency by highlighting the utility of notions of fresh contact in specific social conjunctures, such as the migration of a particular cohort. At the same time, it suggests the importance of placing alongside Mannheim’s work an explicit focus on the spatial nature of fresh contact, the sociality that constitutes cohorts as generations, and young people’s reflexive capacity to theorise their generational agency.

scholarly journals Rejection Sampling Revisit: How to Choose Parameters in Lattice-Based Signature

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhongxiang Zheng ◽  
Anyu Wang ◽  
Lingyue Qin
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Sampling Theorem ◽  
New Method ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Rejection Sampling ◽  
Forgery Attack ◽  
Rejection Probability ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
Security Levels ◽  
Security Bound

Rejection sampling technology is a core tool in the design of lattice-based signatures with ‘Fiat–Shamir with Aborts’ structure, and it is related to signing efficiency and signature, size as well as security. In the rejection sampling theorem proposed by Lyubashevsky, the masking vector of rejection sampling is chosen from discrete Gaussian distribution. However, in practical designs, the masking vector is more likely to be chosen from bounded uniform distribution due to better efficiency and simpler implementation. Besides, as one of the third-round candidate signatures in the NIST postquantum cryptography standardization process, the 3rd round version of CRYSTALS-Dilithium has proposed a new method to decrease the rejection probability in order to achieve better efficiency and smaller signature size by decreasing the number of nonzero coefficients of the challenge polynomial according to the security levels. However, it is seen that small entropies in this new method may lead to higher risk of forgery attack compared with former schemes proposed in its 2nd version. Thus, in this paper, we first analyze the complexity of forgery attack for small entropies and then introduce a new method to decrease the rejection probability without loss of security including the security against forgery attack. This method is achieved by introducing a new rejection sampling theorem with tighter bound by utilizing Rényi divergence where masking vector follows uniform distribution. By observing large gaps between the security claim and actual security bound in CRYSTALS-Dilithium, we propose two series of adapted parameters for CRYSTALS-Dilithium. The first set can improve the efficiency of the signing process in CRYSTALS-Dilithium by factors of 61.7 %  and  41.7 % , according to the security levels, and ensure the security against known attacks, including forgery attack. And, the second set can reduce the signature size by a factor of 14.09 % with small improvements in efficiency at the same security level.

scholarly journals Responsabilidade Social (RSI) e Reputação Organizacional (ROI) Internas: relação competitiva para a empresa?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (44) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Angelica Carina de Andrade Farias Lima ◽  
Amanda Raquel da França Filgueiras D Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Organizational Reputation ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Show

The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between Internal Social Responsibility (RSI) and Internal Organizational Reputation (ROI). It also aims at checking if they are considered sources of competitive advantages for companies. The research used a theoretical basis developed by Pena et al. (2005) for the analysis of RSI through the analysis of 9 indicators, the same used by the Ethos Institute, and Lerner’s (2006) proposal to identify the employees’ perception of the degree of agreement with the ROI, based on the perception of 8 attributes related to company. The research was carried out in the company Antares Comunicação through questionnaires applied to the employees and semi-structured interview conducted with the manager of the Social Responsibility program. The results of the research show a high degree of agreement, an average of 5.5 in relation to the RSI actions developed by the company, as well as an average of 4.9 for the attributes related to ROI. He found through Pearson’s correlation analysis, there is a significant, linear and positive relationship between RSI and ROI. Therefore, according to the Resource Based View (VBR), the two variables, Internal Social Responsibility and Internal Organizational Reputation can be considered sources of competitive advantage for the company.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document