scholarly journals Cultural-Educational Policy of Tsarism in the Dnipro Ukraine (the second half of the 19th and early 20th century)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Andrii Peretokin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
New Schools ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Transformation Processes

The purpose of the article is to analyze the cultural and educational policy of tsarism in the Dnipro region of Ukraine in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries clarifying the role and significance of entrepreneurs in this process. In the modern Ukrainian economy there are transformation processes that are aimed at ensuring sustainable development of the country. The Dnieper region of Ukraine plays an important role in this transformation. Culture and education of the population are an important component in the formation of a highly developed industrial society. After the peasant reform – the liquidation of the feudal system, the tsarist government carried out a series of reforms that were supposed to accelerate capitalist transformations. Modernization in the country required raising the level of culture and education of the population. The tsarist government tried to root out Ukrainian culture, mother tongue. According to the census of 1897 in the Russian Empire, the number of illiterates in the Ukrainian provinces amounted to 83.6 %. In schools and high schools only 30% of children studied. In the 60's and 90's, special institutions of higher education were opened in the Dnipro region of Ukraine: in Odesa, Kyiv, Nizhyn, Kharkiv and Katerynoslav. The tsarist government understood the need to open new schools and improve education, but reluctantly allocated resources for the maintenance of schools and gymnasiums. For example, in the Kherson province in 1883, the tsarist government allocated only 2.7 % of the money from the total, while the rest was allocated by zemstvos, organizations and private individuals. Entrepreneurs, intellectuals and private individuals donated significant amounts to education and culture and played a significant role in spreading and supporting culture and education in the Dnipro region of Ukraine.

Why did Mendeleev not go to university? (Educational policy of Nicholas I)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-179
Author(s):  
Igor Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
University Education ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article examines the educational policy of the Russian Empire during the reign of Nicholas I. In particular, the history of the appearance of the order of Nicholas I on limiting the number of students at universities is considered. According to this order, the staff of students at the universities was “limited to 300 in each, with the prohibition of enrollment in students until the available number is not included in this legalized amount.” An exception was made only for medical faculties, since the army needed qualified doctors. This meant that in most universities in Russia the admission of students should be (and actually was) closed for several years. A particularly difficult situation has developed in the St. Petersburg and Moscow universities. That is why many talented young people, including D. I. Mendeleev, could not get a university education. The study shows that the educational policy in Nicholas Russia was ambiguous and contradictory. The emperor simultaneously wanted to get highly qualified officials and specialists who met the highest European requirements, but at the same time, considering universities as a source of social destabilization and ideological danger, he took measures that hindered the normal development of higher education (in primarily civic) in the country.

“Now they are in Tambov in real mourning”: the anti-Semitic campaign of 1909–1912 in the Tambov Governorate

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Vladimir А. Lovtsov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Music School ◽  
The Russian Empire

We examine the purpose, reasons and course of the anti-Semitic campaign of 1909–1912 in the Tambov Governorate, raised by the governor N.P. Muratov. On the basis of archival and memoir sources, the conflict between N.P. Muratov and the director of the Tambov music school S.M. Starikov is reconstructed, the main reason for which was the anti-Semitic views of the Tambov governor. The practices and approaches used by N.P. Muratov in the implementation of discriminatory legislation and his views in the context of their prevalence in the governor’s corps of the period under study are considered. The relevance of the research topic is associated with the need for a clearer understanding of the mechanisms and principles of interaction between the pro-vincial government and society in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. It is concluded that, despite the discriminatory legislation against Jews in force in the Russian Empire, N.P. Mura-tov could not deprive S.M. Starikov of his post thanks to the support provided to him by the Im-perial Russian Musical Society. At the same time, the anti-Semitic views of N.P. Muratov do not reflect the views of the entire governor corps of this period or the officials of the Russian Empire as a whole.

Adats and Rituals Related to Blood Feuds the Peoples of Mountainous Dagestan (19th — Early 20th Century)

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Gimbatova Madina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political System ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Reconstruction ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Consequences

The article is devoted to one of the most common, and currently almost disappeared custom of blood feud. The authors aim to characterize the adats and rituals associated with blood feuds among the peoples of mountainous Dagestan in the 19th — early 20th century. The research is based on historical-comparative, historical-typological methods and the principle of historical-cultural reconstruction. The chronological framework of the study covers the 19th — early 20th century. This is the period of legal pluralism in Dagestan, when the norms of customary law (adats), Sharia and the laws of the Russian Empire were in force in the mountains.The reasons for the occurrence of blood feuds, adats regulating the legal consequences of murder, as well as the rites of reconciliation of blood relatives are identified and investigated. It is established that in Dagestan, due to the specific features of the socio-economic and political system, such types of criminal punishment as deprivation of liberty, execution, corporal and degrading measures of influence did not arise for the murder of a person. The results of the study can be used by employees of education and culture to familiarize the younger generation with the legal experience of their ancestors.

Uzņemšanas noteikumi augstākās mācību iestādēs: starptautiskā pieredze (19. gs. otrā puse – 20. gs. sākums)

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Tatjana Bartele
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
University Students ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Student Enrolment ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Given

The article looks at the enrolment requirements of Universities in Europe and the Russian Empire in the given period of time. The state’s attitude is tracked towards different categories of secondary school graduates who wanted to become University students. In this context, the opportunities of getting higher education for young people of Latvia are analysed. The article describes the changes in student enrolment in universities of Latvia and other countries in the 20th century.

Czechs and Slovaks in the Russian Empire (last third of the 19th century – early 20th century)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena P. Serapionova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The book deals with the historical contacts of Czech, Slovak and Russian peoples, the beginning of mass Czech and Slovak relocation to Russia, Russian official policy towards settlers. The author marks the main centers of their residence, pauses in detail on public organizations created by them, ties with the historical homeland, their participation in the Slavic movement. Special attention is paid to the prominent representatives of the compatriots. The monograph analyzes the social, professional composition of the Czech and Slovak diasporas, evaluates their contribution to the economic and cultural development of Russia. It is based on documents published and identified in the archives of Russia, Czech and Slovak republics, printing masters, memories and literature on the topic. The book is intended for specialists in the history of Russia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as well as all those interested in the ties of the peoples of the three countries.

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