scholarly journals History of Ukrainian Peasantry of the Dnipro Ukraine in the Research Perspectives of Postgumnism

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Yurii Prysyazhnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Peasant Studies ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Humanism

Modern Ukrainian historiography of the peasantry is in a position where both modern and postmodern researches are recognized as the scientifically capable ones for proper methodological substantiation and presentation. And while science, as it is known, seeks to focus on innovations that are characterized by greater productivity, convincing argumentation, all of them can still rely on an interested reader. Given this and some other circumstances, the proposed intelligence is a kind of attempt to show how against the backdrop of little apparent crisis phenomena in the methodology of history seem to be efforts aimed at the research prospects of post-human studies. The historiographic feature of intelligence is the author's appeal to a rather wide range of studies of European (more general – Western) scholars, who in the article presented primarily a collection of well – known Polish historians Eve Domanska and Tomas Vyslich. Post-humanism is presented as a complex of institutionalized tendencies and research areas, thoughtfully, intellectually and ethically connected with it. She claims a wide range of "reformal changes" in the methodology of creating historical knowledge, but has not yet been confirmed as a dominant (or even recognized) paradigm. Accordingly, the author tries to find out how scientifically substantiated abandonment of the principles of modernism opens the prospect of a more reliable understanding of the modern world. Critics are subjected to the principles established in modern Ukrainian historiography as anthropocentrism and secularization. They are known to have caused a lot of interpretative inconvenience to researchers in the agrarian society. Qualitative thinking also requires the usual term "Ukrainian peasantry". It loses its widespread significance, because artificially, and therefore, from a scientific point of view it is not justified to "modernize" the peasant traditional world. Post Humanism recognizes the expediency of post-colonial studies. From the point of view of the needs of Ukrainian peasant studies, this is understandable, if we consider that the modernist professed Eurocentrism, it does not refuse from its prevalence, even though it includes both post-European and post-colonial initiatives. In the end, historians (historiographers) will love to "emphasize" under the next flash of activization of peasant studies. Such statements also provoke the logic of creating mega-narratives, since each block of such intellectual products claims to be some kind of (or desired) completeness. The author argues that post humanism destroys this tradition, opens up new horizons for interpreting the past of an "awkward class".

Creativity from perspective of axiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
A. V Kiriakova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Moroz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual

Interest in creativity as a subject of research has been growing exponentially since the second half of the 20th century in all areas of human history. A wide range of both domestic and foreign studies allows authors to assert that creativity is a personality trait, inherent to one degree or another. Whereas the development of such trait becomes an urgent necessity in the new reality. The entire evolutionary process of the social development illustrates its dependence on personal and collective creativity. The aim of this research is to study the phenomenon of creativity through the perspective of axiology, i.e. the science of values. Axiology allows us to consider the realities of the modern world from the perspective of not only external factors, circumstances and situations, but also of deep value foundations. Creativity has been studied quite deeply from the point of view of psychology: the special characteristics of a creative person, stages of the creative process, the relationship between creative and critical thinking, creativity and intelligence. Some psychologists emphasize motivation, creative skills, interdisciplinary knowledge, and the creative environment as the main components that contribute to the development of creativity. The authors of the article argue that values and value orientations towards cognition, creativity, self-realization and self-expression are the drivers of creativity. In a broad sense, values as a matrix of culture determine the attitude of society to creativity, to the development of creativity of the individual and the creative class, and to how economically successful a given society will be. Since innovation and entrepreneurship are embodied creativity. Thus, the study of creativity from the perspective of axiology combines the need for a deep study of this phenomenon and the subjective significance of creativity in the context of new realities

Max Weber oder das Scheitern an der Religion

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Reinhard
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
Other World ◽  
Careful Comparison

Der Weltruhm Max Webers geht langsam, aber deutlich zurück. An seinem Lebensthema, der Bedeutung der Religion für die moderne Welt, ist er langfristig gescheitert. Das gilt nicht nur für seine Protestantismus-These, sondern auch für den aufwändigen Versuch, die These durch Vergleich mit anderen Weltreligionen auszuweiten und abzusichern. Er landet dabei in der kolonialistischen Orientalismus-Falle, indem er beweist, was er zuvor vorausgesetzt hatte. Umgekehrt wussten und wissen Vertreter anderer Religionen das protestantische Christentum zur Modernisierung ihrer eigenen Kulturen ‚auszuschlachten‘. ‚Das Empire hat zurückgeschlagen‘. Auch Karl Jaspers’ post-koloniale Alternative zu weltanschaulicher Kommunikation auf gleicher Augenhöhe im Zeichen einer ‚Achsenzeit‘ ist gescheitert. Der viel berufene Aufschwung der Religionen besteht global gesehen in pluralistischer Beliebigkeit, die den Charakter von Religion überhaupt verändert hat. ‚Transzendenz‘ ist immanent geworden. Unsere Religion ist längst nicht mehr diejenige Max Webers. Obviously Max Weber’s fame is continuously decreasing. In the end, he failed in his self-chosen task to explain the growth of the modern world through religious experience. This statement does not only refer to his world-famous essay on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. It is also true of his extensive attempt to confirm and extent his thesis through careful comparison with other world religions. But he fell into the circular trap of colonialist orientalism because he simply proved what had been his own preconditions. On the other hand, members of other religious communities used and still use protestant Christianity selectively to modernize their own cultures. The empire hits back! Karl Jaspers’s Axial Age, his post-colonial attempt in cultural communication on equal level, failed as well. Today, from the global point of view the famous renewal of religion consists in arbitrary pluralism. The very character of religion as such has changed. Transcendence turned immanent. The religion of today is no longer the religion of Max Weber.

scholarly journals Trends in the Study of Attitudes to Appearance from the Point of View of Applied Social Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-150
Author(s):  
V.A. Labunskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Applied Social Psychology ◽  
Wide Range

Objective. The review article aims to consider from the point of view of applied social psychology the phenomenon of perception, evaluation, self-esteem, concern, satisfaction with the appearance, perfectionist attitude to it and to highlight trends, directions of their study. Background. Applied and practical importance of the psychology of the appearance predetermined the accumulation of a huge amount of empirical data and the development of a number of theoretical directions. The current comparison of trends in the development of domestic and foreign psychology of the appearance, the search for directions uniting them. The article consists of three subsections, taking into account the components of the appearance, the dynamics of the attitude to appearance in accordance with the context of interaction andolfactory determinism. Methodology. An interdisciplinary approach; review and analysis of trends in the study of attitudes to appearance. Conclusions. The interdisciplinary status of the external appearance determines a wide range of research areas. The trend of studying individual components of the appearance of their perception, evaluation, self-assessment, influence on concern, satisfaction with the appearance prevails. In domestic research, the development of trends that have developed in the world psychology is carried out. Modern trends are the consideration of a holistic external appearance in different contexts of interaction, the systematization and modeling of a set of factors that determine the attitude to appearance, and its study taking into account the tasks of applied psychology.

An Alternative Account of the History of Archaeology in the Nineteenth Century

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Diaz-Andreu
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Historians of science (whether philosophers, epistemologists, historians of science, or sociologists of science) have been stubbornly reluctant to deal with archaeology in favour of other disciplines such as geology and medicine. Most histories of archaeology have, therefore, been written by archaeologists and this book is no exception. Being trained in the subtleties of stratigraphy and typology does not, however, provide archaeologists with the necessary tools to confront the history of their own discipline. Many of the histories of archaeology so far written revolve around a narrow, almost positivistic, understanding of what the writing of one’s own disciplinary history represents. This volume attempts to overcome these limitations. Questions addressed have been inspired by a wide range of authors working in the areas of history, sociology, literary studies, anthropology, and the history of science. It uses the case of nineteenth-century world archaeology to explore the potential of new directions in the study of nationalism for our understanding of the history of archaeology. Key concepts and questions from which this study has drawn include the changing nature of national history as seen by historians (Berger et al. 1999b; Hobsbawm 1990) and by scholars working in the areas of literature and political studies (Anderson 1991); transformations within nationalism (Smith 1995); new theoretical perspectives developed within colonial and post-colonial studies (Asad 1973; Said 1978); the relationship between knowledge and power (Foucault 1972 (2002); 1980b); and the consideration of social disciplines as products of history (Bourdieu 1993; 2000; 2004). Perhaps historians and sociologists of science’s lack of enthusiasm to engage with archaeology derives from its sheer lack of homogeneity. The term comes from the Greek arkhaiologia, the study of what is ancient. It most commonly encompasses the analysis of archaeological remains, but the emphasis on what body of data lies within its remit has always differed—and still does—from country to country and within a country between groups of scholars of the various academic traditions. For some it revolves around the study of artistic objects, as well as of ancient inscriptions and coins, for others it encompasses all manifestations of culture from every period of human existence.

scholarly journals Dialogue between the individual and the state in contemporary Russian society

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Roman Bogatyrev ◽  
Nadezhda Kapustina ◽  
Maya Nachkebiya ◽  
Tatiana Perutskaya
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Development

This article discusses the important aspects of the dialogue between the individual and the state in modern times. The importance of interaction between the government and the society in the modern world is one of the most urgent tasks for young researchers and for the society as a whole. Emphasizing the importance of strengthening and developing a democratic state governed by the rule of law, researchers identify a wide range of factors that have a direct impact on the positive and effective development of interaction between the government and the society. One such factor is the model of individual-state dialogue. The study of such a dialogue from an anthropological point of view will make it possible to highlight the most successful models of interaction between the society authorities to create effective management mechanisms that affect both the quality of citizens’ life and the development of the state as a whole in a positive way. For a more detailed study of the models of building a dialogue between the individual and the state, it is necessary to consider the existing examples of interaction and analyze the historical aspects of the relationship between the society and the state. The modern practice of state and municipal governing strives to make the government more transparent and open to citizens, such a policy contributes to the maximum involvement of citizens in the public and political life of the state. The article also deals with the issues of involving citizens in the social and political life of the society; it discusses the motivational measures and the policy of the state in the field of engaging citizens in interaction and establishment of a meaningful, effective dialogue between the society and the state.

scholarly journals Evidence on Animals in the Middle Ages in the Framework of Culture-Historical Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Old Evidence

The paper investigates the relationship between archaeological paradigm, fieldwork practice and archaeological records generated in Serbia after the World War II. The issue is the need to revalorize “old” archaeological records in the context of the current theoretical changes and of adaptation of the existing evidence to new research perspectives. These general issues are discussed on the example of culture-historical or traditional approach in Medieval archaeology in the Serbian context. From the point of view of postprocessual archaeology, the paradigmatic position entirely determines the evidence generated during excavations. Consequently, it may be expected that the excavations conducted under the culture-historical school of thought may only answer the questions posed from the culture-historical viewpoint. Therefore, the limitations are great of reinterpretation of the evidence generated in the culture-historical framework. Additionally, the problems of reinterpretation are raised by inaccessibility or non-existence of complete field documentation or unsatisfactory archiving. In other words, the data at our disposal are far removed from the complexity of archaeological record necessary for new insights and a better understanding of the past. The problem is further influenced by the specific character of archaeological knowledge and the issue of non-replicability that differs archaeology from other experimentally grounded research areas. Consequently, a string of problems raises in the process of reinterpretation of the “old” evidence, but it can still be treated as useful in interpretation, provided that it is adequately contextualized. The key points of the changed approach to archaeological research today may be defined as the overcoming of the notion of paradigm and the dualistic mode of thinking, with an emphasized importance of post-humanist philosophy and new materialism. One of the aspects of the post-humanist approach is the consideration of animals in archaeological record as companions to people of the past. This case-study considers specific issues of human-animal relations and “animal turn” on the grounds of the archaeological records interpreted as Mediaeval in the framework of the culture-historical paradigm. The new positioning of the “old” evidence stems from the theoretical tendencies linked to the “ontological turn” in social anthropology and archaeology, and the social epistemology of L. Fleck.

scholarly journals THE “24 PRELUDES” FOR THE PIANO BY IVAN KARABYTS AS AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF THE UKRAINIAN RENAISSANCE OF THE 1970S

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (58) ◽  
pp. 65-95
Author(s):  
Oleh Kopeliuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Piano Cycle ◽  
Cycle 24

Background. The research is devoted to revealing the semantic analysis of the dramaturgy of one of the large-scale compositions in the creative work of IvanKarabyts – the cycle “24 Preludes” for the piano. The composition was written by Ivan Karabyts in 1976 and today it is of great interest to concert performers and fans of modern piano music. The attention of pianists to the cycle “24 Preludes” by I. Karabyts is attracted, firstly, by the distinctive, original musical language, secondly – by a wide range of performing capabilities and means of expression, and thirdly – by vivid images that inspire pianists to reproduce artistic ideas, hidden philosophical implications. The object of research is the cycle “24 preludes” for the piano as a musical encyclopaedia, reflecting the artistic era in the context of the Ukrainian renaissance of tthe 1970s, and the aim is to identify stylistic patterns by means of the semantic analysis of the dramaturgy of the cycle, finding the intersection in a kind of dialogue with a diverse, significant fund of the music of the 20th century. The methodology of research is focused on the relationship of special methods of analysis: functional-structural, intonation, genre, style, semantic and interpretative one. Results. Ivan Karabyts chooses for his cycle a model of tonal dramaturgy of the cycle “24 Preludes”, introduced by F. Chopin and later by D. Shostakovich, namely – the movement along the circle of fifths in the ratio of major-minor. From the point of view of musical semantics of the preludes of the cycle they can be divided into 5 thematic groups (contemplative and introspective lyrics; grotesque and dance; sound imitation and spatial-visual; stylistic allusions; and tragedy ones), varied in genre-stylistic sense (according to the criteria of modelling the awareness of the lyrical hero (I – the world around me.) The dramaturgy of the cycle is built through their correlation, while forming a certain plot, which begins with the image of the lyrical hero, and ends with a demonstration of the society which is ambiguous and problematic for a human. The composer chooses the prelude as a genre with a historical memory of culture, which allows performers and listeners to experience the range of psychological moments of the human spirit in the turbulent world of events of the last third of the 20th century. The composer is fascinated by this genre not by chance, because the prelude allows reflecting in miniature numerous states of “fixed” moments of existence, the inner balance of the artist and the world. Each prelude in the cycle is a kind of creative laboratory, a field of creative experiments. It reflected both already developed and new methods and principles of the composer’s thinking. While performing one prelude after another as a whole composition, one realizes that this genre expresses the freedom of creativity, the element of existence: it is a fantasy, and a story of the heart, and the revelation of the spirit, and at the same time – bright genre sketches. Conclusions. The analysis of the musical semantics of I. Karabyts’s piano cycle “24 Preludes” testified to the presence of 5 genre-stylistic groups in the cycle (according to the criterion of the dual world notion “psychology I – the world around”). Thus, the genre-semantic analysis of the piano cycle “24 Preludes” has shown that I. Karabyts does not lose touch with history and time, by paying tribute to the masters of the 18th–20th centuries, continuing to develop the type of tonal dramaturgy, laid down by J. S. Bach. In the cycle there is a special “counterpoint” of the “blues” stylistic. The dramaturgy of the cycle has a detailed plot, which begins with the image of the lyrical hero, and ends with a demonstration of the society ambiguous and problematic for a human (“I – World”). The dramaturgy of the romantic dual world turns into a harmony of the modern world with multiple images, echoes of time and inner drama. The genre semantics and its analysis allow the performer to comprehend the large-scale cycle as an artistic picture of the world, and its stylistic unity – as a spiritual universe which belongs to the Ukrainian art of the 21st century.

scholarly journals Oxidation Catalysis in Clean Technologies for Fine Chemicals

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Albonetti ◽  
L. Dal Pozzo ◽  
F. Trifirò
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oxidation Catalysis ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Industrial Chemistry ◽  
Heterogeneous Oxidation ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Doped

The role of heterogeneous catalysis for the production of fine chemicals is reviewed with particular interest for the oxidation in a wide range of aspects of this kind of processes: reaction of oxygen insertion, oxidative dehydrogenation and nitrogen insertion (with ammonia and oxygen). In this review are examined the main processes industrially applied and the best research perspectives in the field of heterogeneous oxidation catalysis for the synthesis of fine chemicals. It is an important point of view in relation with the typical parameters of this field of industrial chemistry and in relation with the driving force of environmental friendly technologies (the line guides of green chemistry) to substitute traditional processes. It is examined either the possibility of the use of gas phases, that is better on an economical and plant point of view, with molecular oxygen, nitrous oxide (it is a very specific oxidant, and it is active in mild conditions) and with the technique of short bed reactor to minimise the effects of the consecutive oxidation reaction particularly on aromatic side chains. Or the use of liquid phases, very useful to work in mild conditions with not stable reagents, with hydrogen peroxide and other alternative oxidants such as regenerable organic hydroperoxides. In the liquid phase reactions it is posed a particular interest in the oxidations carried out with the use of metal doped zeolites, with special attention to tianiasilica catalysts such as TS-1 with the new developments of hydrogen peroxide in situ generation; and heteropoly compounds.

Treatise on the Whole-World

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Chaotic Nature ◽  
Different Cultures

This exciting, challenging book covers a wide range of subject matter, but all linked together through the key ideas of diversity and ‘Relation’. It sees our modern world, shaped by immigration and the aftermath of colonization, as a multiplicity of different communities interacting and evolving together, and argues passionately against all political and philosophical attempts to impose uniformity, universal or absolute values. This is the ‘Whole-World’, which includes not only these objective phenomena but also our consciousness of them. Glissant constantly stresses the unpredictable, ‘chaotic’ nature of the world, which, he claims, we must adapt to and not attempt to limit or control. ‘Creolization’ is not restricted to the Creole societies of the Caribbean but describes all societies in which different cultures with equal status interact to produce new configurations. This perspective produces brilliant new insights into the politicization of culture, but also language, poetry, our relationship to place and to landscapes, globalization, history, and other topics. The book is not written in the style conventionally associated with essays, but is a mixture of argument, proclamation, and poetic evocations of landscapes, lifestyles and people. Its structure is intentionally ‘chaotic’, returning several times to the same themes but seen from a slightly different point of view.

scholarly journals Self-Translation, Literary Creativity, and Trans-Lingual Aesthetics: A Québec Writer’s Perspective

Linguaculture ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Daniel Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Geography ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Bilingual Writing

Abstract Self-translation and bilingual writing are drawing increasing critical attention in literary and translation studies. Bilingual writing can cover a wide range of phenomena involving varying degrees of bilingualism. Scholarly focus has been on emigrant, expatriate or exiled writers and more recently, on bilingual writers writing in a post-colonial context, using the acquired language of the colonizer. The emphasis has been on the cultural and political power inequalities between languages. Self-translation has also been seen from the broader, ontological point of view as a form of double representation of the writing self. My own experience in the particular cultural geography of a bi-national, multicultural country such as Canada offers a different context for reflecting on self-translation and bilingual writing, or what I prefer to call “cross-writing,” based on the fundamental cross-cultural communicative aesthetics underlying my specific writing and self-translation process.

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